Some terms used in job titles 职位称呼
第1题
A、In terms of the concepts and categories used, a system of educational concepts, categories and concepts has been formed which specifically reflect the essence and law of education
B、There are mainly: the object of study, education has become a special research field
C、In terms of research methods, there is a scientifi'" research method
D、In terms of research results, some seialiedd and systematic works on pedagogy have appeared
第2题
Statistics used in the first paragraph are intended to ______.
A.compare the behavior. of urban and suburban kids in terms of some social problems
B.highlight the gravity of some social problems involving kids
C.show the author"s well-informedness
D.draw attention to the seriousness of problems with suburban kids
第3题
Dear Sir or Madam,
J & S Co. has (141) us that you manufacture cotton textiles for children and adults. Would you please send us (142) of your various ranges, including sizes, colors and prices, and also samples of the different qualities of material used?
We deal with fabrics in large quantities and believe there must be a promising market for moderately priced goods of the kind mentioned above.
When (143), please state the terms of payment and discounts you would like to allow on purchases of quantities of not less than three thousand of individual items.
(41)
A.informed
B.announced
C.made
D.explained
第4题
Every language reflects the culture of the people who speak it. In Arabic, there are several hundred terms for camels. This is because camels have been an extremely important part of Arabian desert life. Think at some words for different parts of a car. Do you think all languages contain such words? If a culture has never' used a thing, it probably will have no word for that thing.
Hew many people in the world speak Chinese?
(8)
A.More than 300 million.
B.More than 350 million.
C.More than 830 million.
D.About 930 million.
第5题
A sales contract embodies a set of different terms such as quality, quantity, payments, delivery, and insurance, etc. When the exporter and customer are negotiating, they should consider and agree upon these terms. Apparently, each party hopes to stipulate terms favorable for himself. But arrangements which are advantageous to one party are often disadvantageous to the other party. Therefore, some practical suggestions and tactics should be given adequate importance in negotiation of a contract. In this sector, you will have a look on the problems international trade negotiators may face and suggestions in solving them.
Name of goods
It is recommended that the names of goods to be exported correspond to the names used in the customs lists of the importing country, in order to minimize problems at customs, and to facilitate calculation of import duties.
The exporter should be consistent in the names he uses for his products, referring to them precisely as he does in the catalogs he gives to the importers, for the purpose of avoiding any trouble of breach of an agreement for nonconforming goods.
Quantity
In indicating length, weight, volume and so on, the metric system should be used unless the sale is between countries which use another system.
For goods whose quantity could easily decrease during transportation, the biggest issue will be where and when to establish the quantity as a basis of payment and so on. The buyer wants the quantity to be determined upon receipt of the goods at his warehouse, while the seller wants to establish the quantity at the time of shipment at his plant. This issue can be solved only in connection with the closely related issues of risk of loss and insurance.
Quality
An order specifying goods "as per sample" is apt to lead to trouble, because often it is not made clear that a sample is first requested as a basis for future orders, and because it is not always clear just how much deviation from the sample will be tolerated. It is therefore recommended that the quality of goods be specified by specifications or detailed description of samples and that these specifications or descriptions be made a part of the agreement.
Price
The contract price will be closely related to the conditions of delivery, such as FOB, CFR, or CIF. One of these delivery terms will be chosen after consideration of the economic and political factors involved. The problem here is that these terms are not always understood to mean the same thing. For example, in common practice, delivery is deemed completed, and title to the product and the risk of loss pass to the importer, upon shipment. This definition of delivery is called FOB. However, the definition of FOB under Incoterms differs from the definition used in the USA. Therefore, to avoid the problems arising from the different possible meanings of these terms, it is highly recommended that each of these terms, whenever used in an agreement, be defined in it.
A drastic change in the foreign exchange rate could absorb all the profit expected from a transaction or could even cause a deficit. Both parties, therefore, may wish to establish their right to request a price change or to cancel the agreement in such a case. An importer can avoid this risk of foreign exchange rate by insisting on a price in his own country.
Destination
In the event that the destination port is too crowded , and the exporter's ship must wait for many days to enter the port, transportation expense will necessarily be increased. These will be borne by either the exporter or the importer depending upon the agreements made between the two. Even in CIF or CFR contracts, it is possible to provide that the importer will bear any additional port charge. If a port cannot be safely used because of war, the doctrine of force majeure usually excuses a ship from delivering products at the port. In such a case, the exporter should be allowed to deliver the goods at the nearest port possible, especially when the disabling disturbances continue for some time. In general, it is wise for the exporter to set forth in his contract a list of several ports at which the goods may be delivered.
Insurance
The exporter will want insurance to be taken out to cover war risks, strikes, riots, civil commotion, spontaneous combustion, and other risks of this type which are usually exempted from insurance. The exporter will want this coverage to be at the importer's expense, by means of including the insurance premiums in CIF or CFR prices. Both parties should keep in mind that taking out of insurance will be closely related to the contract clause that allocates the risk of loss. A conlract should make clear when and where the risk of loss or damage passes from the exporter to the importer. The exporter then need not worry about loss or damage after the risk has passed to the importer; and the importer need not worry about insurance covering damages that occur before the risk passes to him.
Customs duty
There will be no dispute over the common practice that customs duties are to be paid by the importer. However, the importer will argue that the exporter must pay any additional duties imposed as a result of the exporter's errors as to quantity or price indication, and that the exporter should pay any additional expense due to the exporter's mistake or mishandling.
The exporter will have to accept such an argument by the importer if the importer has provided clear instructions with regard to labeling, documentation, or other specifications affecting customs procedures with which the exporter has not complied.
Questions for reading :
第6题
Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.
It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.
Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard," "colloquial," and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.
Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
A.Standard speech.
B.Idiomatic speech.
C.Different types of speech.
D.Dictionary. usage.
第7题
Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.
It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.
Finally, it is worth noticed that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.
How many categories can language be classified into?
A.One.
B.Two.
C.Three.
D.Four.
第8题
Brands
The word brand is a comprehensive term that encompasses other narrower terms. A brand is a name, term, symbol, and/or special design that is intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers. A brand differentiates one seller's products from those of competitors. A brand name consists of words, letters, and/or numbers that can be vocalized. A brand mark is the part of the brand that appears in the form. of a symbol, design, or distinctive coloring or lettering. It is recognized by sight but may not be expressed when a person, pronounces the brand name.
A trademark is a brand that is given legal protection because, under the law, it has been appropriated by one seller. Thus trademark is essentially a legal term. All trademarks are brands and thus include the words, letters, or numbers that can be pronounced. They may also include a pictorial design, Some people erroneously believe that the trademark is only the pictorial part of the brand.
One major method of classifying brands is on the basis of who owns them — producers or middlemen. Sunbeam, Florsheim, Spalding (athletic products), and Sara Lee are producers' brands, while Allstate, Shurfine, Sysco, Craftsman, and Penncrest are middlemen's brands.
The terms national and private have been used to describe producer and middleman brand ownership, respectively. However, marketing people prefer the producer-middleman terminology. To say that the brand of poultry feed marketed in three states by a small Birmingham, Alabama, manufacturer is a national brand, whereas the brands of Penney's or Sears are private brands, stretches the meaning of the terms national and private.
"Brand" is a general term which covers narrower terms such as "brand name", "brand mark", and "trademark."
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第9题
听力原文: Although people often use the phrase "the dictionary", there are many different kinds of dictionaries, some general and some specialized. General dictionaries are all-purpose dictionaries that contain a broad range of words and common usage. The first general dictionary that you used was probably a school dictionary. These dictionaries contain relatively few words and emphasize common words that you are most likely to encounter in your school years.
Later, most people acquire a college dictionary. These dictionaries have more than 150, 000 entries with detailed definitions that are sufficient for most college students as well as general users. They also separately list abbreviations, biographical and geographical names, foreign words and phrases and tables of measures. The Random House Websters College Dictionary and the American Heritage Dictionary are well-known college dictionaries.
For scholars or researchers, un abridged dictionary provides as many as 500,000 entries that have detailed definitions and extensive word histories. You will find these dictionaries primarily in libraries and they often spend several volumes. Specialized dictionaries such as the drinking water dictionary or dictionary of legal terms are also very useful for scholars or researchers.
(35)
A.One that is unabridged with detailed definitions.
B.One that contains fewer words and emphasizes on special words.
C.One that contains a broad range of words in common usage.
D.One that spans several volumes and has extensive word histories.
第10题
What Is Market?
The word market is used in a number of ways, There is a stock market and an auto- mobile market, a retail market for furniture and a wholesale market for furniture. One person may be going to the market; another may plan to market a product. What, then, is a market? A market may be defined as a place where buyers and sellers meet, goods or services are offered for sale, and .transfers of ownership occur. A market .may also be defined as the demand made by a certain group of potential buyers for goods or services. For instance, there is a farm market for petroleum products. The terms market and demand are often used interchangeably (可互换地) ; they may also be used jointly as market demand.
These definitions are not sufficiently precise to be useful to us here. For business purposes we define a market as people or organizations with wants (needs) to satisfy, money to spend, and the willingness to spend it. Thus in the market demand for any given product or service, there are three factors to consider--people or organizations with wants needs), their purchasing power, and their buying behavior,
We shall employ, the dictionary definition of needs: the lack of anything that is required, desired, or useful. We do not limit needs to the narrow physiological (生理的) requirements of food, clothing and shelter essential for survival. In our discussion the words needs and wants are used synonymously(同义地) and interchangeably. In a strict interpretation, however, needs would refer to such basic physiological requirements as food. clothing, and shelter, while wants .would be non-basic preferences. However, in our affluent (丰富的) society, little is to be gained by trying to differentiate (区分) between the two. Many of us would see as needs some items that are far beyond food, clothing and shelter.
第 16 题 Markets can be classified according to what is sold on a market and how goods are sold.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned