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The AIDS rate in some African countries is_________________(是……是十倍之多) that in America.
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更多“The AIDS rate in some African countries is_________________（是……是十倍之多) that in Americ”相关的问题
第1题
The rate of HIV/AIDS infection in Washington DC
A．is lower than other areas in the US.
B．is even higher than some African nations.
C．is about 20% of the city population.
D．has decreased in the past two years.
第2题
What is the purpose of Bill Smith's AIDS foundation？
A．To prevent people from contracting and spreading AIDS.
B．To carry out research on how to prevent the spread of AIDS.
C．To keep up with the rate of the epidemic growing.
D．To promote AIDS awareness and prevention.
第3题
Sub-Saharan African countries ______.
A．will have the largest world population by 2020
B．have the highest reproductive rate in the world
C．are only modestly affected by AIDS
D．will have increasingly long life spans
第4题
AIDS means that the immune system of a person has gone wrong. The immune system is the biological system in your body which fights off diseases. This system is composed mostly of what are commonly termed "white blood cells."
These cells are the hunters in the body. When a virus, such as the common cold, invades the body, the white blood cells rush to the invader and kill it.
While these blood cells are busy killing an invader, the body's immune system is said to "be under attack." If another virus or bacteria enters the body at the same time as the white blood cells are busy fighting off an invader, the second attacker has a better chance of injuring the rest of the body's system.
Scientists found the virus that causes AIDS and named it HIV. The HIV virus attacks the white blood cells and kills them, thus preventing these white cells from carrying on their important work of killing the other invading viruses.
We cannot tell if a person has an HIV infection just by looking at him. And here lies part of the problem about the spread of HIV infection among people. For at least the first few years after a person has contracted the HIV virus, there are no indications that the person has the HIV virus in his/her bloodstream.
However, during this time the person carrying the virus can pass it onto other people through intimate sexual relations or sharing blood with them.
Then how do we know if we have HIV or not？ The answer is simple. Have an HIV blood test. This simple, painless AIDS test will take only a few minutes of your time, and, if you are at all in doubt about whether you might have contracted the HIV virus, it is a life-saving endeavor.
第5题
Chimpanzees
Chimpanzees(黑猩猩) will soon be extinct(灭绝). If the present rate of hunting and habitat(栖息地) destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy(悲剧). Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications(含意) for the survival of their distant relatives—human beings.
In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes(基因组) match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests, which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically, chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority (优先). But there is another, more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.
The chimpanzees' trump card(王牌) comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians(兽医) often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. In particular, chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting.
For example, chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV, the virus that causes Aids. Indeed, their use as experimental animals in Aids research has declined because they are so resistant.
By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing(找到) the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans, scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This, they hope, will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration(改变) of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.
A. Reasons for HIV resistance
B. Implications of chimpanzee extinction for humans
C. Effective Aids treatment
D. Genetic similarities between chimps and humans
E. Resistance to HIV
F. Genetic differences between chimps and humans
Paragraph 1 ______
第6题
Minister, Distinguished Delegates,
I am very pleased to join you today on behalf of UNAIDS, the Joint United Nations Program that brings together in a focus on AIDS our eight co-sponsoring organizations—the International Labor Organization was officially signed on as our most recent co-sponsor, less than two weeks ago. [TONE]//[TONE]
The HIV epidemic around the globe is continuing to grow—every day, the world sees 15,000 new HIV infections and 8,000 deaths as a result of AIDS. Month by month, AIDS spreads even further. At the beginning of October, a new report was issued by the collaborative group, known as "Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic". This report on trends in the epidemic in Asia and the Pacific noted that in Indonesia, for example, HIV is beginning to emerge strongly where for many years it has been absent. [TONE]∥[TONE]
Across Asia, they concluded, the epidemic is spreading both among populations with the highest risk of exposure and the population at large. In three Asian countries—Thailand, Cambodia and Myanmar, more than 2 per cent of the total adult population is HIV infected. Across the whole of the region, at least 7 million people are living with HIV. [TONE]∥[TONE]
This report shows that looking only at overall national HIV prevalence can give a misleading impression. In countries with large populations—like Indonesia, India or China—millions of people are affected and prevalence in some groups is high. In India, for example, HIV has moved beyond sex workers, injecting drug users and men who have sex with men. India now has nearly four million people living with HIV, and in three states, testing among pregnant women has shown HIV rates above three per cent. [TONE]∥[TONE]
Across the world, 60 million people have been infected with HIV since the epidemic began. Sub- Saharan Africa has been worst affected with seven countries where more than 20% of adults are infected. If we translate these statistics into everyday life, they mean that in these countries today, a 15 year-old faces a 50% risk that they will be infected over their lifetime. They mean that even a relatively wealthy country like South Africa, by the end of the decade is facing a GDP reduced by 17 per cent as a result of AIDS. [TONE]∥[TONE]
Over the past few years, Eastern Europe has seen the fastest rate of HIV growth. For example, the Russian Federation shows the explosive growth of an epidemic fuelled by injecting drug—in a single year in 2000, there were more new HIV infections than in all the previous years of the epidemic combined, and the same rate of growth has continued in 2001. [TONE]∥[TONE]
Cities where HIV was unknown two years ago have reported that now the majority of injecting drug users have become infected, and infections are spreading to their sexual partners and wider. Nearly every region now reports HIV cases. [TONE]∥[TONE]
AIDS is not only a global epidemic of an infectious disease, it is a development issue and at the core of human security. Only by working together with strong determination can we ensure the prosperity of the entire population. [TONE]∥[TONE]
第7题
【M1】
第8题
A New Medicine to Treat Both AIDS and Hepatitis B
A medicine approved last month to treat AＩDS (爱滋病) also shows promise against hepatitis B (乙型肝炎).
The drug, 3TC, puts down the hepatitis B virus in people with chronic infections, stopping its damage to the liver, researchers reported.
About one million Americans are thought to be infected with hepatitis B, which can lead to cirrhosis (肝硬化), liver failure and liver cancer in a small proportion of victims if left untreated.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿(46)
"It's a preliminary study, but this is promising, it looks like it has the potential to make a significant impact on hepatitis B," said Dr Jules L. Dienstag of Massachusetts General Hospital, who directed the study.
Currently, the only treatment for hepatitis B is interferon (干扰素). Such a treatment can permanently eliminate the virus in about one-third of patients. ＿＿＿＿＿＿(47)
In the latest study, doctors found that 3TC appeared to knock out the virus
permanently in about 20% of patients when given for three months.＿＿＿＿(48)
Unlike interferon, 3TC is given in pill form. and carries few side effects. The drug was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in November for use against AIDS.
Both the hepatitis B virus and the AIDS virus need a protein to reproduce.
＿＿＿＿＿(49) Doctors have tested similar AIDS drugs against hepatitis B． But all except 3TC have turned out to be ineffective or too toxic (有毒的).
Dr Jay Hoofnagle of the National Institutes of Health said a next step will be to combine 3TC with interferon to see if the two drugs together improve the chance of curing hepatitis B． "It looks extremely promising," he said of 3TC． ＿＿＿＿＿(50)
A． 3TC is One of a group of drugs that block production of this protein.
B．Interferon must be injected for four to six months and often has unpleasant side effects, including flu-like symptoms, fatigue and depression.
C． The hospital is among the biggest ones in America.
D．Dienstag said he hopes that with longer treatment, this response rate can be
doubled.
E． "It's not the answer, but it's a step in the right direction."
F． Perhaps 20% of these patients have lingering (迁延性的) infections that would benefit from treatment.
第 46 题 请选择（46）处的最佳答案．
第9题
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), is a kind of human viral disease (病毒病) that damages the immune system, weakening the body's ability to defend itself from infection and disease. Caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), AIDS leaves an infected person vulnerable to opportunistic infections. Such infections are harmless in healthy people, but in those whose immune systems have been greatly weakened, they can prove fatal. Although there is no cure for AIDS, new drugs are available that can lengthen the life spans and improve the quality of life of infected people.
Infection with HIV does not necessarily mean that a person has AIDS. Some people who have HIV infection may not develop any of the clinical illnesses that define the disease of AIDS for ten years or more. Physicians prefer to use the term AIDS for cases where a person has reached the final, life threatening stage of H1V infection.
AIDS was first identified in 1981 among homosexual (同性恋) men and drug users in New York and California. Shortly after its detection in the United States, evidence of AIDS epidemics (流行) grew among heterosexual (异性恋) men, women, and children in Africa. AIDS quickly developed into a worldwide epidemic, affecting virtually every nation. By 2002 an estimated 38.6 million adults and 3.2 million children worldwide were living with HIV infection or AIDS. The World Health Organization (WHO), a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN), estimates that from 1981 to the end of 2002 about 20 million people died as a result of AIDS. About 4.5 million of those who died were children under the age of 15.
North America
In the United States about 40,000 new HIV infections occur each year. More than 30 percent of these infectious occur in women, and 60 percent occur in ethnic minorities. In 2001 mere than 800,000 U.S. residents were infected with HIV, and more than 300,000 people were living with full-blown (全面的) AIDS. In Canada about 4,200 new HIV infectious occur each year. Nearly 25 percent of these infections occur in women. In 2002 about 55,000 Canadians were living with HIV infection and about 18,000 people were living with full-blown AIDS.
The incidence of new cases of HW infections and AIDS deaths has significantly decreased in Canada and the United States since 1995. This decrease is attributed to the availability of new drug treatments and public health programs that target people most at risk for infection. But while the overall rate of HIV infection seems to be on a downturn (低迷时期), certain populations appear to be at greater risk for the disease. In the United States in 1987, Caucasians (白种人) accounted for 60 percent of AIDS cases and blacks and Hispanics only 39 percent. But by 2000 the trend had reversed: 26 percent of new eases were diagnosed in Caucasians and 73 percent in blacks and Hispanics. Likewise the number of female AIDS patients in the United States has increased significantly in recent years, from 7 percent of all AIDS cases in 1985 to 30 percent in 2000. In the United States, African American and Hispanic women accounted for 82 percent of AIDS cases among women in 2000.
Europe
In western Europe the first cases of AIDS were detected in the early 1980s, and by the late 1990s, at least 30,000 new HIV infections occurred each year. In 2002 about 570,000 western Europeans were HIV positive, and 25 percent of these cases were women. Before the dissolution (解散) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (US.SR) in 1991, eastern Europe reported few HIV cases. But since 1995, HIV infection has spread rapidly in cities of several eastern European countries. The WHO estimates that the total number of HIV infections in this region may have risen from less than 30,000 in 1995 to about 1 million in 2002.
Developing Nations
While eases of AIDS have been reported in every nat
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第10题
There【C4】______now both good news and bad news. The good news is that scientists【C5】______believe, based on the recent advances of modem medicine,【C6】______it is possible to tame cancer in the next decade, transforming it from a scary disease to something【C7】______a chronic(慢性的)disease, like diabetes.【C8】______no one expects a cure for cancer in the near future, but many think that the hi-tech may finally【C9】______more effective treatment, making the issue much【C10】______
The【C11】______news is,【C12】______, about the current【C13】______Cancer rates are expected to increase at an alarming rate globally,【C14】______the most recent data from the World Health Organization. In 2000, 6 million people worldwide died from cancer. A sharp increase in new cases is predicted,【C15】______from 10 million new cases worldwide in 2000 to 15 million in 2020. In China,【C16】______20 percent of all deaths are【C17】______to cancer, some 2 million people developed a malignant tumor(恶性肿瘤)in 2000,【C18】______one fifth of the world's total.【C19】______those people, 1.5 million have died, accounting for one quarter of the global mortality. There is no doubt that cancer has become a【C20】______killer of mankind.
【C1】
A．predict
B．remember
C．forget
D．remind
