Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of hum
第1题
Definitions of Censorship
The term "censorship" comes from the Latin, censere "to give as one's opinion, to assess." Here are excerpts of definitions of "censorship" from U.S. organizations and publications with varying views:
Censor: One who supervises conduct and morals: as a) an official who examines materials (as publications or films) for objectionable matter; b) an official (as in time of war) who reads communications (as letters) and deletes material considered harmful to the interests of his organization.
—Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
Censorship: The use of the state and other legal or official means to restrict speech.
—Culture Wars, Documents from the Recent Controversies in the Arts
In general, censorship of books is a supervision of the press in order to prevent any abuse of it. In this sense, every lawful authority, whose duty it is to protect its subjects from the ravages of a pernicious press, has the right of exercising censorship of books.
—The Catholic Encyclopedia
Censorship
1. The denial of freedom of speech or freedom of the press.
2. The review of books, movies, etc. , to prohibit publication and distribution, usually for reasons of morality or state security.
—Oran's Dictionary of Law
Censorship: official restriction of ally expression believed to threaten the political, social, or moral order.
—Encyclopedia. com
Censorship — the prevention of publication, transmission, or exhibition of material considered undesirable for the general public to possess or be exposed to.
—Fast Times' Political Dictionary
How many dictionaries have been quoted which give the definition of Censorship only in this article?
A.6.
B.5.
C.4.
D.3.
第2题
_____26____the situation they arein. This isvery natural. All languages have two general levels of usage: a formal leveland an informal level.English is no ____27_____. The difference in these twolevels is the situation in which you use a ____28_____ level.Formal language is the kind oflanguage you find in text books,_____29____ books and in business letters. Youwould also use formal English in _____30 ____ and essays that you write inschool. Informal language is used inconversation with _____31 ____family members and friends, andwhen we write personal notes or letters to closefriends.
Formallanguage is different from informal language in several ways. First, formallanguage _____32____ bemore polite.What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite.For example, I might sayto a friend or a family member, "Close the door,please," but to a ____ 33_____, I probably would say "Would youmindclosing the door?"
Anotherdifference between formal and informal language is some of the ____ 34_____. There are bound to besome wordsand phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal. Let'ssay that I really likesoccer. If I am talking to my friend, I might say "Iam just _____35____ soccer!" Butif I were talking to my boss, Iwould probably say "I really enjoysoccer.
ess Campaign.The World Centers of Compassion for ChildrenInternational call attention tochildren's rights and how to help the ____44____of war. Starting a Peacemakers'Club is apraiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to otherclassrooms and ideally affect the culture ofthe ____45____ school.
第3题
Much of opposition to The Origin of Species arose from Darwin's claim that all living creatures, including man, are somehow related. Many people were outraged by the suggestion that man shared a common ancestor with animals such as apes and monkeys. They attacked Darwin for saying that man had descended from the apes.
But Darwin never actually said this. He believed that modern men and modern apes have both descended from the same ancestor. But at some time in pre-history, millions of years ago, men and apes began to develop separately, and ever since have continued to take on different characteristics. Today, more than 90 years after Darwin's death, this is the opinion which scientists continue to hold.
In his works, Darwin described the progression of life from its earliest forms. First came the invertebrate-creatures without a backbone. Then invertebrates evolved into fish; fish into amphibians; amphibians into reptiles; and reptiles into birds and mammals.
Fossil remains found after his death show that Darwin was right. Perhaps the most amazing fact about his theory is that he managed to work it out with the aid of only a few fossil discoveries.
Fossil remains were not the only information which we now possess but which Darwin lacked. He did not know that apes have the same diseases as men; nor that they and men have the same kind of blood. Nor did he know about the modern uses of radiation which enable scientists to tell the age of fossil remains and so estimate the speed at which evolution has taken place.
Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?
A.The Origin of Species is a very significant book.
B.Darwin's discoveries were proved to be right though the Origin of Species was severely attacked.
C.The evolution of men has gone through a very long process.
D.It was impossible for Darwin to prove his ideas only with the aid of fossils.
第5题
温度敏感突变的一种是冷敏感(Cs)突变,它在低于某特定温度下有突变表型,下表是几个必需基因的突变体(ess),“+”、“-”指形成菌落与不形成菌落。那么ess(Ts)、ess(Cs)双突变型的表型如何?
32℃ 37℃ 42℃
ess(Ts) + - -
ess(Cs) - - +
第6题
One characteristic of many (but not all) working class families is that the status of different members of the family is clearly defined; the authority of the father, for instance, derives from the fact that he is the father. This type of family Bernstein calls positional, and he contrasts it with the person-centered family type, more common (although not omnipresent) in the middle classes. In the latter, status, authority and interpersonal relationships are "negotiated" according to the unique characteristics of each family member. This negotiation, or lack of it, is reflected linguistically. The following conversation might take place in a positional family:
Child: Can I have an ice cream?
Mother: No.
Child: Why not?
Mother: Because I said so.
In order to justify her refusal of the child's request, the mother resorts to her authority as mother.
The equivalent exchange in a "person-centered" family might go like this.
Child: Can I have an ice cream?
Mother: No.
Child: Why not?
Mother: Because if you have an ice cream now, you won't want your lunch later on.
This time an attempt is made to justify the decision in logical terms. In both cases a "reason" is given for denying the ice cream, but the "rational" nature of the explanation given by the second mother leads her to the explicit expression of a statement of condition—"if you have an ice cream now"—and result—"you won't want your lunch later on."
Now Bernstein is not saying that middle class parents are more rational or articulate or intelligent than working class parents. He notes, however, that if this sort of difference distinguishes a large proportion of the conversations these two children hear in their childhood, then it is reasonable to expect the middle class child to enter school, at age five or six, with the ability to understand and produce a more varied linguistic repertoire, a more "elaborated code" than his working class school friend. The latter may be just as intelligent, but he will probably possess a more "restricted" linguistic code.
Bernstein also recognizes that not all middle class parents' interactions with their children will be like the (imaginary) example quoted, nor all working class parents' conversations with their children like the second (imaginary) example. He argues that the middle class child, however, is more likely to reach school age with mastery of both codes, restricted and elaborated. Many (but not all) working class children, on the other hand, will possess the "restricted code" only. This may be just as rich and powerful linguistically, just as complex, just as adequate as a means of expression, but it is not the language of the (often middle class) teacher, of books, of schools, or, more generally, of educational success.
There are several problems with Bernstein's theory, even in its complete form. In common with other critics, Labov has noted the vagueness of the notion of "code" and, with another population, shown how differences in the speech elicited from working class and middle class subjects are sometimes the product of the elicitation procedures themselves. Rosen has attacked what he sees as the confused political definitions of several of Bernstein's central concepts, including social class, and the lack of linguistic data with w
A.background
B.language use
C.status
D.intelligence
第7题
At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第8题
A.possess
B.possessing
C.had possessed
D.will possess
第9题
Why do many people who are not interested in hunting choose to possess guns?
A.It is just a very practical weapon to stop crime.
B.Guns are easier to use than knives.
C.It is fashionable today to possess a gun.
D.They need a gun for self-protection.
第10题
A.upper
B.middle
C.lower
D.middle and lower