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[主观题]

Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the si

milar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood. There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), the orangutan(猩猩), the gorilla(大猩猩), and the gibbon(长臂猿). They live in the deep forests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. All apes are covered with brown, reddish-brown, or black hair everywhere on their bodies except their faces, feet, and hands. Their hands each have four fingers and a thumb that helps them grip things the way our thumbs help us. But they also have a thumb on each foot instead of a big toe. Thus they can hold things with their feet also. Having short, weak legs, apes do not walk on the ground very much. However, their arms are very strong. This enables them to swing from branches and travel very quickly from tree to tree. These animals live in small family groups that move from place to place in search of vegetables and fruits. They also eat eggs, small animals, nuts, and insects. When they are tired, they build nests in the trees. But they rarely sleep there for more than a night or two. Then they move on to look for more food. There are some differences among the following three kids of apes. The gibbon is never more than three feet high and weight only about fourteen pounds. The gorilla grows to be six feet tall and weight up to 600 pounds. The orangutan is smaller than the gorilla. It stands three to five feet tall and weight up to 200 pounds. Chimpanzees are the smartest of all apes. They can be taught to sit at a table and eat, to dress themselves, and to do things that human children can do. What does the first paragraph tell us?

A.The ape looks like human beings most.

B.People and the ape think alike.

C.People and the ape behave alike.

D.The ape is the most intellectual animal in the world.

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更多“Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the si”相关的问题

第1题

阅读理解There is no doubt that man is a member of the animal kingdom.Anyone who has th
ought about this fact seriously must have wondered how it has come about that man has achieved a position so supreme(最高的) among the myriad(无数的) kinds of animal life.Two characteristics of man, in comparison with all other animals, that stand out above all others are the creation and use of tools and the development and use of language.Since no other animals have achieved these abilities, it must be assumed that man’s evolutionary development led to his capacity to create and use tools and to devise and use language.

Once these abilities and practices evolved, they probably became driving forces in the further evolution of man.Those members of the species who become most proficient(精通的) in the fabrication of tools and in the command of language and thought would tend to survive and maintain their kind for good, at the expense of those of lesser ability.

11.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?()

A.Tools and language are either the effects or the causes of human evolution.

B.No other animals have achieved human abilities.

C.Among the animals, only man is able to use tools and language.

D.Man owns his capacity to making use of tools and language.

12.“Animal kingdom” in the passage refers to ().

A.the place where all animals live

B.the animal society

C.all kinds of animals, including man

D.the forest with animals

13.One important condition for man’s evolution is() .

A.the animal kingdom

B.a supreme position

C.the myriad kinds

D.his natural capacity

14.The phrase “come about” in the passage is likely to mean ________.

A.happened

B.appeared

C.arrived

D.succeeded

15.The last sentence suggests that() .

A.those of lesser ability would be very expensive

B.in order to survive, man has to sacrifice some other animals

C.those who become proficient in making tools can speak well

D.language and thought could be acquired by man

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第2题

Evolution of SleepSleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it

Evolution of Sleep

Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles.

There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style. of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli.

Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seemsclearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all?

Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean.

Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal's vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it? Wilse Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.

Almost all the mammals and birds do sleep.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第3题

Evolution of SleepSleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic (脑电图)sense we s

Evolution of Sleep

Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic (脑电图)sense we share it with all the primates (灵长类)and almost all the other mammals(哺乳动物) and birds. (46)

There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style. of the animal. Predators (捕食者) are much more likely to dream than prey. (47) In dream sleep, the animal can't move and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli(外部刺激). (48) The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized(不能动) by deep sleep than the smart ones.

But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? (49) Wilse Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep.

(50) This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.

A. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals.

B. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep.

C. While prey are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep.

D. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal's vulnerability(易受伤), the function of sleep is to decrease it?

E. It may extend back as far as the reptiles(爬行类动物).

F. Human being is likely to dream.

(46)

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第4题

Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic(脑电图仪的)sense we share it with al

Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic(脑电图仪的)sense we share it with all the primates(灵长类动物)and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles(爬行动物).

There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life style. of the animal, and that predators(食肉动物)are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized(使固定不动)and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved?

Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal's vulnerability, Ray Meddis of London University has suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals that are too stupid to be quite on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.

Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?

A.Evolution of Sleep.

B.Two Types of Sleep.

C.The Original Function of Sleep.

D.Animals and Sleep.

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第5题

Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic (脑电图仪的) sense we share it with

Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic (脑电图仪的) sense we share it with all the primates (灵长类动物) and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles (爬行动物).

There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life style. of the animal, and that predators (食肉动物) are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized (使固定不动) and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved?

Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal's vulnerability, Ray Meddis of London University has suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals that are too stupid to be quite on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.

Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?

A.Evolution of Sleep.

B.Two Types of Sleep.

C.The Original Function of Sleep.

D.Animals and Sleep.

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第6题

Climate, more than any other single factor: determines the distributions of life on Earth.
Climatic boundaries establish the limits within which organisms can survive.

Plants, even more than animals, must be well adapted to climate in order to survive. They cannot move about or take shelter but must be equipped to endure whatever weather conditions are likely to occur.

In the harsh conditions of tundra, for example, low growing mosses, lichens, and a few flowering plants all hug the ground for shelter from icy winds.

Animals, despite their ability to move about and find shelters, are just as much influenced by climate as plants are. Creatures such as the camel and the penguin are so highly specialized that they have as extremely limited distribution. Others, such as bears, are flexible enough to adapt to a broad range of climates. Oceandwelling organisms are just as sensitive to climatic changes—in this case temperature and salinity (含盐量)—as land animals. Reef corals can survive only in clear warm seawater. Certain foraminifers are so sensitive to changes in their environment that their presence can be taken as an index of sea temperature. Human beings are among the least specialized of all animals and can live almost anywhere. Their clothes and their homes act as a sort of "miniature climate" that can be taken with them everywhere.

Which of the following is neither plant nor animal?

A.Tundra

B.Reef coral

C.Penguin

D.Camel

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第7题

Now which are the animals really to be pitied in captivity? First, those clever beings who
se lively urge for activity can find no outlet behind the bars of the cage. This is most conspicuous, even for the uninitiated, in the case of animals which, when living in a free state, are accustomed to roaming about widely. Owing to this frustrated desire, foxes and wolves housed, in many old fashioned zoos, in cages which are far too small, are among the most pitiable of all caged animals.

Though pinioned swans generally seem happy, under proper care, by hatching and rearing their young without any trouble, at migration time things become different: they repeatedly swim to the lee side of the pond, in order to have the whole extent of its surface at their disposal, trying to take off. Again and again the grand preparations end in a pathetic flutter of their half wings; a truly sorry picture!

This, however, rarely awakens the pity of the zoo visitor, least of all when such an originally highly intelligent and mentally alert animal has deteriorated, in confinement, into a crazy idiot, a very caricature of its former self. Sentimental old ladies, the fanatical sponsors of the societies for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, have no compunction in keeping a grey parrot in a relatively small cage or even chained to a perch. Together with the large corvines, the parrots are probably the only birds which suffer from that state of mind, common to prisoners, namely, boredom.

What is an "outlet" in the context of this passage?

A.An opportunity for expression.

B.A place to let.

C.A chance of escape into a wood.

D.An exit for a marketer.

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第8题

阅读材料,回答题。 How does Organisms Ward off InvadersThe livelihood of each species in t

阅读材料,回答题。

How does Organisms Ward off Invaders

The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existence of other organisms.This interdependence is sometimes subtle,some times obvious.Perhaps the most straightforward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites,organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them.The parasitic way of life is widespread.A multitude of microorganisms(including viruses and bacteria,and an army of invertebrates or creatures lacking a spinal column(including crustaceans,insects,and many different types of worms)make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures.In the face of this onslaught,living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.

Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria create substances known as antibiotics into their external environment.These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area,thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients.The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms.For example,when attacked by disease--causing fungi or bacteria,many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders.

Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites.Although these mechanisms vary considerably,all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of“foreign”cells.In fact,throughout the animal kingdom from sponges to certain types of wornls shellfish,and all vertebrates(creatures possessing spinal column)

there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals.

The ability to distinguish between“self”and“non-self”,while present in all animals,is most efficient among vertebrates,which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism.The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.

What does the passage mainly discuss? 查看材料

A.How parasites reproduce

B.How organisms react to invaders

C.How antibiotics work to cure disease

D.How the immune system of vertebrates developed

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第9题

Social distance 查看材料A.A differs among animal specie

Social distance 查看材料

A.A differs among animal species

B.B to psychological distance

C.C begin toattack

D.D to physiological distance

E.E distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing

F.F distance between certain animal species before fleeing

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第10题

Social distance __________. 查看材料A.differs among an

Social distance __________. 查看材料

A.differs among animal species

B.to psychological distance

C.begin to attack

D.to physiological distance

E.distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing

F.distance between certain animal species before fleeing

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