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In our time it is broadly true that political writing is bad writing. Where it is not tru

e, it will generally be found that the writer is some kinds of rebel,【M1】______ expressing his private opinions and not a "party line." Orthodoxy, of whichever【M2】______ color, seems to demand a lifeless, imitative style. The political dialects to be found in pamphlets, leading articles, manifestoes, white papers and the speeches of undersecretaries do, of course, vary from party to party, but they are all like in that one almost never finds in them a fresh, vivid, home-【M3】______ made turn of speaking. When one watches some tired hack on the platform【M4】______ mechanically repeated the familiar phrases, one often has a curious feeling【M5】______ that one is not watching live human being but some kind of dummy: a feeling【M6】______ which suddenly becomes stronger at moments when the light catches the speakers spectacles and turns them to blank discs which seem to have no eyes【M7】______ behind them. And this is not altogether fanciful. A speaker who uses that kind of phraseology has gone some distance toward turning him into a ma-【M8】______ chine. The appropriate noises are coming out of his larynx, but his brain is not involved as it would be if he was choosing his words for himself. If the【M9】______ speech he is making up is one that he is accustomed to make over and over【M10】______ again, he may be almost unconscious of what he is saying, as one is when one utters the responses in church.

【M1】

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发布时间：2019-07-22

更多“In our time it is broadly true that political writing is bad writing. Where it is not tru”相关的问题

第1题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 Making Light of SleepAll we have a clock located inside our brain

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

Making Light of Sleep

All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your intemal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle.-This cycle, called a circadian rhythm, helps control when you wake,when you eat and when you sleep.＜br＞

Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it&39;s time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up for several hours more.＜br＞

And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.＜br＞

This shift is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body&39;s clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud when they don&39;t get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at BrownUniversity. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.＜br＞

But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How？ By using the light it gets through your eyes. Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years,researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body&39;s clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.＜br＞

But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it&39;s day or night.

The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because __________. 查看材料

A.it controls when we wake， when we eat and when we sleep

B.it has a cycle of 24 hours

C.it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm

D.it can alarm any time during 24 hours

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第2题

请根据短文内容，回答题。 Kicking the HabitWhat is a bad habit？ The most definition is that

请根据短文内容，回答题。

Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit？ The most definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human.＜br＞

Many early habits, like sucking out thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of our life, and becomes "programmed" into our brain.＜br＞

A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change out habits,it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study program, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same picture again, and gave them new words to associate with them.＜br＞

A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures,and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and second. Two weeks later,they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.＜br＞

The study confirms that theresponses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.＜br＞

We may try to change out ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way.＜br＞

The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behavior. This is not good news for people who pick up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previous learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.

Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第3题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

The First Four Minutes

When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends？ During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, Contact: The first four minutes, he offers this advice to anyone __________ (46): "Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. A lot of people&39;s whole lives would change if they did just that."＜br＞

You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. He keeps looking over the other person&39;s shoulder, as if __________ (47).＜br＞

If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.＜br＞

When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves."＜br＞

On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his own needs,fears, and hopes.＜br＞

Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I&39;m not a friendly, self-confident person. That&39;s not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way".＜br＞

In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us __________ (48). We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one."＜br＞

But isn&39;t it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don&39;t actually feel that way？ Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one&39;s health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one&39;s opinions and impressions.＜br＞

Much of __________ (49) also applies to relationships with family members and friends. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.＜br＞

The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on __________ (50). That is at least as imPortant as how much we know.＜

第46题___________ 查看材料

A.feel comfortable about changing our social habits

B.what has been said about strangers

C.how we get along with other people

D.interested in starting new friendships

E.hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room

F.who has made friends with everyone

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第4题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe？What is the coldest air t

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe？

What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on Earth？ Where was this low temperature recorded？ The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -90℃, which __________ (51) in Antarctica (南极洲 ) in 1983.＜br＞

We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in __________ (52).＜br＞

Temperatures in Earth orbit (轨道) actually range from about + 120℃ to -120℃. The temperature depends upon __________ (53) you are in direct sunlight or in shade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can __________ (54) endure.＜br＞

The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar __________ (55).Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel __________ (56) from the Sun.＜br＞

Scientists estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe？ Again, it depends upon your __________ (57). We are taught it is supposedly __________ (58) to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is -273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, Cornell and Wieman, have successfully __________ (59)down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work--not a discovery, in this case.＜br＞

Why is the two scientists&39; work so important to science？＜br＞

In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting __________ (60) about special light particles (微粒) we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble __________ (61) other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein&39;s calculations helped him theorize that atoms __________ (62) behave as Bose thought--but only at very cold temperatures.＜br＞

Scientists have also discovered that ultra-cold (超冷) atoms can help them make the world&39;s atomic clocks even __________ (63) accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second __________ (64) six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity (速度) times time (d=υt). With the long distances involved in space__________ (65), we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.＜

_________ 查看材料

A.operated

B.occurred

C.opened

D.offered

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第5题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 The Robot ManAccording to Hans Moravec, universal robots will tak

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

The Robot Man

According to Hans Moravec, universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in, leaving us with little housework to do. Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings. In new situations they&39;ll be able to adapt, unlike today&39;s mobile industrial robots. These robots will have the computing power, to cope with simple speech and text recognition, and will be used for tasks such as domestic cleaning.＜br＞

The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn.＜br＞

Second generation robots are programed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure" and "pain" stimuli. For example, a collision provokes a negative response, a completed task would be positive.＜br＞

Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three. This robot can build internal simulations of the word around it. Before beginning a task, it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems. If it has a free moment, it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to fred a better way of doing things next time. It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation. For the fast time, we have here a robot that can think.＜br＞

By the time we get to generation four in 2040, Moravec predicts that robots will be able. to match human reasoning and behaviour, generalise abstract ideas from specific experience, and conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as "earn a living" or "make more robots".＜br＞

(宣告 ) runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in＜br＞

The Moravec manifesto generation one, they&39;ll begin to take on many tasks in industry. Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force, the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become low-cost commodity items, that they&39;ll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of lots of housework.＜br＞

With increasing automation in generations two and three, the length of the average working day will plummet, eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry, but the service economy too. Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass (超越) our human limitations.＜br＞

These future machines will be our "mind children". Like biological children of previous generations, they will embody humanity&39;s best hope for a long-term future.

What will be the distinctive feature of the second generation robots？查看材料

A.They will be able to learn by themselves

B.They will be able to recognize speeches and texts

C.They will be able to predict problems

D.They will be able to match human reasoning and behavior

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第6题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 Style， Not FashionStyle. goes way beyond fashion: It is the dist

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

Style， Not Fashion

Style. goes way beyond fashion: It is the distinctive way we put ourselves together. It is a unique blend of spirit and substance-personal identity imposed oil and created through the world Of things. __________ (46) It is what people really want when they aspire to be fashionable. (if they aren&39;t just adorning themselves in status symbols).＜br＞

Through clothes, were invent ourselves every time we get dressed. Our wardrobe is our visual vocabulary. Style. is our distinctive pattern of speech, our individual poetry.＜br＞

Fashion is the least of it. Style. is, for starters, one part identity: self-awareness and self-knowledge. __________ (47) And style. requires security-feeling at home in your body,physically and mentally. Of course, like all knowledge, self-knowledge must be updated as you grow evolve; style. takes ongoing self-assessment.＜br＞

Style. is also one part personality: spirit: verve, attitude, wit, inventiveness. It demands the desire and confidence to express whatever mood one wishes. Such variability is not only necessary but a reflection of a person&39;s unique complexity as a human being. __________ (48) In order to work, style. must reflect the real self, the character and personality of the individual; anything less appears to be a costume？＜br＞

Lastly, style. is one part fashion. It&39;s possible to have lots of clothes and not an ounce of style.＜br＞

But it&39;s also possible to have very few clothes and lots of style. Yes, fashion is the means through which we express style, but it takes fewer clothes to be stylish than you might imagine.＜br＞

Whatever else it is, style. is optimism made visible. Style. presumes that you are a person of interest: that the world is a place of interest that life is worth making the effort for. It also shows that you are morally responsible. It shows that you don&39;t buy things at the whim of the marketplace or the urging of marketers. __________ (49) Style. exposes people&39;s ambivalence over good looks.＜br＞

It always demonstrates that appearances do count. Deep down we suspect this, since we ourselves make judgments about others from how they look.＜br＞

No one should be penalized for not having style, of course, but those who have it are distinctive and thus more memorable. __________ (50) They announce to the world that they are in command of themselves.

第46题___________ 查看材料

A.It is a way of capturing something vibrant， making a statement about ourselves in clothes.

B.Fashion is part of style.

C.Rather， you focus on what is personally suitable and expressive.

D.You can"t have style. until you have a sense of who you are.

E.They create a unique identity for themselves and express it through grooming and a few well-chosen clothes.

F.People want to be themselves and to be seen as themselves.

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第7题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 Intelligent Machines（1) Medical scientists are already putting co

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

Intelligent Machines

(1) Medical scientists are already putting computer chips (芯片) directly into the brain to help people who have Parkinson&39;s disease, but in what other ways might computer technology be able to help us？ Ray Kurzweil is author of the successful book The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one of the world&39;s best Computer research scientists. He is researching the possibilities.＜br＞

(2) Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices. An example of this is Ramona, the virtual (虚拟的 ) hostess of Kurzweil&39;s homepage, who is programmed to understand what you say. Visitors to the site can have their conversations with her, and Ramona also dances and sings.＜br＞

(3) Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities. One of his ideas is a"seeing machine". "This will be like a friend that could describe what is going on in thevisible world," he explains. Blind people will use a visual sensor (探测器) which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses. This sensor will describe to the person everything it sees.＜br＞

(4) Another idea, which is likely to help deaf people, is the "listening machine". This invention will recognize millions of words and understand any speaker. The listening machine will be able to translate into other languages, so even people without heating problems are likely to be interested in using it.＜br＞

(5) But it is not just about helping people with disabilities. Looking further into the future,Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness onto a computer. This technology probably won&39;t be ready for at least 50 years, but when it arrives, it means our mind will be able to live forever.

Paragraph 2 __________ 查看材料

A.A new pair of ears

B.Computers that can communicate

C.Everlasting consciousness on a computer

D.Time to break off a friendship

E.An author and researcher

F.A new pair of eyes

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第8题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 The Differences in Living StandardsThe differences in living stan

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

The Differences in Living Standards

The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993, the average American had an income of about $25,000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned $7,000, and the average Nigerian earned $1,500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years, and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.＜br＞

What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time？ The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries&39; productivity- that is, the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker&39;s time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a nation&39;s productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.＜br＞

The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards, other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.＜br＞

The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards, policy makers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.

Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history？查看材料

A.Mexico

B.The United States

C.Japan

D.South Korea

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第9题

请根据短文内容，回答题。 A Sunshade for the PlanetEven with the best will in the world, redu

请根据短文内容，回答题。

A Sunshade for the Planet

Even with the best will in the world, reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the strongest measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time, resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.＜br＞

Fortunately, if the worst comes to the worse, scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves.＜br＞

For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now, that is. A growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale "geoengineering" projects that might be used to counteract global warming. "I use the analogy of methadone," says Stephen Schneider, a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming. "If you have a heroin addict, the correct treatment is hospitalization, and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse, methadone is better than heroin."＜br＞

Basically the idea is to apply "sunscreen" to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth: launch trillions of feather-light discs into space, where they would form. a vast cloud that would block the sun&39;s rays. It&39;s controversial, but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth&39;s surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 per cent of the incident energy in the sun&39;s rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That could be crucial, because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century, and that would last for at least a century more.

According to the first two paragraphs， the author thinks that __________. 查看材料

A.strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming

B.to reduce carbon emissions is an impossible mission

C.despite the difficulty， scientists have some options to prevent global Warming

D.actions suggested by scientists will never be realized

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第10题

请根据短文内容，回答题。 The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our LivesSugar cane was once a wild

请根据短文内容，回答题。

The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our Lives

Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose (蔗糖) and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant, grown throughout the world. __________ (46)＜br＞

Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery (糖果点心 ) to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable.＜br＞

__________ (47) Many crops withered(枯萎)and died, despite growers&39; attempts to save them, and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.＜br＞

In the 1960s, scientists working in Barbodos looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes, mixing genes from the more delicate, commercial type. __________(48) This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.＜br＞

__________(49) Brazil, which produces one quarter of the world&39;s sugar, has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.＜br＞

Despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes function in sugar cane __________ (50) This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientist believes they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.

第46题___________ 查看材料

A.Eventually， a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before，but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.

B.One major gene has been identified by Dr Angelique D"Hont and her team in Montpelier，France.

C.Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.

D.Since the 1960s， scientists have been analyzing the mysteries of the sugar cane"s genetic code.

E.The majority of the world"s sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.

F.Unfortunately， however， the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.

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第11题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 SleepThe normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hour

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

Sleep

The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours&39; sleep alternation with some 16-17hours&39; wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides __________ (51) the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this __________ (52) can be modified.＜br＞

The question is no mere academic one. The case with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a __________ (53) of growing importance in industry where automation __________ (54) round-the-clock working of machines. It normally __________ (55)from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a __________ (56) routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. __________ (57), it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine __________ (58) he has to change to another, __________ (59) much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very __________ (60).＜br＞

One answer would seem to be __________ (61) periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. __________ (62), recent research has shown that people on such systems will revert to go back to their __________ (63) habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any __________ (64) to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to those permanent night workers whose __________ (65) may persist through all weekends and holidays.

_________ 查看材料

A.in

B.with

C.of

D.over

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