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In every myth, ________.A．there is a connection with some natural eventB．there is not nece

In every myth, ________.

A．there is a connection with some natural event

B．there is not necessarily an attempt to explain an event in nature

C．there are angry gods and goddesses

D．there exists some religious teaching

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发布时间：2020-10-13

更多“In every myth, ________.A．there is a connection with some natural eventB．there is not nece”相关的问题

第1题

In every myth, ______.A．there is a connection with some natural eventB．there exists some r

In every myth, ______.

A．there is a connection with some natural event

B．there exists some religious teaching

C．there are angry gods and goddesses

D．there is not necessarily an attempt to explain an event in nature

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第2题

Greek mythology is largely made up of stories about gods and goddesses, but it must not be

read a kind of Greek Bible, an account of the Greek religion.

According to the most modern idea, a real myth has nothing to do with religion. It is an explanation of something in nature; how, for instance, any and everything in the universe came into existence: men, animals, this or that tree or flower, the sun, the moon, the stars, storms, eruptions, earthquakes, all that is and all that happens. Thunder and lightning are caused when Zeus hurls his thunderbolt. A volcano erupts because a terrible creature is imprisoned in the mountain and every now and then struggles to get free. The Dipper (大熊星座) , the constellation (星座) called also the Great Bear, does not set below the horizon because a goddess once was angry at it and decreed (命令) that it should never sink into the sea. Myths are early science, the result of men's first trying to explain what they saw around them.

But there are many so-called myths which explain nothing at all. These tales are pure entertainment, the sort of thing people would tell each other on a long winter' s evening. The story of Pygmalion (皮格马利翁) and Galatea is an example; it has no conceivable connection with any event in nature. Neither has the Quest of the Golden Fleece (寻找金羊毛), nor Orpheus (奥菲士，竖琴圣手) and Eurydice, nor many another. This fact is now generally accepted; and we do not have to try to find in every mythological heroine the moon or the dawn and in every hero' s life a sun myth. The stories are early literature as well as early science. But religion is there, too. In the background , to be sure , but nevertheless plain to see. From Homer through the tragedians and even later, there is a deepening realization of what human beings need and what they must have in their gods.

The author believes that myths ________.

A．have nothing to do with religion

B．contain very modern ideas

C．are pure entertainment with no religious content

D．have to do with science, religion and entertainment

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第3题

As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to

recognize even greater complexity in mythological traditions. Especially valuable was the evidence provided by ancient Indian and Iranian texts such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Zend-Avesta. From these sources it became apparent that the character of myths varied widely, not only by geographical region but also by historical period.(46). He agreed that the relatively simple Greek myth of Persephone reflects the concerns of a basic agricultural community, whereas the more involved and complex myths found later in Homer are the product of a more developed society.

Scholars also attempted to tie various myths of the world together in some way. From the late 18th century through the early 19th century, the comparative study of languages had led to the reconstruction of a hypothetical parent language to account for striking similarities among the various languages of Europe and the Near East. These languages, scholars concluded, belonged to an Indo-European language family. Experts on mythology likewise searched for a parent mythology that presumably stood behind the mythologies of all the European peoples.(47). Muller attributed all later myths to misunderstandings that arose from the picturesque terms in which early peoples described natural phenomena. For example, an expression like "maiden dawn" for "sunrise" resulted first in personification of the dawn, and then in myths about her.

Later in the 19th century the theory of evolution, put forward by English naturalist Charles Darwin heavily influenced the study of mythology. Scholars researched on the history of mythology, much as they would dig fossil-bearing geological formations, for remains from the dies tan past.(48). In Primitive Culture (1871), Tyler organized the religious and philosophical development of humanity into separate and distinct evolutionary stages. Similarly, British anthropologist Sir James George Frazer proposed a three-stage evolutionary scheme in The golden bough. According to Frazer's scheme, human beings first attributed natural phenomena to arbitrary supernatural forces(magic),later explaining them as the will of the gods (religion), and finally subjecting them to rational investigation(science).

The research of British scholar William Robertson Smith, published in Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (1989), also influenced Frazer. Through Smith's work, Frazer came to whom the annual cycles of vegetation were of central importance.(49). This approach reached its most extreme form. in the so-called functionalism of British anthropologist A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, who held that every myth implies a ritual, and every ritual implies a myth.

Most analyses of myths in the 18th and 19th centuries showed a tendency to reduce myths to some essential core-whether the seasonal cycles of nature, historical circumstances, or ritual. That core supposedly remained once the fanciful elements of the narratives had been stripped away. In the 20th century, investigators began to pay closer attention to the content of the narratives themselves.(50).

[A] German-born British scholar Max Muller concluded that the Rig-Veda of ancient India—the oldest preserved body of literature written in an Indo-European language-reflected the earliest stages of an Indo-European mythology.

[B] The myth and ritual theory, as this approach came to be called was developed most fully by British scholar Jane Ellen Harrison. Using insight gained from the work of French sociologist Emile Durkheim, Harrison argued that all myths have their origin in collective rituals of a society.

[C] Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud held that myths-like dreams-condense the material of experience and represent it in symbols.

[D] This approach can be seen in the work of British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tyler.

[E] The studies made in this period were consolidated in the wor

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第4题

The author, in regard to modern ideas on myth ________.A．is impressed and agrees with them

The author, in regard to modern ideas on myth ________.

A．is impressed and agrees with them

B．refuses to accept any of them

C．adds to them new points of view

D．none of the above

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