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The charges on air freight determined either by weight or weight plus volume.
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更多“The charges on air freight determined either by weight or weight plus volume.”相关的问题
第1题
A．To prevent further climate change.
B．To start the global cooperation against air pollution.
C．To deal with the financial crisis of the European Union.
D．To cope with the disciplinary limitation of airline industry.
第2题
Volts from the Sky
Lightning has caused awe and wonder since old times. Although Benjamin Franklin demonstrated lightning as an enormous electrical discharge more than 200 years ago, many puzzles still surround this powerful phenomenon.
Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate in rain clouds, though processes'are still not fully understood. Typically, positive charges build at the cloud top, while the bottom becomes negatively charged. In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the ground's surfaces, making it become positively charged. The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points.
A flow of electrons begins between the cloud and earth. When the voltage charge becomes large enough, it breaks through the insulating barrier of air, and electrons zigzag earthward. We see the discharge as lightning.
Lightning can occur within a cloud, between clouds, or between clouds and the ground. The first variety, intra-cloud lightning, is the most frequent but is often hidden from our view. Cloud-to-ground lightning, making up about 20 percent of lightning discharges, is what we usually see. Lightning comes in several forms, including sheet, ribbon, and ball. Intra-cloud lightning can illuminate a cloud so it looks like a white sheet, hence its name. When cloud-to-ground lightning occurs during strong winds, they can shift the lightning channel sideways, so it looks like a ribbon. The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball
that appears near the impact point, moves horizontally, and lasts for several seconds.
Thunder is generated by the tremendous heat released in a lightning discharge. Temperatures near the discharge can reach as high as 50,000F within thousandths of a second. This sudden heating acts as an explosion, generating shock waves we hear as thunder.
About 2,000 thunderstorms are occurring in the world at any time, generating about 100 lightning strikes every second, or 8 million daily. Within the United States, lightning strikes are estimated at 20 million a year, or about 22,000 per day. You have a 1-in-600,000 chance of being struck by lightning during your lifetime. Lightning can strike twice or more in the same spot. The Empire State Building in New York is struck by lightning about two dozen times annually.
You can measure how far you are from a lightning strike by counting the seconds between viewing the flash and hearing the bang, and then dividing by five. This approximates the mileage.
A. Cloud-to-ground lightening occurring in the US
B. Types of lightening
C. Cause of lightening
D. Differences between thunder and thunderstorm
E. Frequencies of thunderstorms occurring in the world and the US
Paragraphs 2 and 3 ______.
第3题
When faced with the decision of selecting a mode of transportation, the exporter has five basic types available from which to choose, depending, of course, upon the geographicalproximity[1] of the countries of export and import: ocean, air, rail, truck, and inland water. A sixth alternative is pipeline which transports very specialized products. The choice between available methods of transportation is usually determined by a combination of cost , time , and security.
Ocean transportation is by far the most dominant mode of international transportation , and air transport is the most " glamorous" and fastest growing. The significance of the other basic types of international transportation varies depending upon the countries involved. For example,rail and truck shipments do not constitute a significant portion of the export transactions of the United States, except perhaps for those that involve buyers in Canada. In contrast,these transport modes carry large amounts of export goods among the countries of Europe. Similarly,inland waterways are not important carriers of goods between countries except in Europe where waterways such as the Rhine and Danube rivers carry large amounts of goods among the countries through which they flow. Often the use of these relatively less important modes of transport depends upon the nature of specific products in unique geographic situations. The use of trucks to haul fresh produce from northem Mexico to the United States illustrates this practice.
Ocean transportation is widely used because it is a relatively low-cost way to transport goods, and it can easily handle large shipments. In addition, certain geographic conditions may make it impossible to use overland transportation to some foreign markets andinfeasible[2] to use it to others.
Many diverse types of products are being transported to foreign markets by air in large volume-computers, office machines, electrical and electronic equipment, automobile parts, television sets,pharmceuticals[3], certain metal manufactures, and wearing apparel to name but a few. Thus , even with existing technology, it is evident that air cargo movements are no longer confined to fast shipments of emergency supplies, goods of high value , (for example ,jewel) and perishable products (for example , fresh flowers) , although it is widely used for such products. Not only is time in transit reduced from a minimum of 10 days to a few hours, but also less handling and simpler packing requirements are involved.
Time in transit is but one of the so-called hidden costs that may be relevant. For example,concerning time in transit and the ability to put a f'acility to use sooner (thus avoiding lost sales) ,a West German company bought 230hosiery-knitting machines[4] from a US manufacturer. The machines were shipped by air at a cost of USD 224 per unit which was considerably greater than the ocean rate of USD37. 80 per unit. Delivery time was shortened by 10 days giving the Cerman manuf'acturer the opportunity to produce 207 000 pairs of hosiery, which apparently offset the transportation cost.
Small shipments may be sent by intemational parcel post, air parcel post, or air couner service rather than pay the higher minimum bill of lading charges for ocean freight or air shipment. While larger shipments are charged on the basis of weight or measurement,very small shipments are charged a set flat fee because of the costs involved in documentation and handling.
The method of transportation is usually selected by the importer. The route selected for the export shipment may be determined by either the exporter or the importer. In practice , the importer should indicate the route he or she thinks is most desirable. The final selection of the exact route,however,should generally be left to thediscretion[5] of the exporter, since the exporter is more fully acquainted with conditions surrounding the shipment in the country from which it is sent, and particularly the immediate conditions at time of shipment.
[1]接近
[2]不可行的
[3]医药的
[4]针织品编织机
[5]判断力
Questions for reading :
第4题
A. of
B. for
C. about
D. by
第5题
Ground Transport At certain places in the Eastern Hemisphere transport between town terminal and airport is provided free for originating, terminating and stopover passengers, but elsewhere such passengers are charged for ground transport.
Stopovers In most cases, you may break your journey at one or more places on the route, and retain the benefit of fare, provided notice is given at the time of reservation. Hotel expenses at each stopover will be your responsibility.
Children and Infants An infant under two accompanied by an adult, and not occupying a separate seat, is charged 10% of the normal First , Business or Economy adult fare. Additional infants under two accompanying the same adult, an infant under two occupying a separate seat, and children of two years of age and over, who have not yet reached their twelfth birthday, are charged 50% of the normal First, Business or Economy adult fare. Age is taken as that at the beginning of the outward journey. Unaccompanied children under the age of seven are not normally accepted for travel. If you are travelling with children or infants, ask for our booklet Babies as Air Travellers. Any requirements should be advised at the time of booking.
Taxes or Charges Any ticket, transportation or other taxes or charges imposed by Government regulations are additional to the fare and payable by you, either with the fare or in local currency on arrival or departure.
Which of the following is not free to first-class passengers with this airline？
A．Special meals.
B．Cigarettes.
C．Alcoholic drinks.
D．Ground transport.
第6题
Meals
Your fare includes all meals and gratuities in flight and on the ground from the departure of the aircraft until arrival at the airport of destination shown on the flight coupon of your ticket. Kosher, Moslem, saltfree and vegetarian diets are available, provided they are requested in advance. Alcoholic drinks, provided free in flight for First Class passengers, are available on board for sale to Business, Economy passengers. Cigarettes may be purchased in all classes.
Ground Transport
At certain places in the Eastern Hemisphere transport between town terminal and airport is provided free for originating, terminating and stopover passengers, but elsewhere such passengers are charged for ground transport.
Stopovers
In most cases, you. may break your journey at one or mom places on the route, and retain the benefit of fare, provided notice is given at the time of reservation. Hotel expenses at each stopover will be your responsibility.
Children and Infants
An infant under two accompanied by an adult, and not occupying a separate seat, is charged 10% of the normal First, Business or Economy adult fare. Additional infants under two accompanying the same adult, an infant under two occupying a separate seat, and children of two years-of age and over, who have not yet reached their twelfth birthday, are charged 50% of the normal First, Business or Economy adult fare. Age is taken as that at the beginning of the outward journey. Unaccompanied children under the age of seven are not normally accepted for travel. If you are travelling with children or infants, ask for our booklet Babies as Air Travellers. Any requirements should be advised at the time of booking.
Taxes or Charges
Any ticket, transportation or other taxes or charges imposed by Government regulations are additional to the fare and payable by you, either with the fare or in local currency on arrival or departure.
Which of the following is not free to first-class passengers with this airline？
A．Special meals.
B．Cigarettes.
C．Alcoholic drinks.
D．Ground transport.
第7题
In the e-mail, what is indicated about the air conditioning system？
A．It will be replaced for free.
B．It was repaired a few times.
C．It is the newest design available.
D．It was not repaired promptly.
第8题
An ordinary householder may wish to protect his home against fire or his property against burglary. A shop-keeper may wish to insure against theft. In normal cases, the company will check its statistics and quote a premium (保险费). If it is suspicious, it may refuse to quote. If it insures a shop and then receives a suspicious claim, it will investigate the claim as a means of protecting itself against false claims. It is not unknown for a businessman in debt to burn down his own premises (房产) so that he can claim much money from his insurance company. He can be sure that the fire will be investigated most carefully. Insurance companies also accept insurance against shipwreck or disaster in the air. Planes and ships are very expensive, so a large premium is charged, but a reduction is given to companies with an accident-free record.
Every week insurance companies receive premium payments from customers. These payments can form. a very large total running into millions of dollars. The company does not leave the money in the bank. It invests in property, shares, farms and even antique paintings and stamps. Its aim is to obtain the best possible return on its investment. This is not as greedy as it may seem, since this is one way by which it can keep its premiums down and continue to make a profit while being of service to the community.
According to the first paragraph in the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE？
A．A passenger by air will take less risk of being killed than a man crossing a busy road.
B．A passenger by air will take greater risk of being killed than a man crossing a busy road.
C．A passenger by air will have to pay more to the insurance company than a mountain climber.
D．A motorist should pay the highest price to the insurance company.
第10题
27 Air pollution can be as harmful to one's health___________
28 Traveling on an underground train can reduce exposure___________
29 Pollution levels are lower__________
30 It's wise to stay away from heavy traffic____________
A on the downwind side
B during rush hours
C in spring and autumn
D to toxic air
E between autumn and winter
F as exposure to nuclear radiation
