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How many categories do speech acts fall into according to John Searle？
A．Three.
B．Four
C．Five
D．Six
答案
更多“How many categories do speech acts fall into according to John Searle？A．Three.B．FourC．Five”相关的问题
第1题
A.predicate
B.object
C.subject
D.adverbial
第2题
Approximately how many submissions were received for the contest？
A．3
B．10
C．33
D．150
第3题
A.there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctions
B.more phyla and classes of life are represented in the sea
C.many insect species are too small to be divided into categories
D.marine life forms reproduce at a faster rate
第4题
Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.
It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.
Finally, it is worth noticed that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.
How many categories can language be classified into？
A．One.
B．Two.
C．Three.
D．Four.
第5题
Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels.Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember.There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful.Many people, for instance, learn a rhyme to help them remember.Do you know the rhyme "Thirty days has September, April, June, and November..."？ It helps many people remember which months of the year have 30 day s.
Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order？ Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.One example of organization is chunking.C hunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.For example, the number 4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467, 13, 63.Categorizing is another means of organization.Suppose you are asked to remember the following list of wor ds: man, bench, dog, desk, woman, horse, child, cat, chair.Many people will group the words into similar categories and remember them as follows: man, woman, child; cat, dog, horse; bench, chair, desk.Needless to say, the second list can be remembered mo re easily than the first one.
Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.In memorizing a number, you might try to associate it with familiar numbers or events.For example, the heigh t of Mount Fuji in Japan -12,389 feet -might be remembered using the following associations: 12 is the number of months in the year, and 389 is the number of days in a year (365) added to the number of months twice (24).
The last principle is visualizati on.Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered.In one study, subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery, while the second group used repetiti on to learn the words.Those using imagery remembered 80 to 90 percent of the words, compared with 30 to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition.Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental pict ure can help us to preserve a memory.
1.What kind of information is easy for us to remember？()
A.Information that does not make any sense to us
B.Information that we are not familiar with
C.Information that is meaningful to us
D.Information that we are not interested in
2.Which of the following pairs are rhymes？()
A.horse—house
B.right---white
C.come----home
D.how---low
3.The second list of words in para.3 is organized according to().
A.the rhyme
B.the word category
C.th e first letters of words
D.the meanings
4.Books are kept in a library().
A.according to their size
B.in random order
C.in a jumbled way
D.in different categories
5.What method can better help form. a whole mental picture about the ti ngs to be remembered？()
A.Grouping
B.Repetition
C.Imagery
D.Association
第6题
One City, Two Visions
Experts differ in method, but agree that people make a city prosper.
What should be the next step after a city has become a domestic success in almost every field？
"Have more internationally competent talents prepared," one expert answered.
"It should learn more about how to learn," said another.
They were speaking about Shanghai and both assertions (断言) refer to the quality of people, and the belief that any further development of the city requires talented individuals who have both professional expertise (专门知识) and international vision.
Comments from an article entitled "On Internationally Competent Talents," by Miao Qihao, Deputy Director of the Shanghai Library, which was published in the Hong Kong- based Wen Wei Po on October 12, 2003, add some insights into this interesting and very relevant social issue.
"Internationally competent talents, in many occasions these days, have become the equivalent of haigui (Chinese who have gone abroad to study or work and then returned), but I don't quite agree with this," says Miao.
He explains his definition of internationally competent talents as having various categories, including foreign professionals and haigui who, according to a more accurate term suggested by the United Nations specifically referring to talent backflow from developed countries to developing ones, is "reserve brain drain (人才流失)." These expertise and knowledge of these two kinds of arrivals, Miao concludes, certainly add more international flavor to Shanghai's economy and culture.
The real challenge for Shanghai to foster a strong contingent of internationally competent talents, Miao maintains, is not only expanding the first two categories, but for local professionals to upgrade themselves to international standards. "They are the largest part and their quality to a large degree determines the quality of human capital of the whole city," he adds.
But for those who have never been abroad, under what conditions can they be regarded as "international talents"？ Diplomas and English proficiency？ Practical criteria, but much too simplified. According to Miao, ethical virtues and professional expertise are essential, in addition to three other qualities, namely, understanding of international practices and rules, cross-culture communication, and global vision.
We are not calling for know-alls, but for professionals who have professional knowledge, Miao clarifies in his definition of understanding of international practices. For example, human resource managers of academic institutions should be able to tell qualified foreign university diploma from false ones, he adds.
As for international rules, Miao raises an example of a Chinese export company that was stunned by the emerging technological barrier in the European market. Though the new regulation was published half a year earlier on the official website, ignorance to international rules made the company believe that the once warm and extravagant reception they extended to their European clients would exempt (免除) them from any restriction.
Skills in communication with people speaking different languages and having different cultural backgrounds, in Miao's opinion, are another essential but lacked capability. The English name of a Shanghai organization, for instance, sounds like "hang you", which may confuse or even frighten its foreign clients. Many may attribute this to insufficient English ability, but overlook the problem of cross-culture communication lying deeply beneath.
"Think global, Act local," a slogan Miao cites to illustrate his understanding of global spirit and vision. "Global" is a big word, but it can also be reflected in very practical local actions. Printing name cards with recycled paper, for example, is a p
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第7题
Most words are "lexical words", i.e. nouns signifying "things", the
majority of which are abstract concepts rather than physical objects in the
world; only "proper nouns" have specific and unique referents in the everyday
Line world. The communicative function of a fully-functioning language requires the
(5) scope of reference beyond the particularity of the individual instance. While
each leaf, cloud or smile is different from all others, effective communication
requires general categories or "universals". Anyone who has attempted to
communicate with people who do not share their language will be familiar with
the limitations of simply pointing to things, given that the vast majority of
(10) lexical words in a language exist on a high level of abstraction and refer to
classes of things such as "buildings" or to concepts like "construction".
We lose any one-to-one correspondence of word and thing the moment we
group instances into classes. Other than lexical words, language consists of
"function words" or grammatical words, such as "only" and "under" which do
(15) not refer to objects in the world at all, and many more kinds of signs other than
simple nouns. The notion of words as labels for concepts assumes that ideas
exist independently of words and that ideas are established in advance before the
introduction of linguistic structure. Clearly, language is not limited to naming
things existing in the physical world, but includes non-existent objects and ideas
(20) well.
The nomenclaturist stance, in viewing words as labels for pre-existing
ideas and objects, attempts unsuccessfully to reduce language to the purely
referential function of naming things. Things do not exist independently of the
sign systems which we use; "reality" is created by the media which seem simply
(25) to represent it. Language does not simply name pre-existing categories;
categories do not exist in "the world" .e.g. "where are the boundaries of a
cloud; when does a smile begin". Such an emphasis on reality as invariably
perceptually seamless may be an exaggeration; our referential categories do
seem to bear some relationship to certain features which seem to be inherently
(30) salient. Within a language, many words may refer to "the same thing" but
reflect different evaluations of it. For example, "one person's 'hovel' is
another person's 'home'"
Meanwhile, the signified of a word is subject to historical change. In this
sense, "reality" or "the world" is created by the language we use: this
(35) argument insists on the primacy of the signifier. Even if we do not adopt the
radical stance that "the real world" is a product of our sign systems, we must
still acknowledge the lack of signifiers for many things in the empirical world
and that there is no parallel correlation between most words and objects in the
known world at all. Thus, all words are "abstractions", and there is no direct
(40) correspondence between words and "things" in the world.
The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
A．refuting a belief held by one school of linguistics
B．reviewing an interesting feature of language
C．illustrating the confusion that can result from the improper use of language
D．suggesting a way in which languages can be made more nearly perfect
E．surveying new interesting areas of research in the field of linguistics
第8题
Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.
Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Americans are well known for the strange diets they always seem to be following. It seems that Americans like to 47 almost as much as they like to eat. New types of diet plans are always coming out. Usually, though,they don&39;t stay 48 for long.
There are many diets on the market. It is often difficult to know which ones really work. It&39;s also hard to believe how fast a dieter is supposed to 49 pounds. A lot has been written about dieting. And some interesting 50 about diets and foods have been discovered.
For example,did you know that the more celery you eat,the more 51 you will lose？ Celery has “ 52 ” calories.The body burns up more calories 53 a piece of celery than there are in the celery stick itself.
Dieters shun pototaes because they think they are 54 .But they aren’t.A potato has about the same numeber of 55 as an apple.To gain a single pound,you would have to eat eleven pounds of potatoes.Some dieters even worry about getting fat from licking postage stamps.But they have nothing to worry about.The glue on an 56 stamp has only about-tenth of a calorie.Maybe a diet of postage stamps would be populat？
A)diet B)negative C)weight
D)average E)facts F)complete
G)gain H)categories I)popular
J)digesting K)snatch L)calories
M)fattening N)shed
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
第9题
Why do we Dream？
For centuries, we've tried to figure out just why our brains play these nightly shows for us. Early civilizations thought dream worlds were real, physical worlds that they could enter only from their dream state. Researchers continue to toss around many theories about dreaming. Those theories essentially fall into two categories:
The idea that dreams are only physiological stimulations
The idea that dreams are psychologically necessary
Physiological theories are based on the idea that we dream in order to exercise various neural connections that some researchers believe affect certain types of learning. Psychological theories are based on the idea that dreaming allows us to sort through problems or events of the day or things that are requiring a lot of our attention. Some of these theorists think dreams might be prophetic. Many researchers and scientists also believe that perhaps it is a combination of the two theories.
Dreaming and the Brain
When we sleep, we go through five sleep stages. The first stage is a very light sleep from which it is easy to wake up. The second stage moves into a slightly deeper sleep, and stages three and four represent our deepest sleep. Our brain activity throughout these stages is gradually slowing down so that by deep sleep, we experience nothing but delta brain waves--the slowest brain waves. About 90 minutes after we go to sleep and after the fourth sleep stage, we begin REM sleep.
Rapid eye movement(REM)was discovered in 1953 by University of Chicago researchers Eugene Aserinsky, a graduate student in physiology, and Nathaniel Kleitman, Ph. D. , chair of physiology. REM sleep is primarily characterized by movements of the eyes and is the fifth stage of sleep.
How to Improve Your Dream Recall
It is said that five minutes after the end of a dream, we have forgotten 50 percent of the dream's content. Ten minutes later, we've forgotten 90 percent of its content. Why is that？ We don't forget our daily actions that quickly. The fact that they are so hard to remember makes their importance seem less.
There are many resources both on the Web and in print that will give you tips on how to improve your recall of dreams. Those who believe we have a lot to learn about ourselves from our dreams are big proponents of dream journals. Here are some steps you can take to increase your dream recall:
When you go to bed, tell yourself you will remember your dreams.
Set your alarm to go off every hour and a half so you'll wake up around the times that you leave REM sleep--when you're most likely to remember your dreams.(Or, drink a lot of water before you go to bed to ensure you have to wake up at least once in the middle of the night!)
Keep a pad and pencil next to your bed.
Try to wake up slowly to remain within the "mood" of your last dream.
Common Dream Themes and Their Interpretations
Being naked in public
Most of us have had the dream at some point that we're at school, work or some social event, and we suddenly realize we forgot to put on clothes! Experts say this means:
We're trying to hide something(and without clothes we have a hard time doing that).
We're not prepared for something, like a presenta
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
