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In 1992, employment in the manufacturing section was _______________.
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更多“In 1992, employment in the manufacturing section was _______________.”相关的问题
第1题
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第2题
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第3题
Jobs
A person planning for a career today must look carefully at the expected occupational trends and changes in the job market. Affecting the economy are changes in the size, age, and distribution of the population, as well as developments in technology. These change& also affect employment opportunities. For example, an aging population has increased the need for medical care and other health services. Computer technology has not only eliminated or changed the nature of many jobs but also created new occupations. By analyzing the changing economy and the factors causing these changes, a person can forecast, or predict, future trends in employment.
A New Labor Force
The United States labor force the total number of people over the age of 16 who are employed or are actively seeking work totaled 127 million in 1992. By the year 2005, the labor force is expected to reach 151 million, an increase of 19%. This increase represents a slight slowdown in the growth of the labor force compared with growth during the previous 13-year period, 1979 to 1992. The slowdown is largely due to slower population growth in the United States.
The U.S. labor force will become more diverse by 2005. White non-Hispanic men will make up a slightly smaller proportion of the labor force than in 1992, while women and minority group members will make up a larger share. Between 1992 and 2006, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and other ethnic(种族的) groups will account for roughly 36% of all people entering the work force. In addition, women will continue to join the labor force in growing numbers. In 1979, women made up 42% of the labor force. By 2006, their share is expected to be 48%.
The age makeup of the U.S. population will change from 1992 to 2005. There will be a smaller proportion of children and teenagers and a larger proportion of middle-aged and older people. The decline in the proportion of children and teenagers reflects the lower birth rates of the 1980s and 1990s. The large increase in the middle-aged population reflects the aging of the baby boom generation people born between 1946 and 1964. The rapid growth of the older population reflects both the high birth rates before the 1930s and improvements in medical technology that are allowing Americans to live longer.
The changing age make-up of the U.S. population will directly affect tomorrow's work force. Young people aged 16 to 24 are expected to make up roughly the same percentage of the labor force in 2005 as they did in 1992. However, the percentage of workers aged 25 to 34 will decline dramatically, from 28% to 21%. The baby boom generation will continue to add members to the work force, but their share will decline slightly. The most striking change will be a large increase in the percentage of workers between the ages of 46 and 54. These workers will account for 24% of the labor force in 2005, up from 18% in 1992. Workers in this age group usually have more employment experience than younger workers. Thus, employers will be able to choose from a larger pool of experienced applicants, people seeking jobs, in coming years.
Education: A Prerequisite(先决条件) for Employment
The education level of the labor force has risen dramatically in recent years. In 1980, for example, 19% of all workers aged 26 and older had completed four years of college. In 1992, 27% had a bachelor's degree or higher. The trend toward higher educational achievement is expected to continue.
From 1992 to 2005, employment growth will be faster for occupations requiring higher levels of education or training than for those requiring less. Managerial, professional, and technical positions will make up an increasing proportion of new jobs that become available. Many of the occupations projected for grow most rapidly are those with higher earnings.
Office and factory automation, changes in consumer demand
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第4题
Economic Growth
The economy of a nation requires (46) . Total output must grow if the country is to absorb about 1.5 million new workers who enter the labor force each year and more workers who are replaced each year as a form. of technological change. If the nation produced the same level of output each year, instead of increasing it, people would have fewer jobs, growing unemployment, and a decline in the per-capita(人均的)income of the nation. To maintain or increase the existing standard of living and to prevent unemployment from rising, (47) . Higher rates of employment and substantial per-capita output gains seem to occur when the real economic growth rate is over 3%, as it was in the years 1983 through 1988. Recent experience shows that, with a real growth rate of less than 2.5%, the U.S. economy suffers from (48) .
For example , unemployment at the end of 1990 was 5.4% of the labor force. But by the end of 1991, unemployment was more than 6.6% of the labor force. Why did this happen？ Simply because the real output of goods and services declined in 1991. New members into the labor force could not be absorbed, so (49) . Furthermore, a large number of workers withdrew from the labor force altogether because (50) . Instead of rising in 1991 , the real GDP actually fell 0.7%. Real GDP rose again in 1992 by 2.6%, but unemployment also rose to 7.3% of the labor force. GDP continued to rise during 1993, gained a 3%. At the same time unemployment stood at 6.8% of the labor force. Per-capita in-come also grew again during 1993.
A．unemployment rose
B．they were unable to find work
C．a healthy rate of economic growth
D．out of work
E．they must increase real gross domestic product (GDP) continuously
F．higher unemployment and limited gains in per-capita output and income
(46)
第5题
A recent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study in London revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied their children on outing did measurably better in school than those children whose fathers were not involved in those activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1992, from the time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the children of actively involved fathers scored much higher in reading and maths than those children whose only involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played by father in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by the father than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major role in parental responsibility.
The study also suggested that the greatest level of paternal parenting took place in the families of only child. As the number of children and financial obligations increases, the fathers apparent interest and involvement with the children decreased. However, no matter what the size or financial condition of the family, a fathers active participation in the childs development made a definite difference in the childs progress.
The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency(缺陷)of the childs level in maths and reading, a fathers employment on night shifts appeared to have little effect on the childs academic progress. The data from the study was obtained primarily through interviews from parents, teachers and physicians. The information evaluating the level of the fathers parenting performance was elicited(探出)primarily from the admittedly subjective observations of their wives.
The main discovery made in the study was that______.
A．children in large families tend to do poorly in school
B．a father"s influence played a significant role in the level of the child"s academic progress
C．mothers were subjective in evaluating the roles played by fathers
D．there is a correlation between socioeconomic status and scholastic achievement
第6题
A recent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study in London revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied their children on outing did measurably better in school than those children whose fathers were not involved in those activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1992, from the time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the children of actively involved fathers scored much higher in reading and math than those children whose only involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played by fathers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by the father than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major role in parental responsibility.
The study also suggested that the greatest level of paternal parenting took place in the families of only child. As the number of children and financial obligations increases, the father's apparent interest and involvement with the children decreased. However, no matter what the size or financial condition of the family, a father's active participation in the child's development made a definite difference in the child's progress.
The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the child's level in math and reading, a father's employment on night shifts appeared to have little effect on the child's academic progress. The data from the study was obtained primarily through interviews from parents, teachers and physicians. The information evaluating the level of the father's parenting performance was elicited primarily from the admittedly (公认的) subjective observations of their wives.
The main discovery made in the study was that
A．children in large families tend to do poorly in school.
B．a father's influence played a significant factor in the level of the child's academic progress.
C．mothers were subjective in evaluating the roles played by fathers.
D．there is a correlation between socioeconomic status and scholastic achievement.
第7题
Gender Inequality
In Western society, traditional male and female roles are not only substantially different, but also highly unequal. As we have seen, the male is given the dominant position. In a sense he is the star actor, whereas the female often plays only a supporting role. Psychologically, the male is trained to play the role of decision maker, whereas the female is encouraged to be submissive and obedient. This same gender inequality is reflected in our basic institutions. In education, employment, and politics, women clearly are treated as inferiors.
Education
In the past, women faced open discrimination in almost every aspect of our educational system. Far more boys than girls were enrolled in primary and secondary schools, and most of the best colleges did not admit women at all. Changing cultural expectations and new antidiscrimination laws broke down most of these barriers, and great progress has been made. Today, more females than males graduate from high school and from college.
Yet men still maintain some important educational advantages. For one thing, men receive over 60 percent of professional degrees and doctorates. There are also important differences in the majors women and men pursue. More females are in the liberal arts and humanities, while more men major in such fields as science, mathematics, and engineering, which are most likely to lead directly to high-paying career. Although the reasons for these differences are not entirely clear, several factors appear to be important. It seems that traditional gender role stereotypes no longer stop females from pursuing an education, but women are discouraged from going into academic areas that are overwhelmingly dominated by males. For example, one recent study shows that the lack of female role models among faculty members in mathematics, science, and engineering subtly conveys the message to young women that those fields are not for them. Women's preference for a more general liberal education may also reflect the fact that women expect to carry more child-rearing responsibilities than their male counterparts. As a result, they may shy away from majors leading to demanding careers that would interfere with those responsibilities.
Employment
Women's role in the work force has undergone a remarkable change. Fifty years ago, fewer than a quarter of all adult women in the United States worked outside the home. Today, that figure has more than doubled, and the number of working women continues to increase. In the next decade, six of every ten new workers in the United States are expected to be women. Although the gap between men's and women's pay has narrowed in recent years, it continues to be a large one. In 1975 women earned only about 60 percent as much as men, but by 1992, that figure was around 75 percent. Unfortunately, the reason the gap has closed is due more to a decline in men's earnings than to an increase in women's pay. An analysis by the Economic Policy Institute concluded that over two-thirds of that improvement was caused by the drop in men's wages and only a third by increasing women's wages.
Many women receive smaller paychecks than men because they enter lower-paying occupations and hold lower-ranking jobs within their field. Yet there are substantial differences in pay even among men and women who do the same type of work. Women in sales earn only 56 percent as much as salesmen, and women professionals about 72 percent as much as their male counterparts. A Business Week survey found that the starting salaries of male graduates of the best MBA programs in the United States are 12 percent higher than the starting salaries of female graduates. Even when workers break out of the traditional occupational stereotypes, women still come up short. Although 94 percent of all registered nurses are female, male nurses earn about 10 percent more than
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第9题
A recent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study in London revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied their children on outing did measurably better in school than those children whose fathers were not involved in those activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1992, from the time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the children of actively involved fathers scored much higher in reading and math than those children whose only involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played by fathers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by the father than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major role in parental responsibility.
The study also suggested that the greatest level of paternal parenting took place in the families of only child. As the number of children and financial obligations increased, the father’s apparent intere4st and involvement with the children decreased. However, no matter what the size or financial condition of the family is, a father’s active participation in the child’s development made a definite difference in the child’s progress.
The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the child’s level in math and reading, a father’s employment on night shifts appeared to have little effect on the child’s academic progress. The data from the study were obtained primarily through interviews from parents, teachers and physicians. The information evaluating the level of the father’s parenting performance was elicited primarily form. the admittedly subjective observations of the tier wives.
1. What is the main discovery made in the study？
A. A father’s influence played a significance role in the level of the child’s academic progress.
B. A much higher level of parental involvement of the father.
C. A father’s employment on night shifts appeared to have little effect on the child’s academic progress.
D. The greatest level of paternal parenting took place in the families of only child.
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？
A. Children whose fathers did not come to school conferences or accompany them on outing did better than those whose fathers were involved in those activities.
B. The more children a family has, the more interest and involvement the father has.
C. Children who have actively involved fathers did much better academically than those whose only involved parent was the mother.
D. The more overnight absences the father has, the worse the child’s level in math and chemistry is.
3. What’s the aim of the study？
A. To evaluate fathers’ abilities in involving in children’s activities.
B. To reveal fathers’ role in bringing up a child.
C. To compare children from large families with children from small ones.
D. To explain the differences between mothers’ and fathers’ role in raising a child.
4. Evidence indicated that fathers who were involved in the parenting process amounted to （）.
A. more than three-quarters of all the fathers
B. slightly less than half of the fathers studied
C. a little less than one hundred percent of all fathers
D. about two-thirds of the fathers involved in the study
5. The data accumulated were obtained through （）.
A. interviews, school records and physicians’ reports
B. conversations with mothers of the children
C. observations by social psychologists
D. observations of fathers with their children
