CIf there is any single factor that makes success in living, it is the ability to be benef - 试题答案网问答

第1题

Observe a child: any one will do. You will see that not a day passes in which he does not

find something or other to make him happy, though he may be in tears the next moment. Then look at a man: any one of us will do. You will notice that weeks and months can pass in which every day is greeted with nothing more than resignation, and endured with polite indifference. Indeed, most men are as miserable as sinners, though they are too bored to sin—perhaps their sin is their indifference. But it is true that they so seldom smile, that when they do we do not recognize their face, so distorted it is from the fixed mask we take for granted. And even then a man can not smile like a child, for a child smiles with his eyes, whereas a man smiles with his lips alone. It is not a smile, but a grin: something to do with humor, but little to do with happiness. And then, as anyone can see, there is a point(but who can define that point？)when a man becomes an old man, and then he will smile again. It would seem that happiness is something to do with simplicity, and that it is the ability to extract pleasure from the simplest things such as a peach stone, for instance.

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第2题

Laziness is a sin, everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out tha

t laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to any thing in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever "lesser" work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating rescheduling their day.

Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators(拖延者), some people may look lazy when they are really thinking planning, contemplating, researching. We should all re member that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was "goofing off(游手好闲)". Newton wasn't working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone "lazy" build the car or stove we buy, particularly if that "laziness" were caused by the worker's taking time to check each step of his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being "lazy"--that is, taking time off for a rest --is good for a overworked student or executive. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor who's simply working himself overtime too many evenings, at the clinic. So be careful when you're tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book.

The main idea of this passage is that ______.

A．laziness is a moral sin

B．there are advantages and disadvantages in being lazy

C．laziness is the sin off deep-seated emotional problems

D．lazy people do more careful work

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第3题

Dear Sirs, This is to confirm your telex of 16 January, 2009 , asking us to make you firm offers f

Dear Sirs,

This is to confirm your telex of 16 January, 2009 , asking us to make you firm offers for rice and soybeans CIF Singapore.

We telexed you this morning offering you 300 metric tons of polished rice at $2400 per metric ton, G&F Singapore , for shipment during March/April 2009． This offer is firm, subject to the receipt of your reply before 10 February 2009.

Please note that we have quoted our most favourable price and are unable to entertain any counter offer.

With regard to soybeans, we advise you that the few lots we have at present are under offer elsewhere． If, however, you were to make us a suitable offer, there is a possibility of our supplying them． As you know, of late, it has been a heavy demand for these commodities and this has resulted in increased prices． You may, however, take advantage of the strengthening market if you send an immediate reply.

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第4题

审证：指出信用证中错误的地方、我方做不到或应注意的地方。 BANK MEES & HOPE NV. HAMBURG APPLICANT:

审证：指出信用证中错误的地方、我方做不到或应注意的地方。

BANK MEES & HOPE NV. HAMBURG

APPLICANT: SPAYER SERVICE MERCHANDISF,R B． V.

ADVISING BANK: BANK OF CHINA, TIANJIN, CHINA

DATE AND PLACE OF IEXPIRY: ls"SEPT. 1995IN HAMBURG

AMOUNT: USD 9000(SAY USD EIGHT THOUSAND)

SHIPMENT FROM CHINA 'ro HAMBURG NOT LATER rrHAN 20^THSEPT, 1995

DRAFT AT SIGHT DRAWN ON BENEFICIARY ACCOMPANIED BY 'rHE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS:

(1) SIGNED INVOICE COUNTER SIGNED BY APPLICANT

(2) CERT. OF ORICIN ISSUED BY BANK OF CHINA, TIANJIN

(3) SHIP'S CLASSIFICATION ISSUED BY LLOYYDS' IN LONDON

(4) FULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD OCEAN B/L, MADE OUT TO ORDER, BLANK ENDORSED, MARKED "FREIGHT PREPAID " AND NOTIFY BENEFICIARY, SHIPPER IS APPLICANT

(5) INSURANCE POLICY COVERINC AR & WR ADDIWG ON DF.CK CLAUSE'AS PER CIF FOR 150% INVOICE VALUE, CLAIM IF ANY, PAYABLE IN GERMANY.

(6) WEIGHT NOTE COUNTER SICNED BY APPLICANT

(7) INSPECTION CERT. ISSUFD BY ADVISING BANK

COVF.RINC: 10M/T BITTER APRICOT KERNELS 1GRADE @ USD 900PF.R M/T CIF HAMBURG

REMARKS: (1) ALL BANKING CHARGES ARE FOR BF,NEFICIARY'S ACCOUNT

(2) DRAFT AND DOCUNENTS TO BE SENT BY THE ADVISING BANK TO US WITHIN 24FIOURS BY REGISTERED AIRMAIL IN TWO LOTS

(3) SHIPPINC MARKS AS READ:

S S

ROTTERDAM

NO.1-UP

THIS CREDIT IS SUBJECT TO UCP NO. 500.

WE HEREBY ENGAGE THAT PAYMENT WILL BY DULY MADF. AGAINST DOCUMENT PRESENTED IN CONFORMITY WITH THE TERMS OF CREDIT.

BANK MEES & HOPE NV.

HAMBURC (SJCNED)

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第5题

International Trade Terms An intemational trade deal can involve up to four contracts and the impor

International Trade Terms

An intemational trade deal can involve up to four contracts and the importer must have a broad understanding of each of them. The four contracts are the contract of carriage , the export sales contract , the insurance contract and the contract of finance. There are three main areas of uncertainty as to which country's law will be applicable to their contracts; the difficulty emerging from inadequate and unreliable information; and the serious problem of the diversity of interpretation of th e various trade terms. The latter point can involve costly litigation and loss of much goodwill when a dispute over the interpretation of such terms arises.

The role of Incoterms 1990 is to give the business person a set of international rules for the interpretation of the more commonly used terms such as FOB, CIF and EXW in foreign trade contracts. Such a range of terms enables the businessperson to decide which is the most suitable for their needs , knowing that the interpretation of terms will not vary by individual country.

It must be recognized, however, that it is not always possible to give a precise interpretation. In such situations one musL rely on the custom of the trade or port. Businesspersons are advised to use terms that are subject to varying interpretations as little as possible and to rely on the well-established and intemationally accepted terms. To avoid any-misunderstandings or disputes, the parties to the contract are well advised to keep trading customs of individual countries in mind when negotiating their export sales contract. However,parties to the contract may use Incoterms as the general basis of their contract , but may specify variations of them or additions to them relevant to the particular trade or circumstances. An example is the CIF plus war risk insurance. The seller would base his quotation accordingly. Special provisions in the individual contract between the parties willoverride[1] anything in the Incoterm provisions.

A point to bear especially in mind is the need for caution in the variation, for example, of CFR,CIF or DDP. The addition of a word or letter could change the contract and its interpretation. It is essential that any such variation be explicitly stated in the contract to ensure each party to the contract to be aware of its obligations and act accordingly.

The buyer and seller parties Lo the contract must especially bear in mind that Incoterms only defines their relationship in contract terms, andhas no bearin directly or indirectly on[2] the carriers' obligations to them as found in the contract of carriage. However,the law of carriage will determine how the seller should fulfil his obligation to deliver the goods to the carrier on board the vessel as found in FOB, CFR and CIF. A further point to bear in mind by the seller and buyer is that there is no obligation for the seller to procure an msurance policy for the buyer's benefit. However, in practice, many contracts request the buyer or seller to arrange insurance from the point of departure in the country of dispatch to the point of final destination chosen by the buyer.

Incoterms 1990 can be divided into recommended usage by modes of transport as under all modes (i. e. combined transport) , EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAF, DDP, DDU; conventional port/sea transport only FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, DES, DEQ. Incoterms 1990 reflects the changes and development of international distribution during the past decade, especially the development of combined transportation and associated documentation together with electronic data interchange.

[1]比……重要

[2]与……没有直接或间接关系

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第6题

Key Points Concerning A Sales Contract A sales contract embodies a set of different terms such as q

Key Points Concerning A Sales Contract

A sales contract embodies a set of different terms such as quality, quantity, payments, delivery, and insurance, etc. When the exporter and customer are negotiating, they should consider and agree upon these terms. Apparently, each party hopes to stipulate terms favorable for himself. But arrangements which are advantageous to one party are often disadvantageous to the other party. Therefore, some practical suggestions and tactics should be given adequate importance in negotiation of a contract. In this sector, you will have a look on the problems international trade negotiators may face and suggestions in solving them.

Name of goods

It is recommended that the names of goods to be exported correspond to the names used in the customs lists of the importing country, in order to minimize problems at customs, and to facilitate calculation of import duties.

The exporter should be consistent in the names he uses for his products, referring to them precisely as he does in the catalogs he gives to the importers, for the purpose of avoiding any trouble of breach of an agreement for nonconforming goods.

Quantity

In indicating length, weight, volume and so on, the metric system should be used unless the sale is between countries which use another system.

For goods whose quantity could easily decrease during transportation, the biggest issue will be where and when to establish the quantity as a basis of payment and so on. The buyer wants the quantity to be determined upon receipt of the goods at his warehouse, while the seller wants to establish the quantity at the time of shipment at his plant. This issue can be solved only in connection with the closely related issues of risk of loss and insurance.

Quality

An order specifying goods "as per sample" is apt to lead to trouble, because often it is not made clear that a sample is first requested as a basis for future orders, and because it is not always clear just how much deviation from the sample will be tolerated. It is therefore recommended that the quality of goods be specified by specifications or detailed description of samples and that these specifications or descriptions be made a part of the agreement.

Price

The contract price will be closely related to the conditions of delivery, such as FOB, CFR, or CIF. One of these delivery terms will be chosen after consideration of the economic and political factors involved. The problem here is that these terms are not always understood to mean the same thing. For example, in common practice, delivery is deemed completed, and title to the product and the risk of loss pass to the importer, upon shipment. This definition of delivery is called FOB. However, the definition of FOB under Incoterms differs from the definition used in the USA. Therefore, to avoid the problems arising from the different possible meanings of these terms, it is highly recommended that each of these terms, whenever used in an agreement, be defined in it.

A drastic change in the foreign exchange rate could absorb all the profit expected from a transaction or could even cause a deficit. Both parties, therefore, may wish to establish their right to request a price change or to cancel the agreement in such a case. An importer can avoid this risk of foreign exchange rate by insisting on a price in his own country.

Destination

In the event that the destination port is too crowded , and the exporter's ship must wait for many days to enter the port, transportation expense will necessarily be increased. These will be borne by either the exporter or the importer depending upon the agreements made between the two. Even in CIF or CFR contracts, it is possible to provide that the importer will bear any additional port charge. If a port cannot be safely used because of war, the doctrine of force majeure usually excuses a ship from delivering products at the port. In such a case, the exporter should be allowed to deliver the goods at the nearest port possible, especially when the disabling disturbances continue for some time. In general, it is wise for the exporter to set forth in his contract a list of several ports at which the goods may be delivered.

Insurance

The exporter will want insurance to be taken out to cover war risks, strikes, riots, civil commotion, spontaneous combustion, and other risks of this type which are usually exempted from insurance. The exporter will want this coverage to be at the importer's expense, by means of including the insurance premiums in CIF or CFR prices. Both parties should keep in mind that taking out of insurance will be closely related to the contract clause that allocates the risk of loss. A conlract should make clear when and where the risk of loss or damage passes from the exporter to the importer. The exporter then need not worry about loss or damage after the risk has passed to the importer; and the importer need not worry about insurance covering damages that occur before the risk passes to him.

Customs duty

There will be no dispute over the common practice that customs duties are to be paid by the importer. However, the importer will argue that the exporter must pay any additional duties imposed as a result of the exporter's errors as to quantity or price indication, and that the exporter should pay any additional expense due to the exporter's mistake or mishandling.

The exporter will have to accept such an argument by the importer if the importer has provided clear instructions with regard to labeling, documentation, or other specifications affecting customs procedures with which the exporter has not complied.

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第7题

A: I've come about your offer for bristles. B: We have the offer ready for you． Let me see..． H

A: I've come about your offer for bristles.

B: We have the offer ready for you． Let me see..． Here it is． 100 cases of Tsingtao Bristles, 57mm, at..． pounds sterling per kilogram, CIF European Main Ports, for shipment in June, 2009． The offer is valid for three days.

A: Why, your price has soared．It's almost 25 % higher than last year's． It would be impossible for us to push any sales at such a price.

B: I'm a little surprised to hear you say that． You know very well that market for bristles has gone up a great deal in recent months． The price we offer compares favourably with quotations you can get elsewhere.

A: I'm afraid I can't agree with you there． I must point out that your price is higher than some of the quotations we have received from other sources.

B: But you must take the quality into consideration． Everyone in the trade knows that China's bristles are of superior quality to those from other countries.

A: I agree that yours are of better quality． But there's competition from synthetic products, too． You can't ignore that prices for synthetic bristles haven't changed much over the years.

B: There's practically no substitute for bristles for certain uses． That's why demand for natural bristles keeps rising in spite of cheaper synthetic ones． To be frank with you, if it were not for the long-standing relationship between us, we would hardly be willing to make you a firm offer at this price.

A: Well, we'll have a lot of difficulties in persuading our clients to buy at this price． But I'll have to try, I suppose.

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第8题

In the past, it was believed that depression（抑郁症) was more prevalent among the poorer a

In the past, it was believed that depression(抑郁症) was more prevalent among the poorer and less educated people, but that is not the case. The truth is, depression can afflict people from all walks of life, and often it hits the most ambitious, creative and conscientious. It is wrong to think that people on the corporate position of the social ladder are not prone(易于......的) to this disease. In fact, executives and professionals who are burdened with mounting pressures in their work may obsessed with all these pressures and become depressed. The suicide of Vincent Foster, a noted American lawyer and White House official is a case in point. Despite the honor of his position, which many people thought admirable, he felt overburdened with pressures and decided to take the easy way out.

Studies show that people born later in this century have experienced much more depression than those born earlier. In fact the rate of depression over the last two generations has increased tenfold. Experts theorize that it could be due to the fact that the younger generations have higher expectations from life and are therefore more likely to suffer from failure, disappointment and hence, depression.

Depression is easily recognizable. The depressed person feels sad or down in the dumps, and loses interest in even the most pleasurable activities. Moreover, he suffers from either significant gain or loss of weight, sleeplessness or over sleeping, sluggish movement and thinking, fatigue, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, impaired concentration and forgetfulness, and in extreme cases, the afflicted person may have suicidal tendencies. It is often believed that depression runs in the family, but this is not conclusively so, since there are eases where depressed persons do not have a history of depression in their families. Depression is often work-related although at times it has its roots in family relations.

People who suffer from depression need not stay in the closet, since it is not a sin or a shame to be depressed. A prompt visit to a psychologist means prompt treatment and hence prompt recovery. Experts guarantee that depression is easily treatable, and in nip-in-the-bud eases, the patient fully recovers in a few days, thanks to the variety of effective treatment available.

According to the author, depression ______.

A．affects the poor and poor educated people more than the rich and successful ones

B．seldom attacks executives

C．is not limited to any particular class of people

D．is caused by one's ambition

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第9题

HomosexualsMany homosexuals prefer to be called gay or, for women, lesbian．Most of them li

Homosexuals

Many homosexuals prefer to be called gay or, for women, lesbian．Most of them live quiet lives just__ (1) anyone else．Some gay people have always raised children, __ (2) or with partners, and the use of artificial insemination(人工授精)is increasing among lesbians.

Gay persons are in every kind of job． Some are very open about their homosexuality,and some are more private．Some__ (3) their sexual orientation as a biological given and others as a choice．For those women who see it as a choice, one reason often given is the inequality in most heterosexual(异性恋的)relationships.

Homosexuality has been common in most cultures throughout history and generally (4)．As a result, homosexual activity became a crime, __ (5) which the penalty in early courts was death．Homosexual behavior. is still__ (6) in many countries and the United States.

Homosexuality later came to be viewed widely as less a sin than a sickness, but now no mental-health professional(具有专业资格的人)any longer__ (7) homosexuality an illness．More recent theories to__ (8) for homosexuality have included those ,based on biological and sociological factors．To date, __ (9), there is no conclusive general theory that can explain the cause of homosexuality.

Attitudes__ (10) homosexuality began to change in the second half of the 20th century．Gays attribute this, in part, to their own struggle for their rights and pride in their orientation． Some large companies now __ (11) health-care benefits to the life partners of their gay employees．Many cities also have officially appointed lesbian and gay advisory (咨询的)committees．__ (12) some attitudes have changed, however, prejudice(偏见)

still exists, and in the late 1980s and early 1990s there were considerable shouts against homosexuals, with attempt to __ (13) laws forbidding the granting of basic civil rights to gays.

The AIDS epidemic, which started in the 1980s, has devastated(破坏的)the gay community and brought, it together as never before．The organized gay response to the lack of government financial support for fighting AIDS and to the needs of the thousands of AIDS victim, __ (14) they be gays or not, has been a model of community action．AIDS,however, has also __ (15) people with another reason for their prejudice.

第 51 题 A．alike

B．like

C．likely

D．liking

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