回答题: Medicine Award Kicks off NobelPrize AnnouncementsTwo scientists who have won pr - 试题答案网问答

第1题

请根据短文内容，回答题。 Inventor of LEDWhen Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of v

请根据短文内容，回答题。

Inventor of LED

When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology.＜br＞

On April 23,2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors.＜br＞

"Anytime you get an award, big or little, it&39;s always a surprise," Holonyak said.＜br＞

Holonyak,75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s.＜br＞

After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches.＜br＞

Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective.＜br＞

Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didn&39;t realize how many uses they would have.＜br＞

"You don&39;t know in the beginning. You think you&39;re doing something important, you think it&39;s worth doing, but you really can&39;t tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just don&39;t know," he said.＜br＞

The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen,75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of "molecular sieves". That can separate molecules by size.

Holonyak‘s colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第2题

Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize AnnouncementsTwo scientists who have won praise for r

Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements

Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.

Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.

Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U. S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel.

Among the pair's possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors.

As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm's Karolinska Institute.

Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden's central bank.

Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.

Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor (US $1.3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists.

"Individual researchers probably don't look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they're at work," Jornvatl told The Associated Press. "They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions."

In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growth.

Who is NOT a likely candidate for this year's Nobel Prize in medicine？

A．Elizabeth Blackburn.

B．Carol Greider.

C．Linda Buck:

D．Pierre Chambon.

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第3题

根据以下材料，回答题Aromatherapy （芳香疗法）（1）Aromatherapy is a form. of alternative medici

根据以下材料，回答题

Aromatherapy （芳香疗法）

（1）Aromatherapy is a form. of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers， leaves， bark， branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils， such as almond （杏仁） oil， or they are diluted （稀释） with water. These solutions （溶液剂） can be rubbed on the skin， sprayed in the air， or applied as a compress （敷药） .

（2） Many people have aromatherapy massages （按摩）， and depending on the treatment a person is having， the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders. The massage is smooth and flowing， as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm. The sessions are tailored to the individual"s health and mood at the time， so every session is unique.

（3） Practioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream， where they can affect the whole body and promote healing. Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion， improves the function of respiratory system， reduces muscular aches and pains， and promotes muscle relaxation and tone. It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation， lower blood pressure， and help combat insomnia （失眠） and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches， anxiety， and mild depression.

（4） However， while aromatherapy may have real effects that promote a sense of well-being， some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers. While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on most people， it also suggests that aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness. Furthermore， not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial to health. There are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative effects on people with certain medical conditions. The study of aromatherapy is relatively new and unexplored. More research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects.

Paragragh 1__________ 查看材料

A.Current research into aromatherapy

B.Aromatherapy and conventional medicine

C.Different views about aromatherapy

D.Introduction to aromatherapy

E.Doubts about the benefits aromatherapy

F.Personalized aromatherapy massage

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第4题

根据下面材料，回答题。 Medical EducationIn 18th century colonial America, those who wante

根据下面材料，回答题。

Medical Education

In 18th century colonial America, those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London, Paris and Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at King&39;s College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine.

Following the American Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of King&39;s College) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division of Columbia University.

In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary (私营的) schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of which had 10W standards and poor facilities. In 1910 Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, the American Medical Association(AMA) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connection with teaching hospitals,and licensing of medical practitioners (开业医师) that survive to this day.

By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 1424 medical colleges recognized by the Liaison(联络) Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. D. degree; during the 1987-1988academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship (实习期) , receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners.

In 18th century America， higher institutions of learning that taught medicine __________. 查看材料

A.did not exist

B.were few in number

C.were better than those in Europe

D.were known for their teaching hospitals

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第5题

根据以下材料，回答题。A Success StoryAt 19， Ben Way is already a millionaire， and one of a

根据以下材料，回答题。

A Success Story

At 19， Ben Way is already a millionaire， and one of a growing number of teenagers who have（51 ） their fortune through the Internet.（52） makes Ben"s story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic， and was（53） by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write（54）."I wanted to prove them（55）"，says Ben， creator and director of Waysearch， a net search engine which can be used

（56） find goods in online shopping malls.

When he was eight， his local authorities provided him with a PC to help with school work.Although he was（57） to read the ，manuals， he had a natural ability with the computer，and（58） by his father， he soon began（59） people ~ 10 an hour for hisknowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he（60） up his own computer consultancy， Quad Computer， which he ran from his bedroom， and two years later he left school to（61） all his time to business.

"By this time the company had grown and ! needed to take on a（62） of employees to help me"， says Ben. "That enabled me to start doing business with（63） companies. " It was his ability to consistently.（64） difficult challenges that led him to win the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Waysearch， and he has recently signed a deal（65） 25 million with a private investment company， which will finance his search engine.

请在第__（51）__处填上正确答案。查看材料

A.taken

B.made

C.put

D.done

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第6题

阅读材料，回答题： Natural MedicinesSince earliest days, humans have used some kinds of me

阅读材料，回答题：

Natural Medicines

Since earliest days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because hu-mans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep hu-mans from dying out completely.

They were successful long before the time of modem medicine. Before the time of doctorswith white coats and shiny （发亮的）nstruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strangeand wonderful equipment.

Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have ex-pensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured. How？ By ancient meth-ods. By medicines that might seem mysterious, even magical （有魔力的）Traditional medicinesare neither mysterious nor magical, however.

Through the centuries, tribal (部落的) medicine men experimented with plants. They foundmany useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicinesmay provide the cure for some of today&39;s most serious diseases.

Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These naturalmedicines are used not just because people have no other form. of treatment. They are used be-cause people trust them. In developed areas, few people think about the source of the medicinesthey buy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources, especially plants.Some experts say more than 25 % of modem medicines come, in one way or another, from nature.

Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things containchemicals that help them survive. So scientists&39; interest in traditional medicine is not new. But ithas become an urgent concern. This is because the earth&39;s supply of natural medicines may bedropping rapidly.

The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were 查看材料

A.much more successful than modem ones

B.successful enough for humans to survive

C.successful in all cases

D.of little help to humans

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第7题

回答题：Natural MedicinesSince earliest days， humans have used some kinds of medicines. We

回答题：

Natural Medicines

Since earliest days， humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.

They were successful long before the time of modem medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny （发亮的） instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.

Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured. How？ By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious， even magical （有魔力的）. Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical， however.

Through the centuries， tribal （部落的） medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today"s most serious diseases.

Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form. of treatment. They are used be-cause people trust them. In developed areas， few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources， especially plants.Some experts say more than 25 % of modem medicines come， in one way or another， from nature.

Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive. So scientists" interest in traditional medicine is not new. But it has become an urgent concern. This is because the earth"s supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.

The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were 查看材料

A.much more successful than modem ones

B.successful enough for humans to survive

C.successful in all cases

D.of little help to humans

点击查看答案

第8题

根据以下材料，回答题。Natural MedicinesSince earliest days， humans have used some kinds of m

根据以下材料，回答题。

Natural Medicines

Since earliest days， humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.

They were successful long before the time of modem medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny （发亮的） instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.

Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured. How？ By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious， even magical （有魔力的）. Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical， however.

Through the centuries， tribal （部落的） medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today"s most serious diseases.

Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form. of treatment. They are used because people trust thegn. In developed areas， few people SiCk"about the source of the medicines they buy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources， especially plants.Some experts say more than 25 % of modem medicines come， in one way or another， from nature.

Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive. So scientists" interest in traditional medicine is not new. But it has become an urgent concern. This is because the earth"s supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.

The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were 查看材料

A.much more Successful than modem ones

B.successful enough for humans to survive

C.successful in all cases

D.of little help to humans

点击查看答案

第9题

阅读材料，回答题。 NanotechnologyMany of the grand challenges of today and the future are

阅读材料，回答题。

Nanotechnology

Many of the grand challenges of today and the future are found in the question: "How are we going to solve the problems and make serious improvements in industrial manufacturing, disease control, environmental pollution control, global climate change, food production, transportation, communication, and others？"

Nanotechnology (纳米技术 ) promises to make revolutionary contributions.Within the next few years we can expect to see major improvements. Here are some possibilities the things to come.Nanotechnology is fundamentally changing the way materials and devices will be produced in the future.

Nanostructures, ceramics, polymers, metals, and other materials will have greatly improved mechanical properties.In fact, with the ability to build things atom-by-atom and molecule-by-molecule there will be new classes of structural materials.Nanotechnology will enable products to be lighter, stronger, smarter, cheaper,cleaner, and more precise.

The ability to synthesize nanoscale budding blocks with precisely controlled size and composition and then to assemble them into larger structures with unique properties and functions will revolutionize segments of the materials manufacturing industry. Nanotechnology is expected to bring about lighter, stronger, and programmable materials ; reductions in life-cycle costs through lower failure rates; innovative devices based on new principles and architectures ; and use of molecular cluster manufacturing.

Nanotechnology will provide new tools for medicine.It could radically change the way surgery is done.It will make it possible to do molecular scale surgery to repair and rearrange cells.Since disease is the result of physical disorder, misarranged molecules and cells, medicine at this level should be able to cure most diseases.

Mutations in DNA could be repaired and cancer cells, toxic chemicals, and viruses could be destroyed through use of medical Nan devices.

Nanotechnology enabled increases in computational power will permit the characterization of macromolecular networks in realistic environments.Such simulations will be essential elements in the development of biocompatible implants and in the drug discovery process. Nanotechnology has the potential to significantly impact energy efficiency, storage, and production, Nanotechnology can change the economics of energy production.

The passage deals mainly with__________. 查看材料

A.grand challenge in manufacturing， medicine and computer industry

B.possibilities of nanotechnology"s contributions in the future

C.great changes caused by nanotechnology

D.practical application of nanotechnology

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第10题

阅读材料，回答题： Many Older Doctors Plan to Phase out Their PracticeThe results of a new

阅读材料，回答题：

Many Older Doctors Plan to Phase out Their Practice

The results of a new survey indicate that 48 percent of physicians between 50 and 65 years of age are planning to reduce or end their clinical practice in the next 1 to 3 years. The findings also suggest that many older physicians believe that their younger counterparts do not have the work ethic they do.

The survey, which was conducted by Merritt Hawkins&Associates, a Texas-based physician search and consulting finn, suggests that many older physicians are simply unhappy with the chan- ges that have taken place in medicine over the years.

"When Baby Boom doctors entered medicine they had control over how they practiced and the fee they charged. But the rules changed on them in mid-stream and now many are looking for a ticket out, "Mark Smith,executive vice president of merritt hawkins&Ass0ciates,said in a statement.

"our study is the only one I am aware of that examines the career plans 0f physicians in the50 -65 age group. "This age group represents more than one-third of all physicians in the U. S. If they stop working in the coming years, it will have a "significant impact" on the overall supply of physicians, Smith told Reuters Health.

The results of the survey,which included 1,170 respondents(调查对象) ,show that 24 per- cent of older physicians are planning to leave clinical practice all together in the next 1 to 3 years. Specifically,14 percent said they were planning on retiring,7 percent said they were looking for a medical job a non-patient care setting, and 3 percent said they were seeking a job in a non-medi- cal field.

For those physicians not leaving clinical practice, many said they would make changes to re- duce the number of patients they treat. For instance,12 percent said they would begin working part-time,8 percent said they planned to stop taking new patients or markedly reduce their patient load, and 4 percent expressed a desire to work on a temporary basis.

When asked about the work ethic of physicians entering practice today,68 percent of the re- spondents said that these younger doctors are not as dedicated or as hard working as physicians who entered practice 20 to 30 years ago.

Fifty-seven percent of older physicians said they would not recommend medicine as a career to their own children. Similarly,44 percent said they would not select medicine as a career if they were starting out today.

"The most ominous(不祥的 )finding is that about one half of physicians surveyed plant to ei- ther abandon patient care in the next 1 to 3 years, or significantly reduce the number of patients they see. "Smith said. "The U. S. already is facing a widespread shortage of physicians, should ol- der, &39; workhorse&39;physicians choose to opt out of patient care access to medical services will be fur- ther restricted.

Which is NOT true of physicians in the 50 -65 age group in the U. S ？查看材料

A.They are mostly baby boomers

B.They have nothing to complain about

C.Many of them plan to gradually stop their practice

D.They account for over one-third of all physicians in the country

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回答题： Medicine Award Kicks off NobelPrize AnnouncementsTwo scientists who have won pr