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[主观题]

？Read the findings below on psychology of consumption. ？Choose the best word to fill each

？Read the findings below on psychology of consumption.

？Choose the best word to fill each gap from A. B. C or D on the opposite page.

？For each question 19-33, mark one letter(A, B, C or D).

Pricing and the Psychology of Consumption

Ask any executive how pricing policies influence the demand for a product or service, and you'll get a confident, well-reasoned reply。Ask that same executive how pricing policies affect consumption—the extent to which customers use products or services that they've (19) for—and you'll get a muted response at best. It is found that managers rarely, if ever, think about consumption when they (20) prices—and that be an (21) oversight.

For many executives, the idea that they should (22) consumers' attention to the price that was paid for a product or service is counterintuitive. Companies have long (23) to mask the costs of their goods and services in order to boost sales. And rightly (24) —if a company fails to (25) theinitial sale, it won't have to worry about consumption. To promote sales, health club managers encouragemembers to get the payment out of the (26) early；HMOs encourage automatic payroll deductions；and cruise lines bundle small, specific costs into a single, all-inclusive (27) .

However, executives may be discouraging consumption when they (28) those pricing practices. People are more (29) to consume a product when they are (30) of its cost—when they feel'out of pocket'. But (31) pricing practices such as advance sales, season tickets, and price bundling all serve to mask howmuch a buyer has (32) on a given product, decreasing the likelihood that the buyer will actually use it. And a customer who doesn't use a product is unlikely to buy that product again. Executives who (33) those pricing tactics without considering their impact on consumption may be trading off long-term customer retention for shorf-term increases in sales.

(19)

A．funded

B．paid

C．bought

D．expended

答案

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发布时间：2020-09-11

更多“？Read the findings below on psychology of consumption. ？Choose the best word to fill each”相关的问题

第1题

What are the findings of recent survey？A．The reasons why-people don't read newspapers are

What are the findings of recent survey？

A．The reasons why-people don't read newspapers are more complicated than assumed.

B．There are more uneducated people among the wealthy than originally expected.

C．The number of newspaper readers is steadily increasing.

D．There are more nonreaders among young people nowadays.

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第2题

Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT？A．The findings of the court have now been ma

Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT？

A．The findings of the court have now been made public.

B．When was the United Nations established？

C．The Olympic Games begins in two years" time.

D．The minutes of the meeting were read and confirmed.

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第3题

•Read the following passage about successful business executives.•Are the sent

•Read the following passage about successful business executives.

•Are the sentences 16-22 "Right" or "Wrong"？ If there isn't enough information to answer "Right" or "Wrong", choose "Doesn't say".

•For each sentence (16-22), mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.

Why Seeing Is Succeeding

Robert Celik of the New York Business Institute tells

There are some executives who get it right. They launch winning products, and have a feeling for what customers like and dislike. They do not depend on research or secondary information, and yet they know the market extremely well.

Take Steve Banks, developer of the best-selling personal finance software, Nicat. He had noticed how difficult it was to use existing software products, and realized there was a gap in the market. Although 51 competing packages were available when Nicat was launched, it quickly succeeded in attracting the majority of customers.

Then consider the JR oil group who learnt that a new chain of hypermarket petrol stations was overtaking its own outlets. The competitor's success was due to a higher standard of service and facilities. The oil group's managers could have discovered this by going to observe these stations for ten minutes. Instead the oil group contacted an agency to carry out more market research.

One of the institute's most striking findings is that the best business strategists see things for themselves. They do not just analyze, but get out into the field with their customers, and gain first-hand experience of their products.

Successful executives base their strategies on reliable data about their clients' requirements.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Doesn't say

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第4题

A) phenomena B) priority C) preference D) suspicious E) controversial F) dominant G) attribute

A) phenomena

B) priority

C) preference

D) suspicious

E) controversial

F) dominant

G) attributes

H) assets

I) evolution

J) commenced

K) advanced

L) scatters

M) sheds

N) exist

O) survive

I have read The History and Geography of Human Genes by Luca Cavalli-Sforza but still have some questions. Even though the findings seemingly prove that races are essentially equal on a genetic level, there are differences unexplained. It was Darwin who first(1)the theory of natural selection. His notion was that certain characteristics that help that species(2)are selected over generations by that species. The species does not consciously make the choice for genetic(3)Instead, by surviving longer and being more fruitful, members of that species with the preferred genes gradually become the(4)breed. We may, as a species, all have(5)our existence in one location, but this was long long ago. Factors such as climate and other survival necessities have created needs for(6). I believe these factors have contributed to races evolving with different(7). This explains the(8)such as Asians receiving better science and math scores. It also(9)light on why there are so many excellent athletes from Africa. I understand that this is a particularly(10)statement. This is especially true in an age when races are mixing and the peoples of this planet are attempting to learn to live together.

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第5题

听力原文：A new federal study shows that adults made little progress in theft reading skill

听力原文： A new federal study shows that adults made little progress in theft reading skills between nineteen ninety-two and two thousand three？ Researchers tested nineteen thousand people over the age of sixteen. (29) Those who took part were tested on how well they could read and understand information used in everyday life. The study found that eleven million adults, or five percent, cannot read English. They could not answer even the easiest written questions. Four million of them most likely cannot speak English either. Fifty-six percent of adults can perform. moderate or complex .activities. Moderate can mean finding information in a book. Of that number, thirteen percent can perform. complex tasks like comparing two different newspaper commentaries. Researchers say part of the problem is that many young Americans do not read much for pleasure anymore. Also, there are greater numbers of non-English speaking immigrants. (30) Reading skills can directly affect the ability to earn a living. The best readers were found to earn up to twenty-eight thousand dollars a year more than those who lacked simple reading skills. Adult reading skills were about the same or lower across every level of education. This was true even among people who have completed college. By race and ethnic group, blacks and Asians had the biggest increases in English reading skills. Overall, American adults improved the most in answering questions that involved numbers. (31) The Department of Education says the literacy findings show the need for reforms especially at high school level.

(30)

A．The amount of vocabulary.

B．Ability of reading and comprehension.

C．English speaking.

D．Listening ability.

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第6题

After 20 years of marriage, a husband may still not understand his wife. How is it that sh

e is never at a【C1】______for words？ How can she【C2】______the names of a couple they met on【C3】______years ago？ Now we know【C4】______to tell him: It's her brain.

Although there are obviously cultural【C5】______for the differences in emotions and behavior,【C6】______breakthrough research reveals that the【C7】______of many puzzling differences between men and women may【C8】______in the head. Men's and women's brains【C9】______much in common, but they are definitely not the same【C10】______size, structure or insight. Broadly speaking, a woman's brain, like her body, is ten to fifteen percent smaller than a man's,【C11】______the regions dedicated to the language may be more densely【C12】______with brain cells.

Girls generally speak earlier and read faster. The reason may be【C13】______females use both sides of the brain when they read. In【C14】______, males rely only on the left side.

At every age, women's memories【C15】______men's. They have a greater ability to【C16】______names with faces than men do, and they are【C17】______at recalling list. The events people remember best are those that an emotion is attached to.【C18】______women use more of their right brains, which【C19】______emotions, they may do this automatically.

While we don't yet know what all these findings imply, one thing is【C20】______: Male and female brains do the same things, but they do them differently.

【C1】

A．loss

B．puzzle

C．slip

D．failure

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第7题

根据听力，回答: Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the

passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,you should check what you have written. A survey showed that American women are more concerned about losing weight than they are about suffering from cancer, heart disease or diabetes.More than half of the 3,000 women questioned in the (36)__________ by Meredith Corporation and NBC Universal were worried about diet and weight, compared to 23 percent who were (37) __________ about cancer and 20 percent who were (38) __________ bout their cardiovascular health. The women were asked to (39) __________ the health issues they were concerned about from a (40) __________ of 20 problems. The survey showed many women thought they should be (41__________ with more than 80 percent saying they were (42) __________. But just 43 percent said they were exercising at least three times a week, and 11 percent played team and individual sports. And less than two-thirds of all women said they get an annual (43) __________. "These findings should be a wake-up call to (44) __________ ." said Diane Salvatore, editor in chief of Ladies Home Journal, which is published by Meredith Corp. While the majority of women said they were overweight, (45) __________. But 40 percent said it was wrong for a man to tell a woman she was overweight. (46) __________ while 25 percent bought or adopted a pet, according to the survey. Four percent visited a spiritual or religious leader and one percent went to a hypnotist. 36._________________

A.Move into their dormitories.

B.Find their classrooms.

C.Memorize campus landmarks.

D.Complete their registration materials.

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第8题

New measurements taken from sleeping people explain,at least in part,why dreams tend

to have such bizarre but vivid storylines.The findings deal a blow to the Freudian interpretation of dreams but leave open the possibility that some useful personal meaning can be extracted from them.The main purpose of dreams,however,the authors of the new study believe,is to test whether the brain has had enough sleep and,if so,to wake it up.The new results show that in sleep,the frontal lobes of the brain are shut down.In the absence of activity in these lobes,which integrate other information and make sense of the outside world,the sleeping brain's images are driven by its emotional centers.The content of these dreams may be vivid and gripping but lacks coherence.The new results are consistent with the theory that memories are consolidated during sleep.From the pattern of activity that was recorded,"it seems that memories already in the system are being read out and filed in terms of their emotional salience,with is an extremely interesting idea,"said Dr.J.Allan Hobson of Harvard Medical School.The new measurements were made by applying the technique known as PET scanning to sleeping subjects.The biologists focused on the two forms of sleep,known as slow-wave sleep and REM sleep.REM sleep,so named because of the rapid eyeball movements that occur then,takes palce about four times during the night and is the phase from which the most vivid dreams are recalled.

问题：Accoding to this study,the purpose of the dreams is to ()

A、test if the brain has had enough sleep

B、show the dreams bizarre but vivid storylines

C、prove the correctness of the Freudian interpretation of dreams

D、extract some useful personal meanings from the dreams

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第9题

Never underestimate the learning power of play. One of Parks findings is that children 【C1

】______valuable learning opportunities when unstructured play is reduced or eliminated【C2】______more time in the classroom. "I think a lot of public school systems【C3】______to see the importance of play," says Parks, assistant professor of early childhood education. "【C4】______, play is under-valued and lot of that is because of top-down【C5】______over standards and testing." "Their work is often framed in trying to【C6】______out whats wrong with these kids. Its very【C7】______and not at all what I【C8】______as a classroom teacher. " "I found the children【C9】______to learn, and their families were supportive and curious," she adds. "So when I got to academia, I thought it was【C10】______to read all these studies about kids not being【C11】______, or not being able to solve problems." So she【C12】______her own research project with a different approach. She is【C13】______the same minority group of 14 young children for three years, starting in【C14】______, to see how they learn mathematics, both in the【C15】______classroom setting as well as informally in school, and at home. "Just sitting there, looking at what is happening in their【C16】______surroundings, you can find things that【C17】______you," she says. She hopes her research will prove how important play is to【C18】______problem-solving skills, and in other critical ways. 【C19】______there is something else, just as important for Parks. "It is the equity piece of trying to change the conversation in the research community about what kids can do generally, and what minority kids can do【C20】______," she says.

【C1】

A．attain

B．lose

C．catch

D．create

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第10题

？Read the article below about customer loyalty on the opposite page. ？For each question 13

？Read the article below about customer loyalty on the opposite page.

？For each question 13-18, mark one letter(A, B, C or D)for the answeryou choose.

The MiSmanagement of Customer Loyalty

The best customers, we're told, are loyal ones. They cost less to serve, they're usually willing to pay more than other customers. and they often act as word-of-mouth marketers for your company. Win loyalty, therefore, and profits will follow as night follows day. Certainly that's what CRM software vendors—and the armies of consultants who help install their systems—are claiming. And it seems that many business executives agree. Corporate expenditures on loyalty initiatives are booming：The top 16 retailers in Europe, for example, collectively spent more than $1 billion last year。Indeed, for the last ten years, the gospel of customer loyalty has been repeated so often and so loudly that it seems almost crazy to challenge it.

But that is precisely what some of the loyalty movement's early believers are starting to do. Take the case of one high-tech corporate service provider. This company set up an elaborate costing scheme to track the performance of its newly instituted loyalty programs. The scheme measured not only direct product costs for each customer but also all associated advertising, service, sales force, and organizational expenses. After running the scheme for five years, the company was able to determine the profitability of each of its accounts over time. Executives were curious to see just what payoff they were getting from their $2 million annual investment in customer loyalty.

The answer took them by surprise. About half of those customers who made regular purchases for at least two years—and were therefore designated as ‘loyal’—barely generated a profit. Conversely, about half of the most profitable customers were blow-ins, buying a great deal of high-margin products in a short time before completely disappearing.

The research findings echo that company's experience. Some experts have been studying the dynamics of customer loyalty and have found that the relationship between loyalty and profitability is much weaker—and subtler—than the proponents of loyalty programs claim. Specifically, they discovered little or no evidence to suggest that customers who purchase steadily from a company over time are necessarily cheaper to serve, less price sensitive, or particularly effective at bringing in new business.

Indeed, in light of their findings, many companies will need to reevaluate the way they manage customer loyalty programs. Instead of focusing on loyalty alone, companies will have to find ways to measure the relationship between loyalty and profitability so that they car better identify which customers to focus on and which to ignore. The experts have found. a new methodology that will enable managers to determine far more precisely than most existing approaches do just when to let go of a given customer and so dramatically improve the returns on their investments in loyalty.

What does the writer say about customer loyalty in the first paragraph？

A．Business executives need to know how to generate customer loyalty.

B．Many executives believe more investment in customer loyalty means more profit.

C．It is necessary for companies to generate customer loyalty at all costs.

D．Customer loyalty will for sure help corporations make more money.

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