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The Pension Reform. Bill was passed in the National Assembly with______votes vantage.
A．100
B．103
C．233
D．336
答案
更多“The Pension Reform. Bill was passed in the National Assembly with______votes vantage.A．100”相关的问题
第1题
There was a large crowd of demonstrators______against the pension reform.
A．preserving
B．prosecuting
C．protecting
D．protesting
第2题
This survey has presented the arguments for more private funding and for fairer pensions. Such changes will create motives for individuals to take charge of their own retirement needs rather than leaving the task to the state. This, in turn, will make the provision of public pensions more afford- able.
Even so, the state will continue to play a leading role in pensions. At a minimum, governments must offer a safety net, probably in the form. of a defined benefit financed through taxation, for people who for some reason have not been able to provide for themselves and who would otherwise be miserable in old age. More broadly, there is a case for the state to offer a slimmed-down pay-as-you-go pension system, although as far as possible this should be organized along defined-contributions lines. Such provision widens the range of assets to include human capital because the effective return comes from total wages, and offers a safe if low return.
Governments also have to create a suitable framework for effective private pensions. Administrative(行政的)expenses have to be tightly controlled, and appropriate tax motives have
to be offered to encourage voluntary pension saving. Where the state provides a generous safety net, private-pension saving may have to be made mandatory(强制的) , otherwise many people will not bother.
So much for the developed countries, but what of the more youthful populations of tile rest of the world？ In 1994, the World Bank came down heavily in favor of more funding in private accounts. It thought the state's role should be to provide a smallish first pillar with the limited task of providing protection against old-age poverty, and to command a privately-funded second pillar to provide the bulk of pensions.
More private funding and fairer pensions______.
A．can urge people to save more private-pensions
B．may be financed through tax
C．can lessen the burden of the state
D．can provide more public pensions
第3题
Questions are based on the following passage．
The ranks of the over 65s grew by 1.4m over the past decade．But old age will not be kind to all of them．One in three will develop dementia （痴呆）， around one in six will end up in a nursing or care home and nearly half will need some forms of care．Few will have laid plans to pay for it．
Knowing the dilemma of elderly voters， the government is moving to change that．Next year it will put ￡ 72，000 on the sum that a person will have to pay towards care．and will raise the means-testing threshold （阀值） from ￡ 23，250 to ￡118，000．
The government had hoped that this reform. would not just relieve elderly nerves but also stimulate an insurance market for end-of-life care．Unfortunately， that is not happening．
Many people continue to assume， wrongly， that the NHS will pay， says Yvonne Braun from the Association of British Insurers．And most are overly optimistic about their health in old age， underestimating （低估） the risks and costs they will suffer．Joan Costa-Font， from the London School of Economics， adds that the idea of care insurance seems to conflict with social values．A kind of familial moral hazard kicks in， as people fear their children will no longer look after them if they are insured．
Care costs are so hard to predict that insurers tend to protect themselves with big insurance expenses， making insurance difficult to afford．The government"s new policy， which was supposed to sort this out， comes with alarming warnings．It does not include the cost of bed and board， which makes up a large amount of care home costs．It is also up to local authorities to determine which care counts towards the policy， meaning people may end up spending more after all．And the policy is higher than the25，000-50，000 recommended to the government by Andrew Dilnot， an economist who reviewed the market．
From next month much will change for retirees， as the government drops the requirement to buy annuities with private pension pots．The government hopes that people will use the new flexibility to plan for their old age， including the possibility that their final years will be spent in a nursing home rather than on the Costa del Sol．
What is the government‘s objective in the reform？ 查看材料
A.To help make plans to pay for care．
B.To ease elderly worries and promote the insurance market．
C.To seek votes from elderly voters．
D.To reduce the costs in a nursing home．
第4题
？Which extract (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement (1-8) refer to？
？For each statement (1-8), mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.
？You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
A
Executives are coming to understand that they can't meet their corporate responsibility simply by maximizing shareholder value. Last year Price water house Coopers surveyed 1,161 chief executive officers of companies from 33 countries. Some 68 percent of those polled said that global corporate responsibility was vital to profitability. Meanwhile citizens around the world have become more vocal in demanding that global business beheld accountable for conduct that could undermine social, environmental or economic progress.
B
Although markets have encouraged more firms to act in a responsible manner in the global economy, market forces have not been sufficient to ensure responsible behavior. all of the time. Moreover, the responsible firms that work harder to ensure that workers or the environment are treated well as they make goods and services could have higher costs, which may allow other competitors to gain market share. The right mix of public policies can ensure that responsible firms are not penalized.
C
Washington, D. C is drowning in paper. Congress has voted on proposals to promote corporate responsibility. Meanwhile, the President, executives and activists are all scurrying about in search of additional proposals to make executives more accountable for their companies' financial reports. Given that capitalism today is global as well as local, the US must work with its allies to write international corporate governance norms. But we need to use this opportunity to think more broadly about how to reassure global economic confidence long term. All of the reform. efforts to date focus on a narrow definition of corporate responsibility. President Bush acknowledged in his July 9th speech, "There is no capitalism without conscience." That is why the ultimate reform. would encourage corporations to also act responsibility towards their workers and the environment.
D
The codes, including ones promoted by the Department of State-the Voluntary Principles for Security and Human Rights and the OECD Guidelines, are designed to help business protect human rights in nations with poor human rights records. Corporate social responsibility policies can also include EPA regulations that require corporations to report on their global environmental liabilities. After all, the costs of cleaning up can be a major drain on corporate profits. But these policies are not well coordinated or known as CSR policies. Were someone to compile an overview, we might gain a greater understanding of how such policies can be made more effective. But there are some policies including tax policies that encourage firms to shift production or their headquarters to nations with weaker fiscal or regulatory systems. Other policies that may undermine global corporate responsibility include corporate welfare and agricultural protectionism.
E
The French government recently overhauled French corporate law and mandated the disclosure of companies' social and environmental as well as profit performance. This is a good idea. The British require pension funds to report on the social, environmental, as well as profit performance of their investments. The Canadian government is also examining a wide range of public policies to promote CSR. Perhaps the most interesting development was that in 2001, with funding from the Atkinson Foundation, five private citizens organized a commission on democracy and accountability. Their final report issued 25 specific policy recommendations on promoting global and domestic CSR.
SXB#
第5题
The Premium Pension Authority ______.
A．provides several funds for employees to choose
B．is a non-governmental agency
C．pays the pension for people
D．centrally administers premium pension contributions and fund choices
第7题
规定缴费型养老金计划(defined-contribution pension plan)
第8题
What can his pension enough to pay for？
A．One big apartment.
B．A two-room apartment.
C．One cockroach-infested room.
D．His well-being life.
