Most of the trade deficit in this balance of payments was attributed to trade with which c
A.United kingdom.
B.France.
C.Saudi Arabia.
D.Japan.
A.United kingdom.
B.France.
C.Saudi Arabia.
D.Japan.
第1题
(20)
第2题
Mott's thoughts are echoed in the brochures of universities and colleges around the world which offer programs in hotel management. IMHI: Institute de Management hotelier International in France, whose graduate programs are administered by two prestigious institutions—Cornell University and Group ESSEC—concurs, "The hospitality industry continues to internationalize its market and its development. "
"By the year 2000, business forecasts predict that the hospitality industry will be the largest business in the world. This tremendous growth will offer the properly trained management candidate an unlimited opportunity for success," writes the Hotel Consult SHCC Colleges, which has schools in Switzerland, the United States and Australia.
Hotel management provides a practical, interdisciplinary education. Students who have been well educated in hotel management, whatever the area of concentration, can market their skills universally. Dr. Roy Wood, department head of the Scottish Hotel School at the University of Strathclyde in Scotland—one of the United Kingdom's premier hotel management programs—emphasizes that, "graduates from hospitality programs are very attractive to other industries. "
Most hotel management curriculums offer a range of major area courses, including food and beverage management, culinary theory and practice, hotel development and planning, restaurant management and hotel operations. As with most business schools, the majority of the course-work will be fulfilled in required courses for management, accounting, marketing and economics. Additionally, students may take elective courses in chemistry, environmental science, information technology, psychology, sociology, writing and languages.
Courses vary by length, credentials earned, focus and language of instruction. Many European undergraduate programs last from 24 to 30 months and award a diploma upon graduation. IHTTI in Neuchatel, Switzerland offers a three-year degree program in conjunction with the University of Bournemouth. University courses take three or four years to complete, usually earning the student a Bsc. Graduate schools require a one-to-two-year commitment.
Hotel management programs are widely available in Europe and North America, yet virtually non-existent elsewhere. For this reason, these programs attract a culturally diverse student body. In some cases, 95% of the students are foreign born. At HOSTA, in Switzerland, the students are expatriates from 40 nations.
While English and French are the most common languages on campus, as well as within the hospitality industry, students are encouraged to learn several languages to enhance their careers.
"Each (educational host) country has its strengths," explains Roy Wood, "For example, Switzerland is recognized for producing graduates who are strong in food, beverage and accommodation management and the United States is known for its expertise in operations. "
Switzerland has long been regarded as the traditional seat of the hospitality industry. No list of preeminent hotel schools would omit the Ecole Hoteliere de Lausanne which began as a school for children whose families were in the hotel business. It would also include: Center International; the Swiss Hotel Association Hotel Management School, " Les Roches "; the SCHHs Institute Hotelier "Cesar" Ri
第3题
Most people in a port city are engaged in international trade and finance.
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
第4题
第5题
The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist desti
nation is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far southern to be a 【M1】______
convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much further than a 【M2】______
relatively cheap half-day's flight away from the big tourist markets. Chile,
therefore, is having to fight hard to attract tourists, to convince travelers
that it is worthwhile coming halfway round the world to visit. 【M3】______
Like all South American countriss, Chile sees to urism as a valuable
earner of foreign currency, although it has been far more serious than most
in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable political within the region, 【M4】______
it has benefited from the problems suffering in other areas. In Peru, 【M5】______
guerrilla war in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and 【M6】______
fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as
a dream destination for foreigners.
More than 150,000 people are directly involved in Chile's tourist
sector, an industry which earns the country more than $ 950 million each
year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in partner with a number of 【M7】______
private companies, is currently running a worldwide campaign, takes part 【M8】______
in trade fairs and international events to attract visitors to Chile. Chile's
great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the
parching Atacama Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the 【M9】______
south, it is more than 5000km long. With the Pacific on one side and the
Andean mountains on the other, Chile boasts in natural attractions. Its 【M10】______
beaches are not up to Caribbean standards but resorts, such as Vina del Mar
are generally clean and unspoilt and have a high standard ofservice.
【M1】
第6题
Why does the author call this article "Conquest by Patents"?
A.Because most trade agreements are unfair to developing nations
B.Because patents cost too much money for developing nations
C.Because industrialized countries do not pay their debts to developing nations
D.Because natural resources are a source of power for developing nations
第7题
A.secret
B.private
C.intimate
D.confidential
第8题
What basic problems are we told most trade unions face?
A.They are not equal in size or influence.
B.They are not organized efficiently.
C.They are less powerful than employers' organizations
D.They do not have enough members
第9题
?Read the article below about.
?Choose the best sentence to fill in each of the gaps.
?For each gap 8-12, mark on letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.
?Do not use any letter more than once.
The Steady Progress of APEC
It is a measure of APEC' s success that its summit meetings (stating with the first held in 1993 at Seattle in USA) are now held annually. The second was held in 1994 at Bogor in lndonesia. It adopted a declaration to abolish tariffs between all its members by the year 2020. APEC' s developed economies would, however, follow an earlier schedule of freeing trade by 2010. The third summit at Osake (Japan) in November was to stock of the progress towards the free trade goal.
APEC' s progress is even greater considering that until the first Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting of 12 regional foreign and economic ministers in Australia, it was simply a laudable idea. (8) Ever since that fateful Canberra conference in November 1989, APEC has never looked back. The original 12-member forum has 18 members: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Guinea, the Philip-pines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and the United States. The rush to join the APEC club is so great that it had to impose a three-year moratorium on new membership till 1996. (9) When Australia first mooted the proposal to convene a conference for regional cooperation, there was considerable misgiving and scepticism about it. Most ASEAN countries (Association of South East Asian Nations)--Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysin, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand (Vietnam was not a member of them)--were not particularly enthusiastic. (10) Indonesia's Foreign Minister, Ah Alatas, simply wanted any Pacific organization to be an extension of ASEAN. Indonesia's hosting of the APEC surnmit last year, where President Soeharto played a leading role in putting together the free trade declaration, would suggest that Jakarta's earlier misgivings have disappeared. (11) In the lead-up to the Osaka summit, the report card on the free trade agenda (gleaned from the meetings of officials from member countries) did not seem terribly good. The United States, which seeks expanded access (and at a quicker pace) to regional markets, was unhappy with the slowness of Japan to advance the free trade agenda. Japan was the country chairing APEC for 1995. According to MS Sandra Kristoff, the US State Department's Coordinator for APEC, Japan had "to go out there and create a consensus [on free trade], lead a consensus, make this happen ... The United States doubted Japan's free trade credentials and felt that its heart was not in the APEC pledge. Tokyo has wanted a free trade agenda to develop on a voluntary basis. (12)
…………
However, because of America's growing preoccupation in the months ahead with presidential elections, the Clinton administration's impatience and consequent negative rhetoric need not be taken at its face value. Washington cannot afford to ignore or opt out of APEC, with the USA having about $400 billion annual trade with the region.
A The second summit was held in 1994 at Bogor in Indonesia.
B It was felt that a pan-Pacific organization would dwarf 12 ASEAN, which might then lose its reason for being discussed and even its existence.
C But, it was an idea whose time had come.
D It would, however, be naive to suggest that APEC will be all smooth sailing.
E This in itself is a proof of the considerable headway APEC has made in a short period of about six years.
F It needs emphasizing that all APEC members are in favour of regional free trade but all de not favour set time-schedules and their enforcement.
G Washington has not been happy with this approac
第10题
According to the passage, one misses most about the world when one______.
A.is blind
B.is deaf
C.has no senses of taste and touch
D.has no senses of balance and motion