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In 2000, a DNA test found the murder immediately.
A．正确
B．错误
答案
更多“In 2000, a DNA test found the murder immediately.A．正确B．错误”相关的问题
第2题
The DNA test found the murder was a 14-year-old boy.
A．正确
B．错误
第3题
People question the reliability of DNA fingerprinting for
A.the subjective interpretation of test results
B.its complex procedure
C.its large scale research
D.its uniform. testing standards
第4题
DNA Fingerprinting
？？ DNA isthe genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things. Inmammals the strands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes. Withthe exception of identical sib- lings (as in identical twins) , the completeDNA of each individual is unique.
？？DNAfingerprinting is somet？？imes called DNA typing. It is a method of identificationthat compares bits of DNA. A DNA fingerprint is constructed by first drawingout a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid such as hair, blood, or saliva. Thesample is then segmented using enzymes, and the segments are arranged by size.The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-ray film, where they forma pattern of black bars-the DNA fingerprint. If the DNA fingerprints producedfrom two differ- ent samples match, the two samples probably came from the sameperson.？？
？？DNAfingerprinting was first developed as all identification technique in 1985.Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it soon came to beused in criminal investigations and legal af- fairs. The first criminal convictionbased on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1988. In criminalinvestigations, DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crimescene are com- pared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects. Generally, courtshave accepted the reliability of DNA tes- ting and admitted DNA test resultsinto evidence. However, DNA fingerprinting is controversial in a number ofareas:the accuracy of the results, the cost of testing, and the possible misuseof the tech-nique.
？？ Theaccuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged for several reasons. First？？,because DNA seg-ments rather than complete DNA strands are"fingerprinted": a DNA fingerprint may not be unique; large-scaleresearch to confirm the uniqueness of DNA fingerprinting test results has notbeen conducted. In addi-tion, DNA fingerprinting is often done in privatelaboratories that may not follow uniform. testing standards and qualitycontrols. Also, since human beings must interpret the test, human error couldlead to false re-sults.
？？ DNA fingerprinting is expen？？sive. Suspectswho are unable to provide their own DNA to experts may not be able tosuccessfully defend themselves against charges based on DNA evidence.
？？ Widespread use of DNA testing for identification purposes may lead tothe establishment of a DNA fingerprint database？？.？？
？？ According to the essay, we can findchromosomes ________？？
A.in a fish
B.in a tree
C.in a sheep
D.in a rock
第5题
DNA Fingerprinting
DNA is the genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all livingthings. In mammals(哺乳动物)the strands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes(染色体). With the exceptionof identical twins, the complete DNA of each individual is unique.
DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNAtyping. It is a method of identification that compares bits of DNA. A DNAfingerprint is constructed by first drawing out a DNA sample from body tissueor fluid such as hair, blood, or saliva(唾液). The sample is then segmented using enzymesc酶) , and the segmentsare arranged by size. The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-rayfilm,where they form. a pattern of black bars-the DNA fingerprint. If the DNAfingerprints produced from two different samples match, the two samplesprobably came from the same person.
DNA fingerprinting was firstdeveloped as an identification technique in 1985. Originally used to detect thepresence of genetic diseases, it soon came to be used in criminalinvestigations and legal af-fairs. The first criminal conviction based on DNAevidence in theUnited Statesoccurred in 1988. In criminalinvestigations, DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crimescene are com-pared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects. Generally, courts haveaccepted the reliability of DNA tes-ting and admitted DNA test results intoevidence. However, DNA fingerprinting is controversial in a number of areas:the accuracy of the results, the cost of testing, and the possible misuse of thetech-nique.
The accuracy of DNAfingerprinting has been challenged for several reasons. First, because DNAsegments rather than complete DNA strands are "fingerprinted"; a DNAfingerprint may not be unique; large-scale research to confirm the uniquenessof DNA fingerprinting test results has not been conducted. In addition, DNAfingerprinting is often done in private Iaboratories that may not followuniform. testing standards and quality controls. Also, since human beings mustinterpret the test, human error could lead to false results.
DNA fingerprinting isexpensive. Suspects who are unable to provide their own DNA to experts may notbe able to successfully defend themselves against charges based on DNAevidence.
Widespread use of DNA testingfor identification purposes may lead to the establishment of a DNA fingerprintdatabase.
If two sisters are identical twins, their complete DNAs are
A.the same
B.unique
C.different
D.similar
第6题
根据以下材料，回答题
DNA Fingerprinting
DNA is the genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things. In mammals the strands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes. With the exception of identical siblings （as in identical twins）， the complete DNA of each individual is unique.
DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNA typing. It is a method of identification that compares bits of DNA. A DAN fingerprint is constructed by first drawing out a DNA sample front body tissue or fluid such as hair， blood， or saliva. The sample is then segmented using enzymes，and the segments are arranged by size. The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-ray film， where they form. a pattern of black bars- the DNA fingerprint. If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match， the two samples probably came from the same person.
DNA fingerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in 1985. Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases， it soon came to be used in criminal investigations and legal affairs. The first criminal conviction based on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1988. In criminal investigations， DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crime scene are compared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects. Generally， courts have accepted the reliability of DNA testing and admitted DNA test results into evidence. However， DNA fingerprinting is controversial in a number of areas: the accuracy of the results， the cost of testing，and the possible misuse of the technique.
The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged for several reasons. First， because DNA segments rather than complete DNA strands are "fingerprinted" ; a DNA fingerprint may not be unique; large-scale research to confirn the uniqueness of DNA fingerprinting test results has not been conducted. In addition， DNA fingerprinting is often done in private laboratories that may not follow uniform. testing standards and quality controls. Also， since human beings must interpret the test， human error could lead to false results.
DNA fingerprinting is expensive. Suspects who are unable to provide their own DNA to experts may not be able to successfully defend themselves against charges based on DNA evidence.
Widespread use of DNA testing for identification purposes may lead to the establishment of a DNA fingerprint database.
If two sisters are identical twins， their complete DNAs are __________. 查看材料
A.the same
B.unique
C.different
D.similar
第7题
Question 5
1. You are auditing a business, May Company for 1999 and 2000. You discover that May Company has adopted the following treatment of certain items in the accounts.
—In 1999, inventory valuation method was FIFO, but in 2000 LIFO method has been used, as the prices is rising.
—Insurance expense from 1 July 2000 to 1 July 2001 has been absolutely recorded in the accounts for expenses incurred.
Required:
State the fundamental accounting concept which governs each of the above two treatments:
(a)inventory valuation method
(b)insurance expense
and discuss the effect which each treatment will have on the following financial ratios:
(i)net profit margin
(ii)return on capital employed
(iii)current ratio
(iv)quick (acid test)ratio
第8题
It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal(fatherly)wisdom — or at least confirm that hes the kids dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for paternity testing kit(PTK)at his local drugstore — and another $120 to get the results.
More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2,500.
Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption, DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists — and supports businesses that offer to search for a familys geographic roots.
Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva(唾液)in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.
But some observers are skeptical. "There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing," says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors — numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage(世系), either the Y chromosome(染色体)inherited through men in a fathers line or mitochondrial(线粒体)DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies dont rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a persons test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results.
According to the passage, what is PTK used to？
A．locate one"s birth place.
B．promote genetic research.
C．find out if one is the father of a child.
D．help improve one"s intelligence.
第9题
Antibiotic resistance doesn't just make pathogens(病原体) difficult to treat, It also makes them harder to track Traditionally, epidemiologists(流行病专家)following the paths of disease-causing microbes have identified their suspects by features of bacterial polysaccharide(多糖) coats, susceptibility to different antibiotics, or other schemes But these tracking techniques "are losing their relevance (相关性,实用性), "says Alexander Tomasz, a microbiologist at Rockefeller University in New York City. With the increase in drug resistance, a variety of resistant microbes can now wear the same coat or be resistant to the same drugs, making it harder and harder to keep tabs on individual strains (菌株).
Epidemiologists, therefore, are increasingly turning to more precise molecular typing techniques, such as DNA fingerprinting, to distinguish resistant strains.
DNA typing tools are, of course, not new. Indeed, some DNA-based methods, such as comparing plasmids (质体)(small rings of DNA outside the chromosomes 〈染色体〉), have been used by epidemiologists to track infections since the 1970s. but since plasmid DNA is transferred easily and often between different strains, that technique too has its limitations.
More recent techniques use restriction enzymes to cut apart entire bacterial chromosomes into strain-specific fragment patterns, Another method uses specific radiolabeled (放射标汇的) DNA probes, in a technique known as Southern hybridization(杂交), to test for the presence of a particular drug-resistance gene in a bacterial strain. "Such tools give epidemiologists, unprecedented resolving power for identifying reservoirs and transition routes of genes and pathogens, "says Tomasz. That has helped researchers track a number of drug-resistant clones as they travel vast distances.
Such tracking methods also "help us learn about the mechanism of resistance, "says CDC(疾病控制和预防中心) epidemiologist Robert Breiman. Resistance grows, he explains, either as one resistant organism spreads from one location to the next—as in the Brazilian MRSA(耐甲氧苯青素金黄色葡萄球菌)—or as different strains and even species of microbes share the genes responsible for drug resistance, as a series of studies of vancomycin(万古霉素) resistance recently demonstrated.
That knowledge also helps public health officials combat the spread. If resistance spreads "horizontally'as a microbe increases its range, Breiman says it's important to focus prevention efforts on minimizing person-to-person spread in hospitals and day-care centers. If, however, resistance genes are jumping between organisms, that suggests that overly aggressive antibiotic treatment is encouraging nonresistant bugs to acquire new genes. "In such cases, the focus needs to be on controlling anti-microbial use, "says Breiman. The hoped-for result: fewer infections to track.
Aspirin is one of the world's oldest pain remedies.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
第10题
Genetic Testing
Genetic testing is transforming medicine and the way families think about their health. As science uncovers the complicated secrets of DNA, we face difficult choices and new challenges. About Genetic Testing
The year was 1895 and Pauline Gross, a young actress, was scared. Gross knew nothing about the human-genome (基因组，染色体组) project--such medical triumphs, but she did know about a nasty disease called cancer, and it was running through her family. "I'm healthy now," she often told Dr. Aldred Warthin a pathologist at the University of Michigan, "but I fully expect to die an early death."
At the time, Gross's prediction was based solely on observation: family members had died of cancer; she would, too. Today, more than 100 years later, Gross's relatives have a much more clinical option: genetic testing. With a simple blood test, they can peer into their own DNA, learning--while still perfectly healthy--whether they carry an inheritable gene mutation (突变) that has dogged their family for decades and puts them at serious risk.
Take the Testing
Testing is just one piece of the genomic revolution. A major goal is to create new sophisticated therapies that home in on a disease's biological source, then fix the problem. Already, genes are helping to predict a patient's response to existing medications. A prime example, taken by Dr. Wylie Burke of the University of Washington, is a variant of a gene called TPMT, which can lead to life-threatening reactions to certain doses of chemotherapy (化学疗法). A genetic test can guide safe and appropriate treatment. Two genes have been identified that influence a person's response to some anti-blood-clotting drug. And scientists are uncovering genetic differences in the way people respond to other widely used medications, like antidepressants (搞抑郁药).
Knowing a patient's genotype, or genetic profile, may also help researchers uncover new preventive therapies for sticky diseases. At Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dr. Christopher Ross has tested several compounds shown to slow the progression of Huntington's in mice. Now he wants to test them in people who are positive for the Huntington's mutation but have not developed symptoms--a novel approach to clinical drug trials, which almost always involve sick people seeking cures. "We're using genetics to move from treating the disease after it happens," he says, "to preventing the worst symptoms of the disease before it happens."
It's not just their own health that people care about. There is also the desire to get rid of disease from the family tree. Therefore, the future is what drives many adults to the clinic. The gene tests currently offered for certain diseases, like breast cancer, affect only a small percentage of total cases. Inherited mutations contribute to just 5 to 10 percent of all breast cancers. But the impact on a single life can be huge. The key: being able to do something to ward off disease. "Genetic testing offers us profound insight," says Dr. Stephen Gruber, of the University of Michigan. "But it has to be balanced with our ability to care for these patients."
Genetic testing today starts at the earliest stages of life. Couples planning to have children can be screened prior to conception to see if they are carriers of genetic diseases; prenatal (产前) tests are offered during pregnancy, and states now screen newborns for as many as 29 conditions, the majority of them genetic disorders. For Jana and Tom Monaco, of Woodbridge, Va. , early testing has made an enormous difference in the lives of their children. Their journey began in 2001, when their seemingly healthy third child, 3-year-old Stephen, developed a life-threatening stomach virus that led to severe brain damage. His diagnosis: a rare but treatable disease called isovaleric acidemia (IVA). Unknowingly, Jana and her husband were carriers
A．stroke
B．cancer
C．SARS
D．AIDS
