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A．在世界各地，人都要解决衣、食、住、行的问题。
B．不管在哪种文化里，人们都要面对衣、食、住、行的问题。
C．不管文化程度如何，人们都要面对衣、食、住、行的问题。
D．不管在哪种文化里，人们都认为衣、食、住、行是必要的。
答案
更多“In whatever culture, people must be faced with the necessity of clothing, eating, living a”相关的问题
第1题
根据以下内容回答题：
Expectations for personal relationships differ greatly across cultures．It is important to know that most AmericanS value close friendships，they also value privacy and independence．From an American perspective，to have privacy or to give someone privacy is considered posi-tive．Yet。when the word“privacy”is translated into other languages（e．g．Russian，Arabic，and Japanese）．it has more of a negative meaning．（In these languages“privacy”means aloneness or loneliness．）Therefore，the American’s need for privacy is sometimes judged negatively by those who have not been raised with the value of individualism．some Americans are isolated from others because they have taken their independence and privacy to an extreme．Others simply like spending time alone or at least having the freedom to avoid socializing if they choose． In any true friendship，whatever the culture may be， a person is expected to show interest and concen in a friend’S serious problems．But how does one show this across cuhures？It is not possible to generalize about Americans because there are SO manv varieties of Americans．but it is possible to say that many foreigners or newcomers from different cultures have felt disappointed by Americans．A common occurrence is when an American does not Dhone or visit as much．as the foreigner expects．If someone from another culture is having a serious problem，Americans may say，“Let me know if there’s anything l．can do to help．”If the Americans do not receive．a specific request，they may feel that there’s nothing they can do．In this case．They may call every now and then to stay in touch．The friend from a different culture，on the other hand，may be expecting“sympathy calls or frequent visits，and may not hesitate to demon．strate a dependence on a friend．Many Americans arc uncomfortable whrn people become too dependent．
What do Americans lay emphasis on concerning expectations for personal relationships？
A.Close friendships．
B.Privacy．
C.Valuable culture．
D.Both A and B．
第2题
【C1】
A．ability
B．notion
C．knowledge
D．imagination
第3题
A.To discuss ways of improving language skills.
B.To persuade people to go abroad to attend universities.
C.To advise readers to meet different people from abroad.
D.To introduce online programs to people unable to go abroad.
第4题
第5题
Nonverbal Communication
Like all animals, people communicate by their actions as well as by the noises they make. Language is obviously essential for human beings, but it is not the whole story of human communication.
There are many different cultures in the world, and in each of them the children must learn a great many things that are expected of everyone who participates effectively in that culture. These things are taken for granted by everyone who shares the culture. When I say that they are taken for granted, I mean that nobody needs to describe them or write them down or try self-consciously to teach them to children. Indeed, the children begin to learn them before their linguistic skills are far enough developed to understand a verbal description of what they are learning. This kind of learning has sometimes been called "imitation," but that is much too simple an explanation for the complex processes that go on when a child learns what is normal and expected in his own community. Most of the norms (标准) are communicated to the child nonverbally, and he internalizes them as if no other possibilities existed. They are as much a part of him as his own body; he would no more question them than he would question the fact that he has two hands and two feet, but only one head.
What is an example of the sort of thing that children learn nonverbally？ One of the simplest examples to observe and analyze and discuss is the way people use clothing and bodily ornamentation (装饰) to communicate. At any particular time in any particular culture there is an accepted and normal way to dress and to arrange one's hair and to paint the face and to wear one's jewelry. By adopting those conventions for dressing himself, a person communicates to the world that he wants to be treated according to the standards of the culture for which they are appropriate. When a black person in America rejects the normal American dress and puts on African clothing, he is communicating to the world that he wants to be treated as an Afro-American. On the surface, dressing up in unusual costumes would seem to be one of the more innocent forms of dissent that a person would express, but in fact it is deeply resented by many people who still feel bound by the traditional conventions of their culture and who become fearful or angry when those norms are violated. The nonverbal message that such a costume communicates is "I reject your culture and your values," and those who resent this message can be violent in their response.
Eye contact also has an important role in regulating conversational interactions. In America, a typical pattern is for the listener to signal that he is paying attention by looking at the talker's mouth or eyes. Since direct eye contact is often too intimate, the talker may let his eyes wonder elsewhere. As the moment arrives for the talker to become a listener, and for his partner to begin talking, there will often be a preliminary signal. The talker will often look toward the listener, and the listener will signal that he is ready to talk by glancing away.
Such eye signals will vary, of course, depending on what the people are talking about and what the personal relation is between them. But whatever the pattern of eye signals that two people are using, they use them unconsciously. If you try to become aware of your own eye movements while you are talking to someone, y6u will find it extremely frustrating. As soon as you try to think self-consciously about your own eye movements, you don't know where you should be looking. If you want to study how the eyes communicate, therefore, you should do it by observing other people, not yourself. But if you watch other people too intently, of course, you may disturb them or make them angry. So be careful!
Eye communication seems to be particularly important for Americans. It is part of the American culture that pe
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第6题
Interest【C8】______the relationship of films to American culture is as old as the interest in film【C9】______But interest in other【C10】______of film scholarship is more recent. During the 1960s, there was an【C11】______growth in the number and types of film classes offered in American colleges and universities. In other schools, students concentrate on learning【C12】______to make films. In many other schools, classes【C13】______with the history of film as an art form. and【C14】______the study, of film theory, and criticism. Film is【C15】______studied in more general courses in the humanities. Scholars now analyze the work of important directors. They examine the structures and conventions which create film groups or genres(流派)【C16】______the western and gangster(匪徒)films. Film study has become a【C17】______academic discipline.
Competing【C18】______television since the early 1950s, the American film industry has changed dramatically. So have films themselves. But whatever changes are brought【C19】______, motion pictures will always【C20】______an important American art form. and a significant cultural force.
【C1】
A．arrives
B．reaches
C．arouses
D．researches
第7题
One should be careful, however, in assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.
Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of materials such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by book and magazines for a specialized readership on the other.
By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term "reading" implied.
Why didn't silent reading become common before the nineteenth century？
A．There were few places for people to have silent reading.
B．Few people could read for themselves.
C．Scholars disagreed with this kind of reading before the 19th century.
D．People all thought that "reading" undoubtedly meant reading aloud.
第8题
The Human Science and Advanced Technology Institute at Loughborough in the U. K. is part of an international research program. The team there believes that by 2020 all cars will be computerized which will mean gigantic fuel savings, no accidents and better use of roads. The super-intelligent car of the 21 st century will drive itself, and it will not be owned by one individual. Instead, we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing.
According to Dr. David Davies, who leads the research team, these predictions are based on the rising cost of the car culture, which had blocked up our cities, polluted our air, and caused more deaths' than both world wars put together. Davies says, cars will be fitted with intelligent cruise-con-trol devices to regulate the distance between one car and another. Brakes and accelerators will become redundant(多余的) because the car will automatically speed up, or slow down, to match the speed of the car in front. Computers are much safer drivers than people, so cars and trains will be able to drive much closer together than cars driven by people.
By 2010, David Davies maintains, car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road, whatever the weather conditions, by projecting an image of the road ahead onto the car's windscreen. And, by 2020, cars will travel in convoy, linked to each other electronically. Cars will be connected by an electronically bar to the car in front to form. "road-train". "The front vehicle in such a train," says Davies. "But all the others in the train would burn about ten percent of the normal amount, and so produce about ten percent of the poollution."
We know that governments and car manufacturers______.
A．don't believe the prediction that nobody will own cars by 2020
B．are devoted to the technological innovation in car industry
C．consider the predictions made by the researchers seriously
D．have put the super-intelligent car into mass production
第9题
听力原文： Reading to oneself is a modem activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and mediaeval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term "reading" undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace.
One should be cautious, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners declined, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud.
As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.
Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.
By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term "reading" implied.
Questions:
16. Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century？
17. What did the development of silent reading during the nineteenth century indicate？
18. What are educationalists still arguing about？
19. What did the emergence of the mass media and of specialized periodicals show？
20. What is the writer of this talk attempting to do？
(36)
A．Silent reading had not been discovered.
B．There were few places available for private reading.
C．Few people could read for themselves.
D．People retied on reading for entertainment.
