How many logical channels are defined in GSM？

Passage 3

It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Fredrick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers. They are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do mangers motivate people in such jobs？ One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a part of a team. For example, some supermarkets can buy office stuff to people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the check out into a team, and let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them and so on. Many people now talk about the importance of a company’s shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify, for example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there’s only a limited number of such goals to go around and by definition, not all the competing companies in that industry can seriously plan to be the best.

根据材料回答第 32～35 题。第 32 题 What can actually motivate workers according to Fredrick Herzberg？

B2】______leaders will tell us "the truth". We tend to believe that things【B3】______on television or in newspapers cant be bad for us. However,【B4】______of critical thinking in students is one of the goals of most colleges and universities. Few professors require students to share their own beliefs. In general, professors are more【B5】______that students learn to question and【B6】______examine the arguments of others. This does not mean that professors【B7】______that you change your beliefs, either. It does mean, however, professors will usually ask you to【B8】______the views you express in class or in your writing. If your arguments are not logical, professors personally【B9】______the false reasoning in your arguments. Most professors want you to recognise the premises of your argument, to examine whether you really accept them, and to understand whether or not you draw logical conclusions. Put it this way: professors dont tell you what to think; they try to teach you how to think. On the other hand, if you intend to【B10】______your professors in class, you should be prepared to offer a strong argument in support of your ideas. Arguing just for the sake of arguing usually does not promote a critical examination of ideas. Many professors interpret it as rudeness.

【B1】

ools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the "look-say" or" whole-word" method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.

The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of' familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with. the selfdirected, "learning how to learn" activities recommended by advocates (倡导者) of" open" classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these"Run-Spot-Run"readers.

However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called" the great debate" in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can't read, Flesch indicted (控诉)the nation's public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said—and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed—that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(语音学), is far superior.

Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters, and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.

The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is______.

A．only logical and natural

B．the expected position

C．probably a mistake

D．merely effective instruction

听力原文： It is logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits, and job security motivate workers. But one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers, they are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there are always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs, and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do managers motivate people in such jobs？ One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as part of a team. For example, some supermarkets combine office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the checkout into a team. And let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them, and so on. Many people now talk about the importance of a company shared values or culture, with which all the staff can identify. For example, being the best hotel chain, or making the .best, the most user friendly, or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets, which ultimately only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there is only a limited number of such goals to go around. And by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously play in to be the best.

Questions:

What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg？

What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era？

What do some supermarkets do to motivate their employees？

Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers？

(33)

A．Job security.

B．Good labour relations.

C．Challenging work.

D．Attractive wages and benefits.

In many parts of the world, large numbers of trees ______ (遭到砍伐) and the eco logical balance of nature has been disturbed.

What did the fisherman think when he got so many golden chains？

A．He thought the golden chains were useless.

B．He thought he would be rich.

C．He felt terrible.

What did'the fisherman think when he got so many golden chains？

A．He thought the golden chains were useless.

B．He thought he would be rich.

C．He felt terrible.

听力原文：How will sports and play programs benefit children socially？

(32)

A．By creating chances of teamwork.

B．By collecting money for children.

C．By supporting people in war areas.

D．By teaching children speed skating.

What does Richard Metcalf say about e-mail in Paragraph Two？

A．It is not an appropriate channel for sending important information.

B．It increases the amount of paperwork done in offices.

C．It is not popular with many secretaries.

D．It is a less efficient channel than fax.

How to convert logical syllogism into written argument ？

A、Provide evidence for each premise.

B、Lay out each premise clearly.

C、Draw a clear connection to the conclusion.

D、Support the conclusion with new evidence.

A.2341

B.1234

C.3214

D.4321