How Personalities and Behaviors are Formed? 1. People have wondered for a long time h - 试题答案网问答

第1题

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It

is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have been developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as nature/nurture .

Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior. patter, ns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior. is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior. is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.

Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B.F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior. is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of the behavior.

Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior. lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

According to the passage, people have wondered for a long time

A. why one is different from another

B. how one has certain personalities and behaviors

C. why one is more intelligent than another

D. why one is cooperative and another is competitive

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第2题

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It i

s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have been developed.As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as nature/nurture .

Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior. patter, ns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior. is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior. is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.

Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B.F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior. is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of the behavior.

Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior. lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

According to the passage, people have wondered for a long time

A．why one is different from another

B．how one has certain personalities and behaviors

C．why one is more intelligent than another

D．why one is cooperative and another is competitive

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第3题

Personality comes from the Latin word "persona" which means "mask". Thus, it can be said t

hat personality is a ' mask' a person wears to face the world. No two persons are identical in terms of personality. A person's tastes and ideas add to the colors of his or her personality. Effectively, personality is the outward reflection of a person's inner self. If John is a person who likes to give to the less fortunate, people will remember him as a kind person. In a sense, personality is the colors of a person.

In the normal walk of life, we come across people who are more popular than others. Popularity is a subjective phenomenon and many a sociologist is still trying to figure out what makes for popularity. A person with a bright personality is usually more popular than a person with a dull personality, right？ Beautiful people are usually more popular than ugly people, right？ Actually, it's hard to pinpoint (确定) what kind of personality is popular and what is unpopular.

Behavior. can be described as the manifestation of personality in response to a situation. No two persons will react to the same situation in the same manner. This is because of the person's personality. Let's take the example of an introvert and an extrovert. We shall create a situation to study how they behave in the same environment. The introvert and the extrovert are placed into two identical rooms at the same time. Every effort is taken to ensure that the environment is the same. They are told to read a book in 2 hours. Then, we ask a group of hooligans (小流氓) to go into the rooms and beat the rooms. How do you think the introvert and the extrovert will behave in such an environment？ We don't know but we know they will behave differently.

Are you satisfied with how your career is turning out？ You may not consciously know it but your personality has a great bearing of your job performance. If you are extremely shy and hate to socialize, you are not cut for a sales job or a PR(公共关系)position. You may try to change your ways and take on a more outgoing style. but you may not be happy. There are some personality characters which are inherent. If you know yourself well, you will find a career that suits your personality and excel in it.

We may infer from the first paragraph that______.

A．we have to face the world with masks

B．personality can be shown through one's actions

C．people's personalities are all fixed through their life

D．people's personalities are totally different from each other

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第4题

Intercultural Team BuildingToday the need to 'go global' and to cut outgoings is demanding

Intercultural Team Building

Today the need to 'go global' and to cut outgoings is demanding that companies combine protecting international interests whilst keeping down staff (21) The solution in most cases has been the forming of intercultural teams.

Undoubtedly, the intercultural dimension of today's teams brings about new challenges. Successful team building not only (22) the traditional needs to harmonise personalities but also languages, cultures, ways of thinking, behaviours and motivations.

The key to successful intercultural team building lies (23) intercultural training. It is one method of helping to blend a team together. Through analysis of the cultures involved in a team, their particular approaches to communication and business and how the team interacts, intercultural team builders are able to find, suggest and use common ground to (24) team members in building harmonious relationships. It helps a team to realise their differences and (25) in areas such as status, hierarchy, decision making, conflict resolution, showing emotion and relationship building in order to create mutually agreed upon structures of communication and interaction. From this (26) teams are then tutored how to recognise future communication difficulties and their cultural roots, empowering the team to become more self-reliant. The end result is a more cohesive and productive team.

In conclusion, for intercultural teams to succeed, it is important to stay (27) to the need for intercultural training to help cultivate (28) relationships. Companies must be supportive, proactive and innovative. This goes (29) financing and creating technological links to bring together intercultural teams at surface level and going back to basics by (30) better interpersonal communication. If international businesses are to grow and prosper in this ever contracting world, intercultural synergy must be a priority.

(21)

A．sums

B．numbers

C．figures

D．values

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第5题

Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child-or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces, we all take this ability for granted.

We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone' s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.

Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone' s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a "nice face" looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a "nice person" ,you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.

There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people' s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing or typing his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms.

People have always tried to "type" each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain' s(坏人)or the hero's role. In fact, the words" person" and "personality" come from the Latin persona, meaning "mask". Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the "good guys" from the "bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.

By using the example of finger prints the author tells us that （）.

A.people can learn to recognize faces

B.people have different personalities

C.people have difficulty in describing the features of finger prints

D.people differ from each other in facial features

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第6题

Passage Four:Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.Faces, like fingerprint

s, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child-or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces, we all take this ability for granted.

We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.

Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face” looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a “nice person”, you might begin to think about someone who was kind considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.

There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms.

People have always tried to “type” each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain’s (坏人) or the hero’s role. In fact, the words “person” and “personality” come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask”. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the “good guys” from the “bad guys” because the two types differ in appearance as well as inactions.

第66题：By using the example of finger prints, the author tells us that ________.

A) people can learn to recognize faces

B) people have different personalities

C) people have difficulty in describing the features of finger prints

D) people differ from each other in facial features

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第7题

？Read this text taken from an article about how an event planner organizes the events and

manages diverse individual personalities and takes control with style. and grace.

？Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.

？For each gap 9—14, mark one letter (A—H) on your Answer Sheet.

？Do not use any letter more than once.

Creativity on Demand

As an event planner, who designs and orchestrates every type of event from corporate affairs to weddings, it’s my responsibility to put together and manage the individual creative teams that are contributing to the occasions. H

One of the greatest challenges of my job, yet one of its most rewarding aspects, is working with creative people on a day-to-day basis. I deal with a lot of high-profile, artistic individuals people who are extremely knowledgeable and well known in their own right. They are passionate and talented, curing and wonderful individuals who often have their own vision of how they want particular elements of events designed and executed. Therein lies the challenge. (9) .

When you are working with creative minds, it's crucial to keep them on track so they don't go off on tangents and disrupt the project's rhythm or production schedule. This means taking a very active management role. (10) . If needed, I will take the person aside and remind him that producing an event is a team effort and not a platform. for an individual to shine. If you can't get the creative team leaders to accept some kind of direction and parameters, then you must strongly consider removing them from the project and not hiring them in the future, however brilliant they are. (11) If I have a client who insists on hiring him, I decline the project.

At the same time, you do have to trust your most talented people. People in general always produce better results when you trust them trust that they are going to perform. not only to your expectations but to their highest levels. People hate being micromanaged because it implies that you don't respect or trust them. (12) I make sure that my people understand their position within the project while giving them the latitude to express their abilities, talents, and ideas.

When you want people to produce at their peak levels, empowerment and communication are vital. I strongly believe in communication it's what I do all day. I am constantly on the phone or in meetings. Communication doesn't always have. to be direct, of course, and I am a tremendous fan of e-mail. (13) Obviously, as a leader, you cannot do all the communicating yourself. The key is to identify the items that you really must communicate yourself and delegate the rest. (14) Inspiring and motivating a team to perform. at the top of its game is exciting and sometimes exhausting. But the process is always very rewarding. You learn a huge amount from your creative people, and they constantly surprise you with their ideas.

A For example, I worked with a very well-known and talented but very self-centered florist, whose volatile behavior. would wreak havoc on the team and affect the overall event production, and now I just won't work with him.

B As the event producer, it's my responsibility to keep everyone focused on the overall concept and design and to work with each team leader to ensure that the teams move forward in the same direction, all while minimizing difficulties and drama.

C The trick, I believe, is learning how to manage diverse individual personalities and take control with style. and grace.

D Of course, for that to work you need to have an associate who can function as your right-hand person.

E When seven people have to change four tires, fill up a gas tank, make quick adjustments to

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第8题

The odd couple‘s personalities are quiet different。()

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第9题

A．Children get their personalities only from their parents.B．Parents affect their chil

A．Children get their personalities only from their parents.

B．Parents affect their children's personalities very much.

C．Children can adapt themselves to the environment they grow up in.

D．Parents like to control the environment to influence their kid's personalities.

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第10题

According to the author, ______.A．the personalities of athletes produce violent confrontat

According to the author, ______.

A．the personalities of athletes produce violent confrontations

B．athletes should not have to accept unnecessary physical abuse

C．athletes salaries are already too high

D．athletes need higher salaries to compensate for their injuries

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How Personalities and Behaviors are Formed？ 1. People have wondered for a long time h