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[主观题]

The economy started 2006 extremely strong in spite of record oil prices and rising interes

t rates. An unusually mild winter across much of the country is part of the story, but the lack of worry by consumers and business about oil prices is an even bigger part. The question remains, will we continue to glide down the economic highway or slip on oil？

Oil prices have raised overall consumer prices and cut into household purchasing power. So far the higher costs haven't deterred(阻止) buying, even buying of cars and other energy-sensitive items. The major reason for the lack of reaction is that oil is less important to the economy than it once was. Oil, which produced 45% of world energy in 1971, accounted for only 35% in 2003, with increases in nuclear and natural gas use making up the difference.

GM, Ford, and Chrysler suffered as buyers shifted to more fuel-efficient vehicles from Toyota and Honda, but the shift was hot pronounced. Admittedly, light truck sales are holding up in part because manufacturers are offering large discounts to "move the metal", but the fact that buyers are responding to those incentives shows they aren't too scared of gas prices.

Americans continue to spend more than they earn, but gasoline prices will have an effect. Although the April chain store results suggest gasoline prices aren't hurting much yet, eventually Americans will be forced to realize that they have to slow down. We expect the economy to slow in the second half of the year as the impact of higher oil prices sinks in. How much the economy slows will depend on how high oil prices remain. We expect some drop in oil prices by yearend, but I have been saying that for so long even I am starting not to believe it.

The anger against the oil companies is clearly misplaced. Exxon and friends control only a small share of world oil reserves. Most are now in the hands of state-owned oil companies. The recent move by Bolivia to nationalize its industry is only the latest in a long line of similar actions. The history of these enterprises is one of severe underinvestment and mismanagement, which tends to reduce supply and keep prices high. The risk on oil prices is primarily on the high side of our forecast.

Although I think oil prices will drop back in the medium term, to address my serious worries, I'm buying my wife a bike for Mothers' Day.

The economy at the beginning of 2006 is not affected by the high oil price mainly because ______.

A．the warm winter requires less oil to run the heaters

B．the warm winter promotes consumption, across the country

C．people believe that the oil price will drop in near future

D．people don't think the high price will make much of a difference

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发布时间：2022-12-20
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更多“The economy started 2006 extremely strong in spite of record oil prices and rising interes”相关的问题

第1题

History shows it is only when the economy is in the mud that Americans feel free to do wha
t they want to do. As the author J. K. Rowling said so succinctly in her 2008 address to Harvard graduates, failure can mean a "stripping away of the inessential. " When she was an impoverished single mother, she started to write her magical tales: " I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me. You will never truly know yourself, or the strength of your relationships, until both have been tested by adversity. " This doesnt mean it is an uplifting experience to be unemployed, of course. But it may mean we ease up on some of the judgment that springs from the false idea that a person without a job has not just hit bad luck or a poor economy—but is a failure. Having a job is hardly the only, or best, measure of a life. It may also mean we can accept plateaus, understand that a life has troughs we can climb out of, and that a long view is the wisest one. A recession is a great reminder that all of us need to learn, as Samuel Beckett said, to " fail better. " Which means rethinking what we really want to do with our lives, who we want beside us, and how we measure worth. Think of poor Willy Loman. Today his grandchildren might be proud.

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第2题

听力原文：Anchor: Imagine the U.S. economy blasting forward, technology changing the way we
work and live, a nation obsessed with every little move on the stock market. Sound familiar？ Well, it was the actual America at the end of the 1920s. Then 70 years ago today, October 29, 1929, the nightmare on Wall Street. For "The Events of the Century" tonight, Steven Buffer on the day forever known as "Black Tuesday".

Steven Butler: Tonight, the stock market crash of 1929. The famous words, the Crash 1929. Overnight, it was like bombs fell. It is often identified as one of the most significant events of the 20th century, the day the stock market lost 30 billion dollars' paper value in a few hours and, as popular wisdom has always told us, plunged the nation into the Great Depression. But popular wisdom about the crash is somewhat misleading, the economy was in depression long before the bottom dropped out of the market. The crash wasn't the only signal that something was terribly wrong; it was simply the loudest.

An economist: Beneath the surface (erm) there were people who were not worrying in the 20s, the whole frame. of economy was essentially in depression throughout the 20s.

Steven Butler: To better understand what forced the economy into such a dark period and the crash's role in that, a few things about the times. It was the first decade in which more people lived in cities than in the countryside, the decade of the automobile, and the radio, and tabloid, and jazz. It was a decade of rampant speculation. It seems that almost everybody was on the stock. And all of these are dependent on mass consumption.

An economist: The mass sale of automobiles, in addition, you have radio and household appliances. These, in order to keep the economy going, had to be sold to the masses of people.

Steven Butler: Which meant breaking down the traditional American value of saving for a rainy day. Advertising came of age in the 1920s. People were persuaded to abandon their frugal ways and spend money now. And while there were modest increases in the income for the middle classes in 1920s, they were not enough. The economy was booming, but the rich were keeping most of the profits. It means that the buying power was not defused throughout the economy. At a time when unions were either rare or weak, management's hold on wages went unchanged. For a time the flaw in the economy was hidden.

An economist: The stopgap that was discovered was, "I can buy it on credit." The very word "credit" starts to be used in the 1920s in a way that's almost opposite to what it really means; it means debt.

Steven Butler: And the debt mounted and mounted to where it became increasingly impossible to keep up spending. Industry was overproducing, profits were shrinking, the national mood changed. By October 29, 1929, millions of investors started to panic. The stock market went into a free fall. What followed was a period of sustained misery. In the end, the Great Depression lasted another ten years and when America emerged it was a very different place. The growth of organized labor had helped to spread the prosperity more evenly and the commitment of a balanced consumer-driven economy was now complete. But for those who remember the worst trading day in history, the crash of 1929 continues to cast a shadow across the rest of the 20th century.

？You will hear a news report in which the anchor will introduce you to a reporter who will look back at the stock market crash of 1929.

？For each question 28--30, mark one letter (A, B or C) for the correct answer.

？You will hear the recording twice.

From the recording we can learn that the crash of 1929 happened on a ______.

A．Monday

B．Tuesday

C．Thursday

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第3题

Starting in the mid-1990s, major American cities began a radical transformation. Years o
f high violent crime rates, thefts, robberies, and inner-city decay suddenly started to turn around. Crime rates didnt just hold steadily, and they began falling faster than【M1】______ they went up. That trend appeared in practically every【M2】______ post-industrial American city, simultaneously. "The drop of crime in the 1990s effected all geographic areas【M3】______ and demographic groups," Steven D. Levitt wrote in his landmark paper on the subject, Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s, and elucidated further in a best-selling book Freakonomics. "It【M4】______ was unanticipated that it was widely dismissed as temporary or【M5】______ illusory long after it had begun." He went on to tie the drop to the legalization of abortion 20 years much earlier, dismissing police【M6】______ tactics as a cause but they failed to explain the universality and【M7】______ unexpectedness of the change. Alfred Blumsteins The Crime Drop in America pinned the cause of crime solely on the crack epidemic but gave the credit for its appearance to those self-same【M8】______ policing strategies. Plenty of other theories have been offered to account for the double-digit decrease in violence, from the advent of "broken windows" policies, three strikes laws, changing demographics, gun control laws, and the increasing prevalence of cellphones or an【M9】______ upturn in the economy and cultural shifts in American society. Some of these theories have disproven outright while others【M10】______ require a healthy dose of assumption to turn correlation into causation.

【M1】

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第4题

•Read the passage below about Volkswagen.•For each question （23 -28),-choose t

•Read the passage below about Volkswagen.

•For each question (23 -28),-choose the correct answer.

•Mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer sheet.

The History of Volkswagen

Ferdinand Porsche started work on the "people" car with money he received from the German government. In 1938 he returned to Germany, founded Volkswagen Gmbh and started production with his new American machinery in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony.

Commercial production stopped during the war and factory and its 9,000 workers fell into British hands in 1945. After the war the British helped the local economy by ordering 20,000 cars but decided not to take over the company as they did not think it had a future. Instead, Heinrich Nordhoff took over as Managing Director and the Volkswagen success story began.

Within five years annual production went from 20, 000 to 230, 000 cars and the company founded its first South American subsidiary, Volkswagen do Brazil S. A. In 1949 the first exports to the USA arrived in New York, where they were described as 'beetle-like' and the VW Beetle legend was born. Thirty-two years later the 20 millionth Beetle rolled off a Volkswagen de Mexico production line. In 1960 Volkswagen became a public limited company valued at DM 600 m.

The company continued its globalization by setting up its own production facilities in Australia (1957), Nigeria (1973) and Japan (1990) while expanding into the USA (1976) and Spain (1986) by buying car manufacturers. The company also Jet up a joint venture in China (1982). Political events at the end of 1989 gave VW the opportunity to move into central Europe, where it soon began production in the former East Germany and expanded into the Czech Republic.

Today Volkswagen AG is Europe's largest car-maker with 242,770 employees and a turnover of $65 bn. With new versions of the world's two most successful cars, the Beetle and the Golf, the future for VW looks every bit as bright as its past.

During the war the company

A．stopped producing cars completely.

B．stopped producing cars for sale to the public.

C．continued producing cars as before.

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第5题

？Read the following passage below about Volkswagen.？For each question 23- 28, choose the c

？Read the following passage below about Volkswagen.

？For each question 23- 28, choose the correct answer.

？Mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.

The History of Volkswagen

Ferdinand Porsche started work on the 'people's car' with money he received from the German government in 1934. First of all he travelled to America to learn about car production. Then in 1938 he returned to Germany, founded Volkswagen Gmbh and started production with his new American machinery in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony.

Commercial production stopped during the war and the factory and its 9,000 workers fell into British hands in 1945. After the war the British helped the local economy by ordering 20,000 cars but decided not to take over the company as they did not think it had a future. Instead, Heinrich Nordhoff took over as Managing Director and the Volkswagen success story began.

Within five years annual production went from 20,000 to 230,000 cars and the company founded its first South American subsidiary, Volkswagen do Brazil S. A. In 1949 the first exports to the USA arrived in New York, where they were described as 'beetle-like' and the VVV Beetle legend was born. Thirty-two years later the 20 millionth Beetle rolled off a Volkswagen de Mexico production line. In 1960 Volkswagen became a public limited company valued at DM 600m.

The company continued its globalisation by setting up its own production facilities in Australia (1957), Nigeria (1973) and Japan (1990) while expanding into the USA (1976) and Spain (1986) by buying car manufacturers. The company also set up a joint venture in China (1982). Political events at the end of 1989 gave VVV the opportunity to move into central Europe, where it soon began production in the former East Germany and expanded into the czech Republic.

Today Volkswagen AG is Europe's largest car-maker with 242,770 employees and a turnover of ＄65bn. With new versions of the world's two most successful cars, the Beetle and the Golf, the future for VVV looks every bit as bright as its past.

During the war the company

A．stopped producing cars completely．

B．stopped producing cars for sale to the public.

C．continued producing cars as before.

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第6题

回答{TSE}题： The Changing Middle Class The United States perceives itself to be a middle-c
lass nation,However, middle class is not a real designation,nor does it carry privileges.It is more of a perception, which probably was as true as it ever could be rightafter World War II. The economy was growing,more and more people owned theirown homes,workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them,and nearly everyone whowanted a higher education could have one. Successfulpeople enjoyed upward social mobility. They may have started out poor,but theycould become rich. Successful people also found that they had greatergeographic mobility. In other words,they found themselves moving to and livingin a variety of places. The middle class collectively holds several values and principles.One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one candetermine one's own economic fate. In addition,middle class morality embracesprinciples of individual responsibility, importance of family, obligations toothers,and believing in something outside oneself. But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was aprice for success. A U. S. News & World Report survey in 1994 indicatedthat 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could nolonger make ends meet. Both spouses now worked,as did some of the children;long commutes became routine; the need for child care put strains on the family;and public schools were not as good as they once were. Members of the middleclass were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were usingcredit to stay afloat. The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing. {TS}The information in this passage deals with

A. an individual

B. a social and economic group

C. a political organization

D. government

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第7题

听力原文： At no other time in recent history has it been easier or cheaper to start a n
ew kind of company. Possibly a very profitable company. Lets call these new companies LILOs, for "a little in, a lot out". These are Web-based businesses that cost almost nothing to get off the ground yet can turn into great moneymakers. How do you get started？ All thats required is a great idea for a product that will fill a need in the 21st century. These days youd do best if your idea either makes people money or saves them money. And launching now will make your company stronger later — youll learn to survive on fumes until the economy improves. Thats what John Tayman is doing. Hes an author who lives in San Francisco and writes reviews for a business magazine. Tayman knew little about technology and even less about business. And yet he dreamed of a website that would summarise car reviews from other sources and rank every model of new car. Tayman said he intended to build the site on the side while continuing to write for a living. Hed work on his new company only at night and on weekends. Oh, yes, and he had only about $10,000. Tayman went to work with nothing more than his laptop. A hyper-organised fellow, he quickly discovered a bunch of free stuff online — instructional manuals and sites that walk you through the process from start to finish. Within months, Tayman had a virtual staff of 20 employees working for him in five different countries. MotorMouths.com went live in January. Tayman figures he has worked about 10 hours a week on it and hasnt spent a cent on marketing or advertising. Growth is modest but steady: nearly 10,000 people visit each week. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 23. What is the advantage of starting a business now？ 24. What did Tayman have when he started his business？ 25. What do we learn about Taymans website according to the passage？23．

A．A magazine, an idea and a laptop.

B．A friend, an idea and a good knowledge of Internet.

C．An idea, a little knowledge about Internet and $10,000.

D．Some knowledge about business, an idea and $10,000.

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第8题

Text 2Empowering workers constitutes the first step toward a stronger economy and stronger

Text 2

Empowering workers constitutes the first step toward a stronger economy and stronger citizen-ry. It is a vital step toward overcoming inequality in American society. During the 1980s, the need for better wages for all workers increased as women, traditionally secondary earners, assumed grea- ter responsibility for their own and their children's well-being. Yet the ability to raise families to a decent living standard through wage work decreased; real wages fell for most workers. And the Federal Govemment enacted no new policies to facilitate the integration of work and family, as working women and working families suffered a loss in political power as well.

Black or Hispanic women are four times as likely to be low-wage workers as are white men with comparable skills and experience. White women are more than three times as likely as white men to be low-wage workers, and black or Hispanic men more than one-and-a-half times as likely. More than half of all low-wage workers are the only wage workers in their families, or live alone.

Employment no longer provides an escape from poverty. More than eight million working adults are poor; two million of them work full-time, year-round. More than seven million poor children have at least one working parent. When that one working parent is a low-wage worker, thechildren have no better chance of escaping from poverty than if the parent were not working at all ;more than two-fifths of such children are poor.

Even if generous income assistance were available, the wages employers pay would be held toa minimum. In addition, policies such as tax credits for working parents do nothing to increase the olitical power of working women and men.

Our research shows that unionization is among the most effective strategies for raising pay, especially for women and minority men. Being a union member, or being covered by a collective-bargaining agreement, raised 1984 wages by $ 1. 79 per hour for Hispanic men, $ 1. 32 for black en, $ 1.26 for Hispanic women, $ 1. 01 for black women, $ 0. 68 for white women, and $ 0.41 for white men, when all other factors, such as occupation, industry, firm size, education and experience were held constant. In percentage terms, the union increase was more than 15 per- cent for blacks and Hispanics, 11 percent for white women, and 4 percent for white men.

46. During the l980s, women started to play a more important role in

[ A] demanding political rights.

[ B ] improving social welfare.

[ C] supporting the family.

[ D] earning better wages.

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第9题

根据以下材料，回答题HighwaysWith the increase in auto production， private turnpike （收费公

根据以下材料，回答题

Highways

With the increase in auto production， private turnpike （收费公路） companies under local authorities began to spring up， and by 1921 there were 387，000 miles Of paved roads. At that time，

there were no national standards for size， weight restrictions， or weight of trucks. During the World War I， roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919， he noted: "The old convoy （车队） had started me thinking about good， two-lane highways， but Germany"s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land."

The interstate highway system was finally started in 1956. To build its 44，000-mile web of highways， bridges， and tunnels， hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Considering the many geographic features of the country such as mountains， steep grades， wetlands， rivers， deserts and plains， innovative designs of roadways began to weave their way across the country， forever altering the face of America.

Today， the interstate system links every major city in the U.S.， and the U.S. with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind， the highways have wide lanes and shoulders， dividing medians，or barriers， long entry and exit lanes， curves engineered for safe turns， and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S. roads （0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads）.

By opening the North American continent， highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country， spurred the growth of suburbs，and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs， access to cultural program， health care，and other benefits. Above all， the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.

The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation"s economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation"s freight deliveries arrive by truck;and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.

Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes， it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations， motels， restaurants， and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.

National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第10题

根据下面内容，回答题 Buffet Zone Lucy Robertson started working at a take-away food busines

根据下面内容，回答题

Buffet Zone

Lucy Robertson started working at a take-away food business to supplement her income during her student days at Edinburgh University. Several years later she had bought the business and now， 17 years on， she owns Grapevine Caterers， probably Scotland"s leading independent caterers， with a turnover of almost ε6m.

She had never planned to own a business， and had certainly never considered a career in catering. （0）...G… However， her unplanned career began in 1985， when she returned to Edinburgh and discovered that the takeaway she had worked in was up for sale. On impulse， she bought it， but admits that at the time she knew nothing about catering. （8）.....It was a difficult time， but essential in terms of gaining the experience she needed. The late 1980s boom was good for business， with large numbers of office workers wanting takeaway food for their lunches. （9）..... "At one point there were 26 food outlets within a 5-kilometre radius，" Robertson recalls， as the economy changed and the once packed office blocks started to become vacant， it became clear that Robertson would need to diversify. （10）......It changed the direction of the company for good.

As Robertson began to win catering contracts， she decided that the company would have to move to larger premises. In 1994， the move was made when she bought another catering business that already had a number of profitable contracts for boardroom lunches.

Meanwhile， Robertson"s main competitor， the oldest catering company in Edinburgh， was causing her some anxiety. "Customer loyally is not to be underestimated，" she warns. But Robertson is not someone who is easily put off. （11）...... Partly as a result of this， turnover doubled， and having outgrown another site， Robertson bought a city-centre location for the group"s headquarters.

By now， Grapevine"s main competitor was a new catering company called Towngates. Although Robertson tried to raise enough money to buy Towngates， she did not succeed. Then luck intervened and Towngates went bankrupt. （12）......Many accepted and the company"s turnover went from ε700，000 to ε1.5 million almost overnight.

However， the company"s growth was not as smooth as it sounds in retrospect. Robertson admits， "We were close to the edge during the growth period. Like many under-capitalized companies trying to grow， it might easily have collapsed." But that， she feels， is the challenge of developing your own business.

A．But there are plenty of similar contracts to be won in the east of Scotland before Robertson turns her attention elsewhere.

B．Her way round this particular problem was to recruit the catering manager of the rival company.

C．But this demand was short-lived， and before long， increasing competition made it harder to make a profit.

D．"It was a dramatic learning curve and very small amounts of money were earned at first，" says Robertson.

E．She decided that the solution， since many companies required working lunches for meetings with clients， was to prepare and deliver meals to business premises.

F．On hearing this， Robertson immediately contacted all of their clients and offered the services of Grapevine Caterers.

G．Instead， she studied accountancy after leaving university， and a steady if unspectacular professional path seemed set.

（8）应选 查看材料

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