The making of glass is a very old industry -- at least 4 500 years old. Glass has many ext - 试题答案网问答

第1题

Glass is everywhere in our lives. It is so common 【21】______we hardly think about it. We 【

Glass is everywhere in our lives. It is so common 【21】______ we hardly think about it. We 【22】______ it when we look out of the window and if we wear glasses. We drink from it and sometimes eat from it. The light in our homes comes through glass windows in the daytime and from glass lights 【23】______ . Glass 【24】______ in homes, schools, businesses, industry, and automobiles.

Fortunately for us, glass is 【25】______ very inexpensive materials. The main material is sand from quartz rock. The mixture is heated until it becomes a syrupy 【26】______ . When the liquid cools, it becomes glass.

No one knows 【27】______ first discovered glass or how. Early humans used obsidian, a natural glass 【28】______ by volcanoes, to make tools and jewelry. People probably began making glass themselves around 3000 B.C. in Syria. Then in a war 【29】______ Egypt and Syria in 1400 B. C., Syria became part of Egypt. The Egyptians took Syrian glassmakers 【30】______ to Egypt, and over the centuries the entire eastern Mediterranean area became a glassmaking center.

Probably around 300 B.C. the blowpipe 【31】______ . Egyptian glassmakers developed the use of the blowpipe. They specialized 【32】______ beautiful jewelry, dishes, and other containers.

The Romans soon started making their own glass. Then they 【33】______ that glass could be used to make windows. 【34】______ centuries later, Europeans made magnificent church windows 【35】______ colored glass.

【36】______ 1900 companies have developed many new types of glass. Safety glass is a sandwich of glass and plastic. If it breaks, the pieces stay together 【37】______ flying in all directions. This invention is very useful 【38】______ automobile windows.

Today most glass is made 【39】______ machines in large factories. No one 【40】______ it. People use television and computers to control the machines.

【21】

A．that

B．which

C．where

D．as

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第2题

The making of glass is a very old industry—at least 4,500 years old. Glass has many extrao

rdinary qualities and it is often being used in new ways.

One of the most interesting new uses for glass is in telephone communication. Scientists have developed glass fibres as thin as human hair which are designed to carry light signals. When the light reaches the other end, it is first changed into electrical signals which are in turn changed into sound messages.

Called lightwave communication, the new system was used successfully in an experiment in Chicago in 1977. During the experiment, two glass fibres were able to carry 672 conversations at the same time. The lightwave cable, containing 144 glass fibres, is able to carry 50,000 conversations at the same time.

The lightwave communication system has two important advantages. First, the glass fibre cables are smaller and weigh less than copper cables. Second, they cost less.

Perhaps it can be said that telephone communication has entered the age of light.

According to the passage, people started to make glass ______.

A．4,500 years ago

B．nearly 4,500 years ago

C．less than 4,500 years ago

D．no less than 4,500 years ago

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第3题

Potash （the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis （the other being s

Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the other being soda, sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from the early Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being the product of heating a mixture of alkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil. Their importance in the communities of colonial North America need hardly be stressed. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass or soap making either would do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certain Mediterranean sea plants, potash from those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was more familiar to the early European settlers of the Noah American continent.

The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of the economy of colonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It was required for the glassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced in sufficient quantity to permit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of Jamestown. The second ship to arrive in the settlement from England included among its passengers exports in potash making.

The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs was piled up and burned in the open, and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the bottom, and water was poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles. The resulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was called potash. In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing of land for agriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land could be recovered by the sale of potash. Some potash was ex- ported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic, consisting mostly of shipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For de- spite the beginning of the trade at Jamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts "to encourage the making of potash," beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of the substance.

What aspect of potash does the passage mainly talks about？

A．How it was made.

B．Its value as a product for export.

C．How it differs from other alkalis.

D．Its importance in colonial North America.

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第4题

The blue of the sea is caused by the scattering of sunlight by tiny particles suspended in

the water. Blue light, being of short wavelength, is scattered more efficiently than light of longer wavelengths. Although waters of the open ocean are commonly some shade of blue, green water is commonly seen near coasts, especially in tropical or subtropical regions. This is caused by yellow pigments being mixed with blue water. Phytoplankton are one source of the yellow pigment. Other microscopic plants may color the water brown or brownish-red. Near the shore, silt or sediment in suspension can give water a brownish hue. Outflow of large rivers can often be observed many miles offshore by the coloration of suspended soil particles.

Marine phytoplankton (Greek for "plant wanderers") are microscopic single-celled plants that include diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids, green algae, and blue-green algae, among others. The growth of these organisms, which photosynthesize light, depends on a delicate balance of nutrient enrichment via vertical mixing, which is often limited by the availability of nitrogen and light. Diatoms are one-celled plants with patterned glass coverings. Each glass, or silicon dioxide box, is ornamented with species-specific designs, pits, and perforations making them popular with microscopists and, more recently, electron scanning microscopists.

Green water near coastlines is almost always caused by ______.

A．sand color

B．red pigments in coastal waters

C．blue pigment

D．reflected light and yellow pigment from plant life

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第5题

AOne hundred new bookstalls that will sell newspapers as well as books have been making th

A

One hundred new bookstalls that will sell newspapers as well as books have been making their debut on city streets since Saturday morning.

The newsstands are part of the city's efforts to improve the appearance of streets and neighborhoods. The newsstands' design, featuring large glass window, will help the customers to see what is on sale at a glance.

An electrical screen on the newsstands will announce immediately the arrival of. the latest papers. There will be 1,000 newsstands by the end of the year. The newly formed company will manage the stalls. According to sources from the company, over 80 percent of the people hired to operate the stands will be recruited from laid-off workers. This means the project will help ease the city's unemployment pressure, sources said.

All recruited will undergo a training programme and be dressed in green uniform. Municipal Vice Party Secretary Gong Xueping said the installation of the 100 stands was just the first step towards the objective of setting up 1,000 stands in the city by the end of the year.

He said the creation of the stalls would be of particular significance to the enhancement of the city's spiritual civilization. He also made some suggestions regarding the location, design and construction of the new stands and the renovation of the existing newsstands.

One hundred new bookstalls are set up to______.

[A] classify the bookstores

[B] beautify the streets and neighborhoods

[C] enrich people's minds with knowledge

[D] increase people' s purchasing power

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第6题

It was probably around 3,000 years ago that people first began making things to help them

measure the passage of time. Having noticed that shadows move around trees as the sun moves across the sky, someone drew a circle and put a stick in the center. As the sun passed overhead, people could tell which part of the day it was by noticing which mark on the circle the shadow fell across. These circles were called "sundials". Later, they were made of stone and metal to last longer.

Of course, a sundial did not work at night or on cloudy days, so men kept inventing(发明)other ways to keep trade of time. After glass blowing was invented, the hourglass came into use.

An hourglass is a glass container for measuring time n which sand moves slowly from the top half to the bottom in exactly one hour. The hourglass is turned over every hour so the sand could flow again.

One of the first clocks with a face and an hour hand was built for a king of France and placed in the tower of his palace. The clock did not show minutes or seconds. Since there were no planes or trains to catch, people were not worried about knowing the exact time. Gradually, clocks began to be popular and unusual. One clock was in the shape of a cart with a horse and driver. One of the wheels was the face of the clock.

Today, scientists have invented clocks that tell the correct time to a split second. Many electric clocks are often made with built-in radios, which can sometimes be set to turn on automatically (自动地). Thus, instead of an alarm(闹铃) ringing in your ear, you can hear soft music playing when it is time to get up. Some clocks will even start the coffee maker!

In the first paragraph, the word "sundial" refers to______.

A．the shadow of the sun

B．the circle on the ground

C．a tool to carry stones

D．a timekeeper

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第7题

One hundred new bookstalls that will sell newspapers as well as books have been making the

ir debut on city streets since Saturday morning.

The newsstands are part of the city's efforts to improve the appearance of streets and neighborhoods. The newsstands' design, featuring large glass window, will help the customers to see what is on sale at a glance.

An electrical screen on the newsstands will announce immediately the arrival of. the latest papers. There will be 1,000 newsstands by the end of the year. The newly formed company will manage the stalls. According to sources from the company, over 80 percent of the people hired to operate the stands will be recruited from laid-off workers. This means the project will help ease the city's unemployment pressure, sources said.

All recruited will undergo a training programme and be dressed in green uniform. Municipal Vice Party Secretary Gong Xueping said the installation of the 100 stands was just the first step towards the objective of setting up 1,000 stands in the city by the end of the year.

He said the creation of the stalls would be of particular significance to the enhancement of the city's spiritual civilization. He also made some suggestions regarding the location, design and construction of the new stands and the renovation of the existing newsstands.

One hundred new bookstalls are set up to______.

A．classify the bookstores

B．beautify the streets and neighborhoods

C．enrich people's minds with knowledge

D．increase people' s purchasing power

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第8题

Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production an

d lack of consumer demand for environment(环境) friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.

However, today more and more consumers are choosing "green" and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment. Before they buy a product, they ask questions like these: "Will this shampoo damage the environment？ .... Can this metal container be reused or can it only be used once？"

A recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it. This means that companies must now change the way they make ad sell their products to make sure that they are "green", that is, friendly to the environment.

Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products carry labels (标签) to show that the product is green. Some companies have made the manufacturing(生产) of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.

The concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business. No longer will the public accept the old attitude of "Buy it, use, it, throw it away, and forget it." The public pressure it on, and gradually business is cleaning up its act.

It becomes clear from the text that the driving force (动力)behind green products is ________.

A．public caring for the environment

B．companies desire for bigger sales

C．new ways of doing business

D．rapid growth of supermarkets

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第9题

My family and I recently returned from a trip to Alaska; a place that combines supernatura

l beauty with a breathtaking mount of bear risks. I'll start with some facts at a glance:

WHERE ALASKA IS: Way the hell far from you. Beyond Mars.

HOW YOU. GET THERE: You sit in a variety of airplanes for most of your adult life.

WHAT THEY HAVE THERE THAT WILL TRY TO KILL YOU: Bears.

I am quite serious about this. Although Alaska is now an official United States with modem conveniences such as rental' cars and frozen yogurt, it also contains a large number of admitted bears, striding freely about the landscape, and nobody seems to be the least bit alarmed about this. In fact, the Alaskans seem to be pround of it. You walk into a hotel or department store, and the first, thing you see is a glass case containing a stuffed bear the size of a real one. Our hotel had two of these. It was what we travel writers call "a two-bear hotel". Both bears were standing on their hind legs and striking a pose that said:" Welcome to Alaska! I'm going to tear your arms off !"

This struck me as an odd concept, greeting visitors with a showcase containing a major local hazard. It' s as if an anti-drug organization went around setting up glass display cases containing stuffed drug smugglers, with little plaques stating how much they weighed and where they were taken.

Anyway, we decided the best way to deal with our fear of bears was to become well informed about them, so we bought a book, Alaska Bear Tales. Here are some of the chapter rifles, which I am not making up:

"They'll Attack Without Warning"

"They'll Really Attack You"

"They Will Kill"

"Come Quick! I'm Being Eaten by a Bear!"

"They Can Be Funny"

Ha ha ! I bet they can. I bet Mr. and Mrs. Bear and a bundle of hilarity as they fight playfully over the remaining portion of a former tourist plumped up by airline food. But just the same, I' m glad that the only actual, nonstuffed, practicing bears that we saw were in the zoo.

What is the tone of the story？

A．Serious.

B．Complex.

C．Comic.

D．Disapproving.

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第10题

My family and I recently returned from a trip to Alaska, a place that combines supernatura

l beauty with a breathtaking amount of bear risks. I'll start with some facts at a glance:

WHERE ALASKA IS: Way the hell far from you. Beyond Mars.

HOW YOU GET THERE: You sit in a variety of airplanes for most of your adult life.

WHAT THEY HAVE THERE THAT WILL TRY TO KILL YOU: Bears.

I am quite serious about this. Although Alaska is now an official state in the United States with modem conveniences such as rental cars and frozen yogurt, it also allows a large number of admitted bears to stride freely, and nobody seems to be the least bit alarmed about this. In fact, the Alaskans seem to be proud of it. You walk into a hotel or department store, and the first thing you see is a glass case containing a stuffed bear the size of a real one. Our hotel had two of these. It was what we travel writers call "a two-bear hotel". Both bears were standing on their hind legs and striking a pose that said: "Welcome to Alaska! I'm going to tear your arms off!"

This struck me as an odd concept, greeting visitors with a showcase containing a major local hazard. It's as if an anti-drug organization went around setting up glass display cases containing stuffed drug smugglers(走私者), with little plaques (胸章)stating how much they weighed and where they were taken.

Anyway, we decided the best way to deal with our fear of bears was to become well informed about them, so we bought a book, Alaska Bear Tales. Here are some of the chapter titles, which I am not making up:

"They'll Attack Without Warning"

"They'll Really Attack You"

"They Will Kill"

"Come Quick] I'm Being Eaten by a Bear!"

"They Can Be Funny"

Ha-ha! I bet they can. I bet Mr. and Mrs. Bear will fight playfully over the remaining portion of a former tourist plumped up by airline food. But just the same, I'm glad that the only actual bears that we saw were in the zoo.

What is the tone of the story？

A．Serious.

B．Complex.

C．Comic.

D．Disapproving.

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