阅读材料,回答题: Flu Shots Or Not?It sounded like a good idea when New York City&39;s ~n - 试题答案网问答

第1题

阅读材料，回答题。 The Spanish Flu EpidemicIf you&39;re worried about the possibility of

阅读材料，回答题。

The Spanish Flu Epidemic

If you&39;re worried about the possibility of a coming bird flu epidemic, you can take comfort in the fact that humanity has survived a similar influenza epidemic in the past. Starting its rounds at the end of World War I, the 1918 flu killed an estimated 50 million people.

Popularly known as the Spanish Flu, this type of influenza was far worse than your common cold.Normally, influenza only kills those who are more vulnerable to disease, such as newborns, the old or the sick.However, the Spanish ,Flu was prone to killing the young and healthy. Often it would disable its victims in hours; within a day, they would be dead, typically from extreme cases of pneumonia (肺炎) .

The Spanish Flu was quite nasty-fast-spreading and deadly. It managed to spread across the globe,devastating the world. Then suddenly, after two years ravaging (蹂躏 ) the Earth, it disappeared as quickly as it had arisen.

Despite its nickname, the Spanish Flu did not originate in Spain. Its true origins are unknown. Some believe it started in US forts and then spread to Europe as America joined the war; others think that it populated the trenches of the English and the French and eventually broke out in 1918. Regardless of where it started,eventually a fifth of the world population suffered the disease, with a global mortality rate (死亡率 ) estimated at 2.5% of the population.

Modernity was partly to blame for the quick spread of the disease. It passed throughout the world on trade routes and shipping lines. It hit Northern America, Europe, Asia, Africa and the South Pacific. The war did not help at all-the movement of supplies and troops aided the spread of the Spanish Flu, as well as the trench

warfare. Imagine the speed at which a virus can spread in a crowded ditch. The fast emergence of the virus in the trenches caused some soldiers to believe that the Spanish Flu was a new form. of biological warfare.

Luckily, the Spanish Flu simply vanished by 1920. It is believed the flu simply ran out of fuel to spread.

The Spanish Flu started during World War I. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第2题

根据听力，回答题：A.The flu the man suffered from．B.The earthquake they experience

根据听力，回答题：

A.The flu the man suffered from．

B.The earthquake they experienced．

C.The proper response to an earthquake．

D.The disaster canned by an earthquake．

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第3题

According to the recommendation of the CDC, when should people receive vaccinations in Ame

rica？

A．People should receive a vaccination one or two weeks earlier before influenza activity.

B．People should receive a vaccination before the influenza epidemic.

C．People should get flu shots in March when the influenza activity ends.

D．People should get flu shots before October so as to develop antibodies.

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第4题

Asking all healthy adults to get a flu shot may result in a shortage of the flu shots for

those who are most vulnerable to the infection.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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第5题

From the last paragraph we can infer that ______.A．the government hopes to solve the probl

From the last paragraph we can infer that ______.

A．the government hopes to solve the problem by way of volunteer restrictions

B．more than 47 million Americans who are qualified to get flu vaccine shots can not get them this year

C．America has to deal with a limited supply of flu vaccines this year

D．normally only a small percentage of American population gets flu vaccine shots each year

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第6题

回答题。 Coming Soon to a Theater Near YouIWhat are special effects？ Do you enjoy movies

回答题。

Coming Soon to a Theater Near YouI

What are special effects？ Do you enjoy movies that use a lot of special effects？

Dinosaurs(恐龙)from the distant past! Space battles from the distant future! There has been a revolution in special effects，and it has transformed the movies we see．

The revolution began in the mid．1970s with George Lucas’s Star Wars，a film that stunned(使震惊)audiences．That revolution continues to the present，with dramatic changes in special-effects technology．The company behind these changes is Lucas’s Industrial Light＆Magic(ILM)．And the man behind the company is Dennis Muren，who has worked with Lucas since Star Wars．

Muren’s interest in special effects began very early．At the age of 6，he was photographing toy dinosaurs and spaceships．At 10，he had an 8-millimeter movie camera and was making these things move through stop-motion．(Stop-motion is a process in which objects are shot with a camera，moved slightly，shot again，and so on．When the shots are put together，the object appear to move．)

Talk to Muren and you’ll understand what ILM is all about：taking on new challenges．By 1989，Muren decided he had pushed the old technology as far as it would go．

He saw computer graphics(图像)(CG)technology as the wave of the future and took a year off to master it．

With CG technology，images can be scanned into a computer for processin9，for example，and many separate shots can be combined into a single image．CG technology has now reached the point，Muren says，where special effects can be used to do just about anything so that movies can tell stories better than ever before．The huge success of Jurassic Park and its sequel(续集)，The Lost Word，the stars of which were computer-generated dinosaurs，suggests that this may very well be true．

The special-effects revolution began in the mid-1980s with Star Wars．查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第7题

Flu Shots Or Not？ It sounded like a good idea when New York City's mayor, Rudollph Giulian

Flu Shots Or Not？

It sounded like a good idea when New York City's mayor, Rudollph Giuliani, advised New Yorkers recently to get a flu shot. After all, 20,000 Americans each year die of influenza. And this year in particular, the mayor suggested, getting a flu shot might be an especially good idea, since it could help doctors distinguish between flu and the deadly inhalational (吸入的) form. of anthrax (炭疽). How？ Both anthrax and flu exhibit strikingly similar symptoms -- fever, chills and muscle aches -- in the early days of the infection. Physicians would be quick to suspect anthrax in anyone who was vaccinated (接种疫苗) against flu and still developed fever and chills. That would give them a better chance to identify any new victims of terror while their infection was still in its earliest, most treatable stages.

Or so the mayor's reasoning went. Unfortunately, there are a couple of problems with his logic. For one thing, getting vaccinated against influenza doesn't guarantee you won't get sick. Although highly effective, the flu vaccine (疫苗) protects against only the dominant types of the disease and even then does not provide 100% protection. It takes a couple of weeks for your body to respond to the vaccine with a sufficient number of antibodies (抗体). Each year thousands of Americans who get the vaccine nevertheless still get the flu.

There are also plenty of reasons you might develop fever, chills and muscle aches that have nothing to do with either anthrax or flu. indeed, doctors estimate that more than 80% of all flulike illnesses each winter are caused by other groups of viruses. Getting vaccinated against flu can't protect you against suffering from these other illnesses.

In the worst case, asking all healthy adults to get vaccinated could actually have the opposite effect to the one intended, leading to even more deaths if it means we run out of shots for those who are most vulnerable to the infection. Already there have been delays in getting this year's shipment of vaccine to clinics and doctors' offices. Those who should be at the front of the line include folks who are 65 or older, nursing-home residents and adults and children with chronic health problems as well as anyone who cares for or lives with such people. Flu shots are also important for men and women whose immune system is weakened by HIV (艾滋病病毒) or other conditions.

The best reason to get the flu vaccine is that it protects against most flus--not that you're worried about getting anthrax. While inhalational anthrax has killed only five people so far, many more could be at risk from flu-related complications. There's no need to worsen the tragedy by making this year's influenza epidemic any worse.

Quite a few New Yorkers took their mayor's recent advice and got a flu shot.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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第8题

Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America, but this year' s is a whopper. Until

last week, it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fall. Then British authorities, concerned about quality-control problems at a production plant in Liverpool, barred all further shipments by the Chiron Corp. Overnight, the U.S. vaccine supply dwindled by nearly half and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual plea. Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated, they' re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to. "This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply," says Dr. Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information, "and the lack of redundancy in our system."

Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out？ Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it. To create a single dose of flu vaccine, a manufacturer has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg, then crack the egg, harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response. Profit margins are narrow, demand is fickle and, because each year's flu virus is different, any leftover vaccine goes to waste. As a result, the United States now has only two major suppliers (Chiron and Aventis Pasteur)--and when one of them runs into trouble, there isn' t much the other can do about it. "A vaccine maker can't just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs," says Manon Cox, of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp. "There's a whole industry that's scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time. "

Sleeker technologies are now in the works, and experts are hoping that this year's fiasco will speed the pace of innovation. The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures--a medium already used to make most other vaccines. Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way, but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy, and one culture-based product (Solvay Pharmaceuticals' Invivac) has been cleared for marketing in Europe.

For Americans, the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply. The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week. That' s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand, but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year. In fact, many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign--encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.

Shortages of flue vaccine show that ______.

A．America relies too much on foreign suppliers

B．the demand of flue vaccines is high this year

C．quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine production

D．the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up

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第9题

根据下列文章,请回答 16～22 题。 Flu Shots or Not ？ It sounded like a good idea when Ne

根据下列文章,请回答 16～22 题。

Flu Shots or Not ？

It sounded like a good idea when New York City’s mayor，Rudollph Giuliani，advised New Yorkers recently to get a flu shot．After all，20，000 Americans each year die of influenza．And this year in particular, the mayor suggested，getting a flu shot might be an especially good idea，since it could help doctors distinguish between flu and the deadly inhalational(吸入的)form. of anthrax(炭疽)．How？ Both anthrax and flu exhibit strikingly similar symptoms fever, chills and muscle aches in the early days of the infection．Physicians would be quick to suspect anthrax in anyone who was vaccinated(接种疫苗)against flu and still developed fever and chills．That would give them a better chance to identify any new victims of terror while their infection was still in its earliest．most treatable stages．

Or so the mayor’s reasoning went．Unfortunately, there are a couple of problems with his logic．For one thing，getting vaccinated against influenza doesn’t guarantee you won’t get sick．Although highly effective，the flu vaccine(疫苗)protects against only the dominant types of the disease and even then does not provide 100%protection．It takes a couple of weeks for your body to respond to the vaccine with a sufficient number of antibodies(抗体)．Each year thousands of Americans who get the vaccine nevertheless still get the flu．

There are also plenty of reasons you might develop fever，chills and muscle aches that have nothing to do with either anthrax or flu．Indeed，doctors estimate that more than 80%o all flu like illnesses each winter are caused by other groups of viruses．Getting vaccinated against flu can’t protect you against suffering from these other illnesses．

In the worst case，asking all healthy adults to get vaccinated could actually have the opposite effect to the one Intended，leading to even more deaths if it means we run out of shots for those who are most vulnerable to the infection．Already there have been delays in getting this year’s shipment of vaccine to clinics and doctors’ offices．Those who should be at the front of the line include folks who are 65 0r older, nursing．Home residents and adults and children with chronic health problems as well as anyone who cares for or lives’ with such people．Flu shots are also important for men and women whose immune system is weakened by HIV(艾滋病病毒)or other conditions．

The best reason to get the flu vaccine is that it protects against most flus-not that you’re worried about getting anthrax．While inhalational anthrax has killed only five people so far, many more could be at risk from flu—related complications．There’s no need to worsen the tragedy by making this year’s influenza epidemic any worse．

第 16 题 Quite a few New Yorkers took their mayor’s recent advice and got a flu shot．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

点击查看答案

阅读材料，回答题： Flu Shots Or Not？It sounded like a good idea when New York City&39;s ~n