Promising Results from Cancer Study A new experimental vaccine (疫苗) has shown promising - 试题答案网问答

第1题

Promising Results fromCancer Study A new experimental vaccine（疫苗） has shown promising re

Promising Results fromCancer Study

A new experimental vaccine（疫苗） has shown promising results in the fightagainst lung cancer. In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed byscientists at Baylor University Medical Centre inDallas,USA, cured lungcancer in some patients and slowed the progress.of the disease in others.

Researchers have reported encouragingfindings from this small study. Forty-three patients suffer-ing from lungcancer were involved in these trials. Ten of these patients were in the earlystages andthirty-three in the advanced stages of the disease. They wereinjected with the vaccine every two weeksfor three months, and were carefullymonitored for three years. In three of the patients in the advancedstages ofcancer, the disease disappeared and in the others, it did not spread for fiveto twenty-fourmonths. However, no great difference was seen in the patients inthe early stages of the illness.

This new vaccine uses the patient's ownimmune system It is made specifically for each patient and is in-jected intothe arm or leg. It stimulates (刺激) the body's immunesystem, which then recognizes that thecancer cells are harmful, and attacks anddestroys them

The vaccine could be effective againstother forms of cancer. It offers great hope for the treatmentof cancer ingeneral, although further studies are needed before such treatment can bewidely used.

The vaccine cured all the participants in the trial.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第2题

From introduction, what was the author studying？（)

A.This article will not attempt to replicate the above mentioned reviews but will summarize published clinical trials on bonded oxide ceramic restorations and correlate their results with that of laboratory bond strength testing using the same bonding methods as in the clinical trials.

B.The authors of this systematic review concluded, that promising laboratory test results still need to be confirmed by clinical studies before clinical recommendation could be given.

C.Clinical trials with resin-bonded restorations that had no or only limited mechanical retention and were made from alumina or zirconia ceramic were identified using an electronic search in PubMed database.

D.The purpose of this review is to present the best available clinical evidence for successful bonding of dental oxide ceramic restorations.

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第3题

&8226;Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part．1. Question 2 &8226;You ar

&8226;Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part．

1. Question 2

&8226;You are Financial Advisor to a toy manufacturer。You have been asked to write a proposal about money management in the coming financial crisis．

&8226;Write the proposal．including the following points：

——refinement of your business processes，

——re-evaluation of your creditors and debtors，

——setting aside of savings for the worst times．

2. Question 3

&8226;A long-time client has written to complain about an under。shipment in their Christmas order．You have been asked to write a letter to apologise and offer solutions．

&8226;Write the letter：

——apologising for the mistake on your side，

——Offening solutions to the problem，

——showing your appreciation of their business，

——promising that such problems will not happen again.

3. Question 4

&8226;Your organisation has undertaken a series of experiments in order to become more cost effective．

You have been asked to write a report summarising the results of these cost-reducing strategies．

&8226;Write the report to the General Manager．including：

——a general introduction to this reform．

——One or two of the most effective strategies in this reform，

——One of the problems that surfaced during the course，

——what measures were taken to solve the above-mentioned problem．

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第4题

Nokia executives attempted to explain its fall from the top of the smart phone pyramid with three

factors:(1) that Nokia was technically inferior to Apple;(2) that the company was complacent and;(3) that its leaders didn't see the disruptive iPhone coming.

It has also been argued that it was none of the above.Nokia lost the smart phone battle because of divergent shared fears among the company's middle and top managers which led to company-wide inertia that left it powerless to respond to Apple's game.

Based on the findings of an in-depth investigation and 76 interviews with top and middle managers,engineers and external experts,the researchers discovered a culture of fear due to temperamental leaders and that frightened middle managers were scared of telling the truth.

The fear that froze the company came from two places.First,the company's top managers had a terrifying reputation.Some members of Nokia's board and top management were described as“extremely temperamental” and they regularly shouted at people“at the top of their lungs” .It was very difficult to tell them things they didn't want to hear.Secondly,top managers were afraid of the external environment and not meeting their quarterly targets,which also impacted how they treated middle managers.

Top managers thus made middle managers afraid of disappointing them.Middle managers were told that they were not ambitious enough to meet top managers'goals.

Fearing the reactions of top managers,middle managers remained silent or provided optimistic,filtered information.Thus,middle managers directly lied to top management.

Worse,a culture of status inside Nokia made everyone want to hold onto vested power for fear of resources being allocated elsewhere if they delivered bad news or showed that they were not bold or ambitious enough to

undertake challenging assignments.

Beyond verbal pressure,top managers also applied pressure for faster performance in personnel selection.This led middle managers to over promise and under deliver.One middle manager told us that“you can get resources by promising something earlier,or promising a lot.It's sales work.”

While modest fear might be healthy for motivation,abusing it can be like overusing a drug,which risks generating harmful side effects.To reduce this risk,leaders should coordinate with the varied emotions of the staff.Nokia's top managers should have encouraged safe dialogue,internal coordination and feedback to

understand the true emotion in the organization.

1.Nokia lost the smart phone battle because its technology is not as good as that of Apple.

2.Nokia's middle managers were frank to tell the truth,but the top ones didn't listen to them.

3.Nokia's top managers were too moody to hear anything good but harsh.

4.Middle managers in Nokia delivered results more than they promised earlier.

5.Nokia's top managers should have had better conversation techniques to encourage internal coordination and truth.

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第5题

— Read the article on the opposite page about networking.— Choose the best word to fill ea

— Read the article on the opposite page about networking.

— Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D below.

— For each question 19 - 33, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

— There is an example at the beginning (0).

NETWORK YOUR WAY TO SUCCESS

That (0)______ saying, 'It's not what you know, it's who you know' sums up what may well be the most important (19)______ of climbing the business ladder. Diligence, competence and experience are fine (20)______, but they are not enough.

While this is no great secret, the fact (21)______ that skilled workers are few and (22)______ between - get business success depends on informal networking and sociologists have (23)______ that the majority of top jobs in the US are obtained through it. A vast (24)______ of jobs are never advertised and of those that are, many have already been (25)______ to someone known to the company. These processes (26)______ not just to industry but to the government and public sector as well.

Potentially, colleagues, superiors, business friends, customers, suppliers can (27)______ a networker with information, addresses and open doors that. make the difference between stagnation and a rapid rise. Nonetheless, as a communications trainer in Germany put it: 'Many people just do not know how to (28)______ develop and foster promising relationships.' For some, networking (29)______ just too time-consuming or stressful. Such individuals shut themselves in their office and minimise (30)______ with the outside world. They may do a great job of work, but they are unlikely to make great career strides. Other would-be networkers (31)______ instant results, make a real nuisance of themselves, or network in too limited an environment. There are plenty of other classic errors, ranging from a failure to (32)______ favours, to the converse - networking with opportunists who themselves never deliver.

Effective networking does not just happen. It is a conscious process of developing links which (33)______ creativity, energy and commitment. Learning to do it will pay dividends.

A．measures

B．resources

C．means

D．actions

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第6题

•Read the following passage below about a furniture retailer.•For each questio

•Read the following passage below about a furniture retailer.

•For each question (23-28), choose the correct answer.

•Mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer sheet.

A BRIGHT FUTURE

The furniture retailer, JRA. which has produced disappointing results recently, said that market conditions were at last improving. Sales rose by 7.3% in tile final quarter of 2006. after falling by 6.2% in the three months between July and September, and by 7.4% in the past quarter.

Mike Turner, the managing director, said that. although the market remained competitive, orders had reached their highest level ever and with this promising news he thought that profit margins would reach 11% before the end of the next financial year. The company is also benefiting from the current low interest rates charged by the banks. Further savings were made when the company increased the proportion of furniture that it produced itself. This follows its takeover in May of tile Brimoon Furniture factory, which was suffering from serious financial problems.

JRA will continue its expansion programme this year and expects to add four new stores to the existing fifty. These will all be in the south-west of UK. where it currently has only one store. The company aims eventually to have eighty large stores nationwide and then to concentrate on opening a number of smaller ones.

This positive news was delivered together with the announcement of a 13% drop in profits to $30 million on sales of $386 million for the financial year. This fall was not as bad as forecasted—several analysts thought profits would be less than $12 million.

Before becoming managing director of JRA. Turner had worked for Patton Points. Though Patton Points was once a leader in its field, it was in serious financial difficulties when Turner joined the company. Within three years, however, he had turned the company's annual losses into a $11 million profit. He is beginning to do the same at JRA.

Between April and June 2006, JRA's sales

A．fell by 6.2%.

B．rose by 6.7%.

C．fell by 7.4%.

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第7题

？Read the article below about a furniture retailer.？For each question （23-28), on the oppo

？Read the article below about a furniture retailer.

？For each question (23-28), on the opposite page, choose the correct answer.

？Mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.

A Bright Future

The furniture retailer, CHR, which has produced disappointing results recently, said that market conditions were at last improving. Sales rose by 6.7% in the final quarter of 2003, after falling by 5.3% in the three months between July and September, and by 7.4% in the previous quarter.

Tony Graham, the managing director, said that, although the market remained competitive, orders had reached their highest level ever and with this promising news he thought that profit margins would reach 10% before the end of the next financial year. The company is also benefiting from the current low interest rates charged by the banks. Further savings were made when the company increased the proportion of furniture that it produced itself. This followed its takeover in April of the Tristar Furniture factory, which was suffering from serious financial problems.

CHR will continue its expansion programme this year and expects to add four new stores to the existing fifty. These will all be in the north-east of England, where it currently has only one store. The company aims eventually to have eighty large stores nationwide and then to concentrate on opening a number of smaller ones.

This positive news was delivered together with the announcement of a 12% drop in profits to ￡26 million on sales of￡295 million for the financial year. This fall was not as bad as forecasted -several analysts thought profits would be less than ￡10 million.

Before becoming managing director of CHR, Graham had worked for Damton Paints. Though Darnton Paints was once a leader in its field, it was in serious financial difficulties when Graham joined the company. Within three years, however, he had turned the company's annual losses into a ￡10 million profit. He is beginning to do the same at CHR.

Between April and June 2003, CHR's sales

A．fell by 5.3%.

B．rose by 6.7%.

C．fell by 7.4%.

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第8题

Since the US Agency for International Development （USAID) began its first HIV/AIDS prevent

Since the US Agency for International Development (USAID) began its first HIV/AIDS prevention efforts eight years ago, the epidemic has changed dramatically. HIV has spread to every region of the world. Millions of people infected with HIV during the first decade of the epidemic are developing opportunistic infections and other AIDS-related illnesses, and many are dying. Women and children are among those most vulnerable to HIV infection. As HIV prevalence and AIDS mortality soar, millions of children will lose their parents.

HIV/AIDS is having a devastating impact on the health and well-being of families, communities and nations worldwide. The epidemic's effects on the structure of societies and the productivity of their members undermine efforts to promote sustainable development around the globe.

USAID's approach to slowing the spread of HIV/AIDS relies on strategies tested and refined over the past eight years. At the same time, the Agency is moving forward to address new challenges posed by the evolving epidemic.

One of the important lessons learned during the past decade is that an effective response to HIV/ AIDS requires the full participation of people and communities affected by the virus. Although people living with HIV/AIDS are among the most successful advocates and communicators for prevention, too often their voices are not heard or heeded. Greater involvement of people living with HIV/AIDS is essential to creat the supportive political, legal and social environments needed to control the epidemic.

In December 1994 at the Paris AIDS Summit, representatives of 42 governments adopted resolution pledging greater support for networks of people living with HIV/AIDS. Before and during the summit, members of these networks worked with government and multilateral organizations, including USAID, to develop a plan for translating the words of the resolution into concrete action. The Agency is committed to ensuring that people living with HIV/AIDS are accepted in full partnership with governments, international organizations and the private sector in developing, implementing and evaluating HIV/AIDS policies and programs.

People living with HIV/AIDS and community-based organizations have been at the forefront of efforts to draw attention to the connection between compassionate AIDS care and effective HIV prevention. In the absence of a vaccine or cure, USAID continues to emphasize HIV/AIDS prevention. But as the number of people suffering from AIDS-related illness begins to increase dramatically, the Agency is also exploring ways to reduce the social impact of AIDS and enhance prevention efforts by integrating prevention and care.

The Agency will also continue to pioneer regional approaches to an epidemic that does not recognize national boundaries. Crossborder interventions throughout the world will target mobile populations, including migrant workers, tourists, traders, transport workers and people displaced by war, and social disruption.

Results from USAID-supported research on preventing HIV/AIDS in women, from microbiocide development to behavioral research on communication between men and women, will play a key role in slowing the rapid spread of the epidemic in the future. The Agency will continue to support research designed to strengthen programs for women and will move quickly to incorporate promising prevention methods into field activities. USAID will also work to reduce women's vulnerability to HIV prevention by promoting multisectoral efforts to improve their economic and social status.

Recognizing the growing threat HIV/AIDS poses to child survival, the Agency will support efforts to identify and test methods of preventing transmission from mother to child, such as Vitamin A supplements and other promising interventions. In addition, USAID will expand efforts to reduce HIV/ AIDS am

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第9题

More About Alzheimer's Disease Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in th

More About Alzheimer's Disease

Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.

The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.

"Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago, people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages," said Patricia Grady, acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland. "This discovery, if confirmed, could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."

Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function, and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.

Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells. The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body, and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain, scientists said.

The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium, another critical element.

One test developed by researchers calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.

A spokesman for the Alzheimer's association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be important development, but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.

The newly developed skin tests may be used in the future to allow doctors to ______.

A．cure those with Alzheimer's disease

B．discover the cause of Alzheimer's disease

C．predict who might get Alzheimer's disease

D．find the consequences of Alzheimer's disease

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第10题

In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence （AI) predicted that, by the end of t

In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century , computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our house-work. But as useful as computers are, they're nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for human like behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation : the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.

A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which naturally came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.

Imitating the brain's neural (神经的) network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors" , he explains, "but it's not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves. " Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain's capabilities stem from the patternrecognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build and artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.

Right now, the option that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.

The author says that the powerful computers of today

A．are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object.

B．are close to exhibiting humanlike behavior.

C．are not very different in their performance from those of the 50's.

D．still cannot communicate with people in a human language.

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Promising Results from Cancer Study A new experimental vaccine （疫苗) has shown promising