第1题
A.部分患者的咽拭子标本尚未进行检测,但是发现了H5N1禽流感病毒
B.对所有患者的咽拭子标本进行了检测,未必能发现H5N1禽流感病毒
C.要发现H5N1禽流感病毒,必须对所有患者的咽拭子标本进行检测
D.部分患者的咽拭子标本尚未进行检测或者发现了H5N1禽流感病毒
第2题
A.H5N1型禽流感毒中的糖蛋白有“识别功能”,具有抗原性
B.上述蛋白可能决定禽流感毒病毒的感染能力
C.H5N1型禽流感毒病毒具有包膜结构,上述两种蛋白可能存在包膜小体中
D.上述蛋白的翻译主要由病毒自身的酶体系催化完成的
第5题
A.禽流感是人类的直接接触受H5N1病毒感染的家禽及其粪便或直接接触H5N1病毒后受到感染的一种传染病
B.禽流感是由A型流感病毒引起禽类的一种从呼吸系统到严重全身败血症等多种症状的传染病
C.禽流感是能同时给禽类和人类造成大量死亡的流行性感冒传染病
D.禽流感是禽类的病毒性流行性感冒
第6题
高致病性禽流感血清型主要是()
A、H1N1
B、H7N2
C、H5N1
D、H9N1
E、H2N2
第8题
A.有家禽或疑似患者接触史
B.双份血清特异性抗体4倍升高
C.血清特异性抗体阳性
D.排除细菌性肺炎
E.呼吸道分泌物检测到H7N9禽流感病毒核酸,或双份血清H7N9禽流感病毒特异性抗体水平呈4倍或以上升高
第9题
A.浆细胞产生针对该禽流感毒蛋白的抗体
B.效应T细胞消灭被疫苗感染的细胞
C.细胞受刺激分化成记忆细胞
D.吞噬细胞处理和呈递抗原
第10题
A.甲型流感病毒抗原检测
B.动态检测急性期和恢复期双份血清HN79中病毒特异性抗体水平呈4倍或以上升高
C.病毒分离
D.核酸检测
第11题
Bird Flu
The H5N1 strain of influenza(H5N1 类禽流感)-often referred to as bird flu-was first known to have spread from chickens to humans in 1997. Since 2004 it has attacked Asian poultry farms (家禽饲养所), and had a 7% death rate in the first 70 people who were known to have been infected. Health authorities fear this strain, or its descendents (变种), could cause a fatal new flu with the potential to kill billions.
Flu has been a regular disaster of humanity for thousands of years. The flu viruses are a large family, each possessing a mere 10 genes encoded in RNA (核糖核酸). All of the 16 known groups come first from water birds, especially ducks and gulls (鸥). The virus is well adapted to their immune systems, and does not usually make them very sick. This leaves the animals free to move around and spread the virus.
Violent virus
But every now and then a bird flu virus is transmitted to all animal whose immune system the virus is not adapted to. If the bird flu from a forest bird spreads to chickens, it causes an average disease but can readily change to a more severe strain. Just such a strain of HSN1 flu has hit large chicken farms in East Asia.
The situation is serious because, in 1997, scientists found for the first time that H5 flu is capable of infecting humans. It was found in 18 people, six of whom died. All the poultry in Hong Kong were destroyed to stop the threat. But it continued to circulate, especially in China.
There were further human cases in China in 2003. Then in early 2004 Vietnam (越南) reported widespread poultry outbreaks and some human cases. Cambodia (柬埔寨) and Thailand denied the outbreaks in the beginning but admitted the fact later. So did China.
A mass poultry selection stopped the outbreaks by March 2004, by which time 23 people had died. But the virus went on, most probably in ducks. But scientists think that we should not blame its persistence and spread in the region all on wild birds. The outbreaks started again in summer 2004, and by mid-April 2005 had caused a total of 51 human deaths, all in Thailand and Vietnam.
Making the jump
The two or three flu virus families that have made the jump to humans mostly cause slight disease, because they have adapted to our immune systems. A yearly winter flu suffers most of the world. But it is not totally benign (良性的). About 700,000 people around the world die of it each year, mainly the very old, very young and the weak.
Common flu vaccines(疫苗) are increasing in popularity, although flu evolves so fast that we need new flu vaccines every year. In 2004 an unexpected shortage of vaccine in the US indicated the weakness of the vaccine supply, which is produced by very few manufacturers. As New Scientist predicted, it took great efforts to limit available supplies to those most at risk of serious illness, preventing extra deaths.
But flu is most deadly when it first makes the jump to people because the virus had no opportunity to adapt itself to our immune systems. H5N1 has continued to infect humans as the outbreak in poultry has increased, with an apparently high death rate. It has so far been hard to infect human beings, and has not spread readily between people. If this viral strain should acquire that ability of attacking us, it could become a lethal pandemic (流行性疾病)-the name for a wide-spread disease that spreads worldwide.
Deadly widespread
In 1918, a virulent (有毒菌株) flu strain appeared in humans and killed 50 million people within a few months.
There have also been two less catastrophic(悲惨的) pandemics. The so-called "Asian" flu of 1957 caused between one and four million deaths, while 1968's "Hong Kong" flu with about half the estimated deadliness of the Asian flu--caused one to two million deaths. Both of these were human flu viruses which
A.Y
B.N
C.NG