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[主观题]

Memory is our most important possession. Without memory, you wouldnt know who you are. You

couldnt think about the past or plan for the future. Memory【B1】______everything we do as human beings. Its amazing that we have this【B2】______ time machine in our heads that enables us to record experiences and then use that information at a later time. Discovering how the brain makes and【B3】______memories has to be one of the most important of all scientific【B4】______. People who feel they must apologise for having a bad memory should stop using a poor memory as an【B5】______forgetting things. The only people who have a poor memory are those whose memory function has been【B6】______by disease or damage. All the rest of us must accept the responsibility to【B7】______to remember things. You must【B8】______something. You must exercise it or risk losing its effectiveness. Student and faculty should understand that a good education involves an emphasis on understanding rather than【B9】______ memorisation. Second, cramming for finals is a very bad way to learn something that will last. Information from cramming will come in and go out. If you want to【B10】______what you learn, you must spread out the learning process.

【B1】

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发布时间：2020-09-05

更多“Memory is our most important possession. Without memory, you wouldnt know who you are. You”相关的问题

第1题

Good sense is the most equitably distributed thing in the world, for each man considers hi

mself so well provided with it that even those who are most difficult to satisfy in everything else do not usually wish to have more of it than they have already. It is not likely that everyone is, mistaken in this; it shows, rather, that the ability to judge rightly and separate the true from the false, which is essentially what is called good sense or reason, is by nature equal in all men, and thus that our opinions differ not because some men are better endowed with reason than others, but only because we direct our thoughts along different paths, and do not consider the same things, for it is not enough to have a good mind: what is most important is to apply it rightly. The greatest souls are capable of the greatest vices; and those who walk very slowly can advance much further, if they always keep to the direct road, than those who run and go astray.

For my part, I have never presumed my mind to be more perfect than average in any way; I have, in fact, often wished that my thoughts were as quick, or my imagination as precise and distinct, or my memory as capacious or prompt, as those of some other men.

And I know of no other qualities than these which make for the perfection of the mind; for as to reason, or good sense, inasmuch as it alone makes us men and distinguishes us from the beasts, I am quite willing to believe that it is whole and entire in each of us, and to follow in the common opinion of the philosophers who say that there are differences of more or less only among the accidents, and not among the forms, or natures, of the individuals of a single species.

According to the author, the three elements that comprise the perfect mind are ______.

A．tenacity of thought, capacious memory, quickness of mind

B．precise imagination, tenacity of memory, quickness of thought

C．quickness of wit, ease of conscience, quickness of thought

D．promptness of memory, distinctness of imagination, quickness of thought

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第2题

How to Remember: Some Basic Principles How do you communicate something you've forgotten？

How to Remember: Some Basic Principles

How do you communicate something you've forgotten？ You can't! Now's the time to fit memory into the communication picture. Don't be content with a 10 percent level of remembering. Tap into the following three basic laws and triple that figure. After all, improved memory means improved communication. THE PREREQUISITES

Most of us, psychologists say, don't use more than 10 percent of our native ability to remember. That's comparable to running a car on one or two cylinders and just poking along.

Why don't we use more of our inherent memory power？ There are several answers. First, because we haven't been trained to. Nowhere in our schooling were we taught how to use our powers of memory. And second, because we often just don't care. And that leads me to the three things that I feel are essential to a more powerful memory.

First, you must have a burning desire to improve your memory. You must care about it. Most people struggle along with poor memories, enduring endless frustrations and embarrassments in their daily lives, because they just don't want to be bothered remembering the constant barrage of names, numbers, facts, and information. What you have to do is remind yourself of the many benefits of a good memory: the increased confidence I promised you, the popularity and the peace of mind. Aren't those three alone enough to stir a desire in you to improve？

The second prerequisite is the ability to concentrate. You will be effective in remembering to the degree that you are enough to concentrate. A short period of intense concentration will often enable you to accomplish more than years of dreaming.

The third prerequisite was revealed to me by former Postmaster-General James Farley of New York City. Mr. Farley was cited by associates for having the most remarkable memory in this century. I asked him his secret.

"There's no real secret," he said. "You simply must love people. If you do, you won't have any trouble remembering their names, and a lot more about them than that."

And that's the third essential: You must care about people. It wasn't long after I talked to Mr. Farley that I came across an interesting line from Alexander Pope. "How vast a memory has love," he wrote. Certainly a deeper interest in people, and in your work as well, should make your desire to remember and your concentration much easier.

THE BASIC LAWS

Visualize. Now you're ready to learn the basic techniques for developing your memory. The first essential is to visualize. Picture what you want to remember. Since 85 percent of all you learn and remember in life reaches you through your eyes, it is absolutely vital that you visualize the things you want to recall later. To do that, you must above all become aware. And awareness involves becoming both a keen observer and an active listener. You have to see clearly and hear accurately in order to picture vividly what you want to remember. Too many people go through life only partly awake, only partly aware. They don't forget names; they never hear them clearly in the first place. That art of retention is the art of attention.

Become curious, observant, and sensitive to everything around you. See the roof detail on that old building. Notice the difference between the tree greens of April and of August. Hear the difference between the sirens of an ambulance, a fire track, a police car. Sharpen your senses of sight and hearing -- they're the most important. Together, those two senses account for 95 percent of our memory power. Two ancient sayings highlight the importance of visualizing. "One time seeing is worth a thousand times hearing." And "A picture is worth ten thousand words."

Repeat. If school didn't bother to teach us formal memory work, it did teach us the need for repeating. We were taugh

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第3题

According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true？A．Smell is the mos

According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true？

A．Smell is the most emotional of the senses.

B．Smell stimulates our memory more than the other senses.

C．Smell is considered to be mysterious, as it is untouchable.

D．Smell is the sense most difficult to identify.

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第4题

根据以下内容，回答下列各题。 Is the Internet Making Us Forgetful？ A. A tourist takes a pictu

re of the Empire State Building on his iPhone, deletesit, then takes another one from a different angle. But what happened to that first image？ The delete button on our cameras, phones, and computers is a function we use often without thinking, yet it remains a fantastic concept. Most things in the world dont just disappear. Not our thrown away plastic water bottles. Not the keys to the apartment. Not our earliest childhood memories. B. "It is possible that every memory you have ever experienced that made its way into your long-term memory is still buried somewhere in your head," Michael S. Malone writes in his new book The Guardian of All Things: The Epic Story of Human Memory. It is both a blessing and a curse that we cannot voluntarily erase our memories. Like it or not, we are stuck with our experiences. Its just one of the many ways that human beings differ from digital cameras. C. Yet, humans are relying more and more on digital cameras and less on our own minds. Malone tells the story of how, over time, humans have externalized (外化) their internal memories, departing themselves from the experiences they own. The book is a history in time order--from the development of paper, libraries, cameras, to microchips—about how we place increasing trust in technology. D. Is it a good thing for electronic devices and the Internet to store our memories for us？ When we allow that to happen, who do we become？ Will our brains atrophy (萎缩) ff we chose not to exercise them？ Malone, who is a Silicon Valley reporter, shows us the technological progress, but backs away from deeper philosophical questions. His love for breaking news--the very idea of breakthrough--isapparent, but he fails to address the more distressing implications. E. The biology of human memory is largely mysterious. It is one of the remaining brain functions whoselocation neuroscientists cant place, Memory nerve cells are distributed all over the brain, hidden in itsgray wTinkles like money behind couch cushions. "What a plunge," opens Virginia Woolfs Mrs.Dalloway, as Clarissa tosses open her French windows and is transported into her remembered past."Live in the moment" is a directive we often hear these days in yoga class, but our ability to weave inund out of the past is what makes life interesting and also difficult for humans. F. The Neanderthal (穴居人的 ) brain was powerful, but lacking a high-capaciW memory, "forevertrapped in the/low," according to Malone. The stories, images, and phrases that we turn over in oreminds while lying awake in bed were different for them. Neanderthals could receive the stimuli of theworld--colors, sounds, smells--but had limited ways to organize or access that information. Even theterm Homo sapienns (晚期智人) reveals how our brains work differently from our ancestors.Translated from the Latin, it means knowing man. Not only do we know, but we know that we know.Our self-consciousness, that ability not only to make memories but to recall them, is what defines us. G. Short-term memories are created by the compound of certain proteins in a cell and long-term memoriesare created by released magnesium (镁). Each memory is then inserted like handprints in concrete. This is what we know about the physical process of memory making. Why a person might rememberthe meal they ate before their parents announced a divorce, but not the announcement itself, remainsa scientific mystery. H.The appearance of language is linked to memory, and many early languages were simply devices that aid memory. They served as a method for sharing memories, an early form. of fact-checking that also expands the lifetime of a memory. The Library of Alexandria is an example of a populations desire tocatalog a common memory and situate it safely outside their own short-lived bodies. I. The ancient Rondos even had a discipline called Ars Memorativa, or the art of memory. They honored extraordinary acts of memorization, just as they honored extraordinary feats in battle, and Cicero excelled at this. Memorization was an art that could be polished using patterns, imaginary structures and landscapes. Without training, the human brain can hold only about seven items in short-term memory. J.The invention of computer memory changes everything. We now have "Moores Law", the notion that memory chips will double in performance every 18 months. Memory plug base. continues to decrease in size while our memories accumulate daily. Because of growing access to the Internet, Malone argues that individualized memory matters less and less. Schoolchildren today take open-book tests or with acalculator. "What matters now is not ones ownership of knowledge, but ones skill at accessing it and analyzing it," he writes. However, something is lost. We have unlimited access to a wealth of information, yet little of it belongs to us. K. Human beings have a notion of self, a subjective world particular to us, thanks to our high lycomplicated and individualized brains that Malone compares to "the roots and branches of a tree". We own our own hardware, and we all remember differently. The Internet offers us access to information, but it is really a part of the external world of colors and sounds that even Neanderthals could receive. A world in which all our memories are stored on electronic devices and all our answers can be foundby Googling is a world closer to the Neanderthars than to a high-tech, idealized future. I dont remember when I first learned the word deja vu but I do remember the shirt I wore on the firt day of9th grade. Memory is a tool, but it can also teach us about what we think is important. Human memory is a way for us to learn about ourselves. Compared with Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, human beings have the particular .feature of being able to make memories and recall them.

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第5题

Most episodes of absent-mindedness-forgetting where you left something or wondering why yo

u just entered a room-are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded it deeply."

Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation, you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). "Your memory itself isn't falling you," says Schacter. "Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed."

Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. "

Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available," he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table-don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.

Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you're there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you'll likely remember.

Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important？

A．It helps us understand our memory system better.

B．It enables us to recall something from our memory.

C．It expands our memory capacity considerably.

D．it slows down the process of losing our memory.

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第6题

The Need to RememberSome people say they have no memory at all: "I just can't remember a t

The Need to Remember

Some people say they have no memory at all: "I just can't remember a thing!" But of course we all have a memory. Our memory tells us who we are. Our memory helps us to make use In the present of what we have learnt in the past.

in fact we have different types of memory. For example, our visual memory helps us recall facts and places. 'Some people have such a strong visual memory, they can remember exactly what they have seen, for example, pages of a book, as a complete picture.

Our verbal (言语的) memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written: items of a shopping list, a chemical formula, dates, or a recipe.

With our emotional (情感的) memory, we recall situations or places where we had strong feelings, perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell, taste, touch and sound, and for performing physical movements.

We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds enough to remember a telephone number while we dial. Our long-term memory, on the other hand, may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a much better long-term memory than short-term. They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago, but have the clearest remembrance (记忆) of when they were very young.

Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past, and that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember only the outline of a story. We then make up the details. We often do this in the way we want to remember them, usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past or maybe victims needing sympathy (同情).

Visual memory helps us recall a place we have been to.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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第7题

A good hearing memory will help your child do better in school. Your child's hearing abili

ty is normal. Yet, he may seem to be very poor at remembering and understanding what he's heard at school.

Why should this be？ It's because he's not using his heating ability to help him remember and understand what he's been taught.

Some children get into the habit of learning and remembering things by what they hear. They've got good hearing memories. Other children find it easier to learn and remember things by what they see. They've got good seeing memories. Some children have equally good ability at both seeing and hearing in learning things. Others, less fortunate, seem to have poor hearing and seeing-memories. Most children, I'd say, unknowingly prefer one method over the other for learning and remembering.

But this favoring of one sense over the other is a bad habit and deprives (使......不能) the child of the full use of his natural senses. Mrs. Alien was clearly incredulous when I told her there was nothing wrong with her son's heating. "But he never seems to really understand what he hears, that's what his teachers tell me," she said.

"My psychological examination of William shows he's weak in his hearing memory," I said, "but he has perfectly normal intelligence and can learn in school."

"Our family doctor examined William and he says the boy's hearing was all right. So, that proves you're right on that point," admitted Mrs. Alien. "So how can we help him？ My husband and I will do anything you say, Dr. Dursteln."

"You can do a lot to improve William's hearing memory, but it'll take time. You must be patient and not expect results immediately." I cautioned.

I suggested a detailed program for the parents to use at home. I told Mrs. Alien to come back and see me every two weeks so that I could guide her in any problem she had in using my program.

Those who have poor hearing memories______.

A．cannot hear sounds clearly

B．are poor at remembering and understanding what they have learned

C．are poor at learning things by what they have heard

D．have the habit of learning things by what they have heard of

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第8题

Message to young Chinese in the 21 st centuryFundamental Science has provided us with an i

Message to young Chinese in the 21 st century

Fundamental Science has provided us with an increasingly detailed and accurate understanding of Nature and the world around us. Progress in Science is based on the premises that:

Everything, including existing knowledge, is open to critical, unprejudiced inquiry. Science is often built on the destruction of existing paradigms and is a continuously evolving process.

Our minds, reason, and our powers of observation are the tools we use to advance knowledge. There are no mysteries that will resist scientific investigation.

Science is the property of mankind and not of any one nation or people and is our most precious human asset.

Scientists have been extremely successful in the last century in all fields, physics, chemistry, biology, and genetics.Their discoveries have had a dramatic impact on medicine and our life pattern. We are gaining the power but not necessarily always the wisdom to control our lives, our environment, our fate on this earth and galaxy.

In my own field, immunology, a division of biomedical science, it has been my privilege to witness in the last 40 years spectacular advances. The cells of the immune system have been identified, the specific molecules they produce, (antibodies, cell receptors, transplantation antigens, lymphokines ) have been purified and sequenced and the genes that code for them have been cloned.

Such basic knowledge is being translated into increasing benefits to health through applied technology and should soon contribute to vaccine development against AIDS and cancer. Enormous advances have similarly been made in other areas of biomedical science, with the discovery of the structure of nucleic acids, the genetic code, the control of growth and differentiation at the cellular level, which should soon permit the development of new generations of therapeutic drugs against cancer.

Of my own work in the laboratory over the last 45 years, I would like to share with you two of the most exciting aspects which are very well worth the years of efforts and the difficulties encountered. These are:

The exhilarating feeling that one experiences when Nature, for the first time, reveals its closely guarded secrets, and one begins to finally understand some of the complexities that have eluded us for many years.

The warm and intimate intellectual relationships that are established between teacher and student in the laboratory in the course of conducting research together, which constitute the. training process. I have had the pleasure and personal gratification of training in my laboratory more than 80 younger scientists, many of whom have made very successful careers, and made important contributions themselves. Several of my students have been of Chinese descent.

What about the future？ I am convinced that the future will be even more exciting than the past. As I told my grandson, I very much envy him and I would like to be his age and have the opportunity to become again a scientist, starting in another field, and to have a chance to push further the frontiers of knowledge. I urge many of you, who read these line, to do the same. Science is a very exciting experience as well as a worthwhile life goal, because only those undertakings that challenge us to develop our minds and energies to attempt the unattainable are worthy of us.

If I had been given the chance to live another life as a scientist in the 21st century I would study the brain and investigate the mechanism of consciousness, reasoning, logic and memory, and I would try to understand how this marvelous machine, that evolution has developed, is capable of analyzing itself and of understanding the world and reality. This is the ultimate challenge, which I dare you to devote your life to, and to solve for the glory and benef

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第9题

听力原文：The next stop on our tour is Jacoby Park. This is one of the oldest parks in the

town, built in memory of Trevor Jacoby, a famous poet and statesman. The flower clock you see to your right dates back to the nineteenth century. The park also has a musical fountain, with a spectacular sound and light show held every evening. Boating facilities are available at the lake for a small fee. Enjoy your visit and please be back here at 3 p.m. for the trip back to the hotel.

Who most likely is the speaker？

A．A park attendant.

B．A performer.

C．A visitor.

D．A tour guide.

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第10题

8 Ways to Cope with Your Mum Like most big projects, learning to manage your mother is bes

8 Ways to Cope with Your Mum

Like most big projects, learning to manage your mother is best tacked in smaller stages. Here are what I believe the eight best steps towards a better relationship with her. They are not necessarily surprising or revolutionary, but they have worked for many people. Try them.

Remember Your Mother's Age

As children, we often do not think of our mother as having an age. Even when we become conscious of her as an individual, age does not alter our view; she is still, primarily, our mother. Becoming aware of our mother's age, not just in number of years but in terms of her psychological and physical state, often helps us to understand her better.

Even if our mother is relatively young--perhaps only in their thirties--she grew up a generation earlier than we. She has probably lived her formative years (性格形成期) in a social environment in which attitudes towards matters such as divorce, abortion, higher education, unemployment and working mothers were different from those we have experienced. Her values may seem dated, but all the influences she had from her parents and peers have had an impact on the way she evolved as a person. It is unreasonable to expect her to change totally from the way she was brought up.

Listen to Your Mother

As we grow up, what our mother has told us often sounds not sophisticated enough for theworld we live in today. Yet I have found that sometimes the things my mother told me long ago are remarkably useful. So if your mother is still offering maxims (哲理) for your life, try to resist the temptation to reject them automatically.

Of course, she will sometimes tell you things with which you disagree, but if you can listen with an open mind you will encourage her to open up to you more fully. If your mother knows that you respect her point of view, even if you do not share it, it will help her feel close to you.

Remember That Your Mother Has a Past

A key step in managing our relationship with our mother is to find out about her early life.

Sometimes, in learning about our mother's past, we can construct her story by piecing together what we learn about her upbringing (成长)and her memories, and then, into this vision, placing our own observations of her. This encourages us to think about her life as her experience rather than as a mere recounting of events.

Ask Your Mother Simply and Directly How You Can Make Her Life Better

When I was 15 my mother was dying of cancer. I was aware that she was ill, but not know how seriously. That year I was determined to give her the best possible time for her birthday. I bought her a beautiful red dress and announced that I was going to take her out on the town, drive her up and down to see the sights and then to go see a film. But the driving made her feel sick, and finally she said, "Honey, I don't think I want to go to the movies after all. But I've had just the best time coming out with you." It was her last birthday. She died the following year.

This memory is painful for me, because in trying to Do the right thing, I got wrong: I did not ask her what she wanted, but just did what I thought was best. I was young, but even when were adults many of us remain trapped in childlike (and self-centered) conception of what our mother wants.

Ask Your Mother About Your Childhood History

Understanding your roots can help you know more clearly who you are, as part of a family which you share with your mother.

My husband and I made a "roots" journey to Arizona so that he could meet my 96-year-old Aunt Flossie before she died. Talking to her, we puzzled over why six children in the family had produced only two grandchildren--a question I had never before thought to ask. She said, "Oh, that's easy--my father (who was bo

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