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Close human ties may make life longer, but not fuller.A．YB．NC．NG

Close human ties may make life longer, but not fuller.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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发布时间：2020-07-30

更多“Close human ties may make life longer, but not fuller.A．YB．NC．NG”相关的问题

第1题

Americans circle of close confidants has shrunk dramatically in the past two decades but

the number of people who say they【M1】______ have no one with whom to discuss important matters has more than doubled, according to a new study by sociologists at Duke University and the University of Arizona " The evidence shows that Americans have more confidants and those ties are also more【M2】______ family-based than they are used to be," said Lynn Smith-Lovin,【M3】______ Professor of Sociology at Duke University and one of the studys authors of Social Isolation in America: Changes in Core Discussion Networks Over Two Decades. The study compared data from 1985 to 2004 and found which【M4】______ the mean number of people with whom Americans can discuss matters important to them dropped by nearly one-third, from 2.94 people in 1985 to 2.08 in 2004. The study paints a picture of Americans social contacts a "densely connected, close,【M5】______ homogeneous set of ties slowly closing in on themselves,【M6】______ becoming smaller, more tightly interconnected, more focusing on【M7】______ the very strong bonds of the nuclear family." That means less contacts created through clubs, neighbors and【M8】______ organizations outside the home—a phenomenon popularly known as " bowling lonely," from the 2000 book of the same title by【M9】______ Robert D. Putnam. The researchers speculated that changes in communities and families, such as the increase in a number of【M10】______ hours that family members spend at work and the influence of Internet communication, may contribute to the decrease in the size of close-knit circles of friends and relatives.

【M1】

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第2题

In some countries, societal and familial treatment of the elderly usually reflects a great

degree of independence and individualism. Their【C1】______ support is often provided by social security or welfare systems, which【C2】______ dependence on their family.【C3】______, older people may seek their own friends【C4】______ become too emotionally dependent on their children. Senior citizens centers provide a(n)【C5】______ for peer-group association within ones own age groups. There are problems,【C6】______, with growing old, in the United States. Glorification of youth and【C7】______ to the aged have left many older people alienated and alone. Some families send their older relatives to nursing homes rather than【C8】______ them into the homes of the children or grandchildren. This【C9】______ of the elderly from the young has contributed【C10】______ the isolation of an increasingly large segment of society. On the other hand, there are many older people who【C11】______ to live in retirement communities【C12】______ they have the companionship of other older people and【C13】______ of many recreational and social activities close to home. The【C14】______ of the elderly can be further understood by distinguishing between nuclear and extended family structures. In the United States the nuclear family, which consists【C15】______ the father, the mother, and the children, is considered "the family". The extended family,【C16】______ in other cultures, includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and children in law. The【C17】______ between the nuclear and extended family is important【C18】______ it suggests the extent of family ties and obligations. In extended families the children and parents have【C19】______ ties and obligations to relatives. It is common in these families to support older family members,【C20】______ intensive contact with relatives, and to establish communal housing.

【C1】

A．commercial

B．financial

C．monetary

D．economical

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第3题

根据材料请回答 45～49 Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in l

根据材料请回答 45～49

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our in-terpersonal relationships.46 Social support consists of the exchange of resources a- mong people based on their interpersonal ties.Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles (困难)47 .Studiesover a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of so-cial support helps people fend off (挡开) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

48 .First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us.know that they value us.49 .Second other people.Of ten provide us with informational support. 50 .Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles.Finally, other people may give us instrumental support, financial aid, material resources, and needed services that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

A．People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties

B．They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them

C．Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties

D．Social support cushions (缓解) stress in a number of ways

E．Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of social companionship

F．One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances

第 45 题请选择（46）处的最佳答案

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第4题

Disease can be one of the most powerful factors in checking population growth. In crowded

conditions where many individuals of a species are living close together, the spread of pathogens(病原体)from one individual to another, occurs read fly. History shows many instances where human populations, crowded together in cities, have been almost wiped out by the rapid spread of disease. Modern orchard and forestry practice recognizes this fact and the close planting of trees of the same species is avoided. Mixed forests and orchards are the recognized procedure these days.

Apart from regulating population numbers in other species, disease has probably been the greatest factor in controlling the growth of the human population. In the mid-14th century, the Black Death wiped out 25 million people in Europe a lone, while as recently as 1918 over 21 million people died in a single year as a result of the influenza epidemic. The relative stability of the human population has been upset by advances in medical science. No longer does disease regulate human population growth in many parts of the world. Medical cures have prolonged life and upset the age structure of many populations, increasing the proportion of individuals in the reproductive age group.

The decrease in distribution and numbers of some species of native birds in New Zealand-the bellbird for example-has been attributed to disease rather than predation. Indeed, there are examples to show that disease has deliberately been used to control some animal populations. In Australia, for instance, the introduction of the myxomatosis(多发粘液瘤病) virus has drastically reduced the rabbit population in many areas, although increasing resistance to the disease is be coming apparent. Attempts to introduce myxomatosis into New Zealand as a means of rabbit population control have failed, mainly because the species of flea and mosquito that transmit the disease are absent in this country.

Research is currently being carried out to discover whether selected strains of virus can be used to control pathogenic bacteria that have developed a resistance to drugs. It is hoped that the virus will parasite(寄生于)and kill the bacteria without harming the organism that the bacteria has infected.

Why is the close planting of trees of the same species avoided in modern orchards and forests？

A．Because mixed forests and orchards are the recognized procedures these days.

B．Because trees of same species may cause the spread of disease.

C．Because modern orchards and forests are more specialized.

D．Because trees planted crowdedly do not have enough room to develop their roots.

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第5题

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our inter

personal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. (46) . Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles(困难). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off(挡开) illness, (47) .

(48) . First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties (49) . They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting(转移...注意力)us from our worries and troubles. (50) --financial aid, material resources, and needed services--that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

A. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.

B. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.

C. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support

D. People can't live without social support.

E. and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely

F. Second, other people often provide us with informational support.

(46) .

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第6题

People with strong social ties may simply have much to care for. They care for loved ones,

family, friends and get-togethers.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第7题

Although most of us believe that we communicate almost exclusively with words, research ha

s shown that nonverbal communication is at least as important. Gestures and tone of voice are important cues in determining others' responses to us. Individuals who are not aware of information conveyed nonverbally are at a social disadvantage. In fact, children who fail to "read" such messages tend to be unpopular and underachievers. Children who are overeager or speak loudly, for example, may offend other children, or adults. When they fail to adjust their behavior. on the basis of others' responses, they aggravate the situation.

Adults may offend their peers also by their inattention to nonverbal responses. The sense of personal space varies among individuals and cultures. The salesman who puts his arm around the shoulder of a prospective buyer should realize the possible consequences of his gesture. Physical contact conveys sense of intimacy that the relationship may or may not warrant. Standing very close to someone during a face-to-face conversation may produce a negative reaction. In fact, you may observe the person back away.

Practice and traditions are more permissive in some cultures than in ours. In most situations, those people of power often take or receive more space. Think of the teacher whose large desk is surrounded by more space than the students' smaller desks.

Tone of voice also conveys messages and emotions. "Beautiful" may be used to describe bouquet of roses or a black eye, but the tone of voice will not be the same. "Thanks a lot" can be said with genuine gratitude or with sarcasm.

Dog trainers report that dogs respond to tone of voice than to the particular words that are said. Dogs are often praised in a consistent tone of voice that may be slightly high-pitched and somewhat singsong. They will respond to this tone of voice with wagging tails even if the words don't match.

The main point of the article is that

A．dogs and humans communicate the same way.

B．gestures and tone of voice convey a great deal of information.

C．our system of communication is changing rapidly.

D．only human beings are capable of verbal communication.

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第8题

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23—30题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Friendly Relations with the people Around

1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness(归属)that you must have to feel secure. But, In fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himsefl in bound(一定的)to be a lonely wolf.

2 The need for companionship is closely realated to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.

3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don’t know them. When the game is over, you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.

4 An experience of this kind gives the clue(线索)to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companions become friends when these ties are formed.

5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances(熟人), you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.

第23题：Paragraph2 ______________

A Close Link Between Companionship and Belongingness

B How to Satisfy Other People’s Needs

C An Example of a Satisfying Relationship

D Difficulties in Establishing Friendships

E What Companionship Really Is

F Making Friends With New Acquaintances

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第9题

People have always wondered about these pictures inside their heads. But dreams come only

with sleep. It has been hard to find out more about them. People have tried to make their dreams work for them. Some people have thought dreams were a way into the past. Others have seen dreams as a path to follow. Some have even thought dreams could help the sick.

Dreams start when the" inner mind" is opened. This is the place where memories are stored. Often dreams are hard to understand. This is because the inner mind sometimes uses symbols.

Symbols are words or pictures that stand for something else. Most symbols stand for things that have just happened. They can also stand for thing that happened a long time ago. By using symbols, the inner mind can show people things in dream5 that they did not know about themselves. The symbol is another way of showing what really happened.

Dreams have close ties with sleep. People sleep 33 percent of their lives. This is called sleep time. People dream during 25 percent of sleep time.

While they are sleeping, people "tune out" the things around them. But when they dream, people may seem to sense the same things they de when they are awake. They may sometimes see, hear, taste, smell, and feel things in their dreams. These things often seem as real to people when they are asleep as when they are awake.

Even though sleeping people seem to be resting, their bodies are working. Scientists have found that the eyes of sleeping people are moving. They have also found out that their brains are sending out waves.

Why has it been difficult for people to find out more about dreams？

A．Different people have different ideas about dreams.

B．Different dreams have different meanings.

C．People can only have their dreams studied when they are sleeping.

D．People only have dreams when they are sick.

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第10题

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles (困难). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off (挡开) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移…注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid,material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

1. Interpersonal relationships are important because ________.

A) they are indispensable to people’s social well-being

B) they awaken people’s desire to exchange resources

C) they help people to cope with life in the information era

D) they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc

2. Research shows that people’s physical and mental health ________.

A) relies on the social welfare systems which support them

B) has much to do with the amount of support they get from others

C) depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles

D) is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives

3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions” (Line 1, Para. 2)？

A) Adds up to. B) Does away with.