Flu Shots Or Not? It sounded like a good idea when New York City's mayor, Rudollph Giulian - 试题答案网问答

第1题

According to the recommendation of the CDC, when should people receive vaccinations in Ame

rica？

A．People should receive a vaccination one or two weeks earlier before influenza activity.

B．People should receive a vaccination before the influenza epidemic.

C．People should get flu shots in March when the influenza activity ends.

D．People should get flu shots before October so as to develop antibodies.

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第2题

From the last paragraph we can infer that______.A．the government hopes to solve the proble

From the last paragraph we can infer that______.

A．the government hopes to solve the problem by way of volunteer restrictions

B．more than 47 million Americans who are qualified to get flu vaccine shots can not get them this year

C．America has to deal with a limited supply of flu vaccines this year

D．normally only a small percentage of American population gets flu vaccine shots each year

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第3题

Asking all healthy adults to get a flu shot may result in a shortage of the flu shots for

those who are most vulnerable to the infection.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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第4题

阅读材料，回答题： Flu Shots Or Not？It sounded like a good idea when New York City&39;s ~n

阅读材料，回答题：

Flu Shots Or Not？

It sounded like a good idea when New York City&39;s ~nayor, Rudollph Giuliani, advised New Yorkers recently to get a flu shot. After all,20,000 Americans each year die of influenza. And this year in particular, the mayor suggested, getting a flu shot might be an especially good idea, since it could help doctors distinguish between flu and the deadly inhalational(吸入的) form. of anthrax (炭疽). How？ Both anthrax and flu exhibit strikingly similar symptoms--fever, chills and muscle aches--in the early days of the infection. Physicians would be quick to suspect anthrax in anyone who was vaccinated (接种疫苗) against flu and still developed fever and chills. That would give them a better chance to identify any new victims of terror while their infection was still in its earliest, most treatable stages.

Or so the mayor&39;s reasoning went. Unfortunately, there are a couple of problems with his log- ic. For one thing, getting vaccinated against influenza doesn&39;t guarantee you won&39;t get sick. Al- though highly effective, the flu vaccine(疫苗) protects against only the dominant types of the dis- ease and even then does not provide 100% protection. It takes a couple of weeks for your body to respond to the vaccine with a sufficient number of antibodies (抗体). Each year thousands of Americans who get the vaccine nevertheless still get the flu.

There are also plenty of reasons you might develop fever, chills and muscle aches that have nothing to do with either anthrax or flu. Indeed, doctors estimate that more than 80% of all flu- like illnesses each winter are caused by other groups of viruses. Getting vaccinated against flu can&39;t protect you against suffering from these other illnesses.

In the worst case, asking all healthy adults to get vaccinated could actually have the opposite effect to the one intended, leading to even more deaths if it means we run out of shots for those who are most vulnerable to the infection. Already there have been delays in getting this year&39;s shipment of vaccine to clinics and doctor&39;s offices. Those who should be at the front of the line in- clude folks who are 65 or older, nursing-home residents and adults and children with chronic health problems as well as anyone who cares for or lives with such people，flu shots are also im- portant men and women whose immune system is weakened by HIV（艾滋病病毒） or other conditions.

The best reason to get the flu vaccine is that it protects against most flus--not that you&39;re worried about getting anthrax. While inhalational anthrax has killed only five people so far, many more could be at risk from flu-related complications. There&39;s no need to worsen the tragedy by making this year&39;s influenza epidemic any worse.

Quite a few New Yorkers took their mayor‘s recent advice and got a flu shot. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第5题

根据下列文章,请回答 16～22 题。 Flu Shots or Not ？ It sounded like a good idea when Ne

根据下列文章,请回答 16～22 题。

Flu Shots or Not ？

It sounded like a good idea when New York City’s mayor，Rudollph Giuliani，advised New Yorkers recently to get a flu shot．After all，20，000 Americans each year die of influenza．And this year in particular, the mayor suggested，getting a flu shot might be an especially good idea，since it could help doctors distinguish between flu and the deadly inhalational(吸入的)form. of anthrax(炭疽)．How？ Both anthrax and flu exhibit strikingly similar symptoms fever, chills and muscle aches in the early days of the infection．Physicians would be quick to suspect anthrax in anyone who was vaccinated(接种疫苗)against flu and still developed fever and chills．That would give them a better chance to identify any new victims of terror while their infection was still in its earliest．most treatable stages．

Or so the mayor’s reasoning went．Unfortunately, there are a couple of problems with his logic．For one thing，getting vaccinated against influenza doesn’t guarantee you won’t get sick．Although highly effective，the flu vaccine(疫苗)protects against only the dominant types of the disease and even then does not provide 100%protection．It takes a couple of weeks for your body to respond to the vaccine with a sufficient number of antibodies(抗体)．Each year thousands of Americans who get the vaccine nevertheless still get the flu．

There are also plenty of reasons you might develop fever，chills and muscle aches that have nothing to do with either anthrax or flu．Indeed，doctors estimate that more than 80%o all flu like illnesses each winter are caused by other groups of viruses．Getting vaccinated against flu can’t protect you against suffering from these other illnesses．

In the worst case，asking all healthy adults to get vaccinated could actually have the opposite effect to the one Intended，leading to even more deaths if it means we run out of shots for those who are most vulnerable to the infection．Already there have been delays in getting this year’s shipment of vaccine to clinics and doctors’ offices．Those who should be at the front of the line include folks who are 65 0r older, nursing．Home residents and adults and children with chronic health problems as well as anyone who cares for or lives’ with such people．Flu shots are also important for men and women whose immune system is weakened by HIV(艾滋病病毒)or other conditions．

The best reason to get the flu vaccine is that it protects against most flus-not that you’re worried about getting anthrax．While inhalational anthrax has killed only five people so far, many more could be at risk from flu—related complications．There’s no need to worsen the tragedy by making this year’s influenza epidemic any worse．

第 16 题 Quite a few New Yorkers took their mayor’s recent advice and got a flu shot．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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第6题

Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America, but this year' s is a whopper. Until

last week, it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fall. Then British authorities, concerned about quality-control problems at a production plant in Liverpool, barred all further shipments by the Chiron Corp. Overnight, the U.S. vaccine supply dwindled by nearly half and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual plea. Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated, they' re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to. "This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply," says Dr. Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information, "and the lack of redundancy in our system."

Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out？ Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it. To create a single dose of flu vaccine, a manufacturer has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg, then crack the egg, harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response. Profit margins are narrow, demand is fickle and, because each year's flu virus is different, any leftover vaccine goes to waste. As a result, the United States now has only two major suppliers (Chiron and Aventis Pasteur)--and when one of them runs into trouble, there isn' t much the other can do about it. "A vaccine maker can't just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs," says Manon Cox, of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp. "There's a whole industry that's scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time. "

Sleeker technologies are now in the works, and experts are hoping that this year's fiasco will speed the pace of innovation. The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures--a medium already used to make most other vaccines. Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way, but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy, and one culture-based product (Solvay Pharmaceuticals' Invivac) has been cleared for marketing in Europe.

For Americans, the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply. The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week. That' s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand, but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year. In fact, many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign--encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.

Shortages of flue vaccine show that ______.

A．America relies too much on foreign suppliers

B．the demand of flue vaccines is high this year

C．quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine production

D．the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up

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第7题

Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America, but this year's is a whopper. Until l

ast week, it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fall. Then British authorities, concerned about quality-control problems at a production plant in Liverpool, barred all further shipments by the Chiron Corp. Overnight, the U. S. vaccine supply dwindled by nearly half and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual plea. Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated, they' re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to. "This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply, " says Dr. Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information, " and the lack of redundancy in our system. "

Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out？ Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it. To create a single dose of flu vaccine, a manufacturer has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg, then crack the egg, harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune re-sponse. Profit margins are narrow, demand is fickle and, because each year' s flu virus is different, any leftover vaccine goes to waste. As a result, the United States now has only two major suppliers(Chiron and Aventis Pasteur)—and when one of them runs into trouble, there isn't much the other can do about it. "A vaccine maker can't just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs, " says Manon Cox, of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp. " There' s a whole industry that' s scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time. "

Sleeker technologies are now in the works, and experts are hoping that this year' s fiasco will speed the pace of innovation. The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures—a medium already used to make most other vaccines. Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way, but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy, and one culture-based product(Solvay Pharmaceuticals' Invivac)has been cleared for marketing in Europe.

For Americans, the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply. The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week. That' s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand, but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year. In fact, many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign—encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.

Shortages of flue vaccine show that______.

A．America relies too much on foreign suppliers

B．the demand of flue vaccines is high this year

C．quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine production

D．the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up

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第8题

MEMORANDUMFrom: Joanne GarzaSent: Friday, September 15, 20—To: All EmployeesSubject: Compa

MEMORANDUM

From: Joanne Garza

Sent: Friday, September 15, 20—

To: All Employees

Subject: Company News - Flu Vaccinations

The details for the company-sponsored flu vaccinations have been (150). The shots will be (151) on Thursday, October 12th, from 12:30 to 4:30 p.m., in the Baylor Conference Room.

The cost is $25.00. Each employee receiving the inoculation (152) to fill out an "Informed Consent" authorization form. Without the form. you will not receive your shot. Forms and detailed information can be found on the Safety & Security page of the company Web site, under Documents: Influenza Vaccinations.

Please contact John Jacoby at extension 5038 to sign up or if you have any questions.

(50)

A．final

B．finally

C．finalize

D．finalized

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第9题

The nation's 【C1】______ of vaccine for the impending flu 【C2】______ took a big hit Thursda

y when Chiton Corp. announced it had found tainted doses in its factory.

The company said it will hold up shipment of about 50 million shots—about half the supply U.S. health 【C3】______ had hoped to have on hand this year—while it 【C4】______ what went wrong and determines whether the vaccine is safe to use.

"There's no product that is going to go into the arms of the American public that will not have been 【C5】______ to have met the highest standards of 【C6】______ ," chief executive Howard Pien said.

Pien said the company hopes to ship between 46 million and 48 million doses by early October, about month later than 【C7】______ .

About 1 million doses have already been shipped, but no vaccines have yet reached the 【C8】______ , Pien said. Vaccinations usually begin in September and 【C9】______ through the flu season.

Officials with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which oversees the nation's flu vaccine 【C10】______ , did not immediately return calls for 【C11】______ .

Chiron would not give 【C12】______ on the 【C13】______ of the contamination, which Pien said was found in a small number of 【C14】______ at the company's factory in Liverpool, England.

The company supplies about half the nation's flu vaccine. Aventis Pasteur supplies most of the 【C15】______ .

【C1】______

A．supply

B．demand

C．want

D．provision

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Flu Shots Or Not？ It sounded like a good idea when New York City's mayor, Rudollph Giulian