阅读材料,回答题。 Why Would They Falsely Confess? Why on earth would an innocent person f - 试题答案网问答

第1题

阅读材料，回答题。 Health or ProfitAlthough there is no direct evidence that salt is the c

阅读材料，回答题。

Health or Profit

Although there is no direct evidence that salt is the cause of high blood pressure ar“hypertension”，there are studies which indicate that reducing salt intake lowers blood pressure．Some scientists are also concerned that excessive use of salt may cause asthma and kidney disease．Therefore most doctors would welcome a decision by food manufacturers to decrease the amount of salt in food．

Many food manufacturers，however，are reluctant to reduce tile amount of salt．Salt is an important flavor enhancer and preservative．British Salt points out that salt is an essential nutrient and regular intake is required to maintain bodily functions．Moreover，according to British Salt，there are greater risk factors in hypertension，such as obesity(肥胖)，lack of exercise，alcohol intake and smokin9．Another reason why food producers are not keen on lowering the amount of salt is probably that they fear that less salt will mean lower sales．Not only

will the sale of processed food containing salt decease but also the sale of soft drinks．

A recent study，published in The Lancet of April l999，proves that if manufacturers cut the salt content of food it will not necessarily affect the taste of the product．Anthony Rodgers and Bruce Neal conducted a study to examine the difference in taste between bread with standard and reduced salt content．Three types of whole—meal bread were prepared，identical in all respects except for salt content．One loaf contained the standard quantity，one loaf l0％reduced and one 20％reduced．Sixty participants，who did not know the salt content were asked to rate the taste on a scale from zero to ten．They also had to guess which loaf contained the standard，10％reduced and 20％reduced quantity．Of the l80 9uesses of salt content，63 were correct，which is not different from what would be expected by chance．

The study by Rodgers and Neal indicates that small reductions in salt content will not necessarily affect sales．If food manufacturers decide to diminish the amount of salt in food，blood pressure of the entire population will shift downwards，which may result in considerable health benefits．One of Britain’s largest supermarkets，Asda，has already decided to decrease the amount of salt in its products．The Asda products will contain up to 25％less salt．

What brought about the demand for reduction of salt for food products？查看材料

A.Studies indicate that salt can cause high blood pressure．

B.Scientists think that the reduction of salt will reduce the possibility of asthma and kidney disease．

C.Doctors are sure that there is correlation between salt intake and many diseases．

D.Studies show that the reduced intake of salt may decrease the possibility of high blood pressure．

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第2题

根据以下材料，回答题Why Would They Falsely Confess？Why on earth would an innocent person fa

根据以下材料，回答题

Why Would They Falsely Confess？

Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime？ To mostpeople， it just doesn"t seem logical. But it is logical， say experts， if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation （审讯） room. Under the right conditions， people"s minds are susceptible （易受影响的） to influence， and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings（盘问） is enormous. __________ （46） "Thepressure is important to understand. Because，otherwise， it"s impossible to understand whysomeone would say he did something he didn"t do.

The answer is: to put an end to anuncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess." Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratorydetermine how likely people are to confess to things they didn"t do. __________ （47） The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hittingthe "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.

Redlich"s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed __________ （48） Of the 15-to-16-year-olds， 72 percent signed confessions， as did 78 percent of the 12-to-13-year-olds.

"There"s no question that young people are more at risk，" says Saul Kassin， Professor at Williams College， who has done similar studies with similar results. __________ （49） Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation——not hours of aggressive questioning—— and still， most participants falsely confessed. Because of the stress of a police interrogation， they conclude， suspects can becomeconvinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. __________ （50）

回答（46）题查看材料

A.In her experiment， participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key， because doing so would crash the systems.

B."In some ways，" says Kassin， "false confession becomes a rational decision."

C."It"s a little like somebody"s working on them with a dental （牙齿的） drill，" says Franklin Zimring， a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.

D."But adults are highly vulnerable too."

E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn"t do？

F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant， the more likely a false confession.

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第3题

阅读材料，回答题。 Government Policies and EconomyWhile he was off on his l978 tour，Americ

阅读材料，回答题。

Government Policies and Economy

While he was off on his l978 tour，Americans were becoming disgusted with their lot as all“emerging second—class nation”，Wilson says．They began to see that incentives had to be restored to the economy．For instance，the capital gains tax was cut，an extraordinary turn—about．If it had been predicted before he went away in May，he would have said it was simply inconceivable as inconceivable as the prospect of Resorts going up1，000 percent．

This momentous transformation in the U．S．should soon bring about a huge bull market． In the l940s and l950s，the last time price earning multiples were at these low levels，the investing public expected that there would be another great postwar depression．Instead，aRer the beginning of l953 it became apparent that there would not be one，and price-earnings multiples got so low this time that investors felt that the country was drifting into socialism．That drift，however，may be reversing direction．

Wilson believes that the bankruptcy of New York City means the discrediting of big government，that as a result there will be less government，and that things in general will go much better．From l980’s depressed levels the market could rise to twenty times doubled earnings or almost fivefold in five to seven years．Wilson believes that he’ll be worth hundreds of millions of dollars before it’s over．

From paragraph l，we can infer that Resorts is__________．查看材料

A.a company that involves many capital gains

B.a company that has little hope of rapid growth

C.a company that benefited from capital gains tax

D.a company that stimulates the economy

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第4题

请根据短文内容，回答题。 Why Would They Falsely Confess？Why on earth would an innocent per

请根据短文内容，回答题。

Why Would They Falsely Confess？

Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime？ To most people, it just doesn&39;t seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation (审讯) room. Under the right conditions, people&39;s minds are susceptible(易受影响的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings (盘问) is enormous. _________ (46) "The pressure is important to understand, because, otherwise, it&39;s impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn&39;t do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess." Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn&39;t do._________ (47) The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.

Redlich&39;s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed._________(48) Of the 15-to- 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13-year-olds.

"There&39;s no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, Professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results. _________(49) Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation--not hours of aggressive questioning--and still, most participants falsely confessed.

Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. _________ (50)

第46题__________ 查看材料

A.In her experiment， participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key， because doing so would crash the systems.

B."In some ways，" says Kassin， "false confession becomes a rational decision."

C."It"s a little like somebody"s working on them with a dental （牙齿的） drill，" says Franklin Zimring， a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.

D."But adults are highly vulnerable too."

E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn"t do？

F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant， the more likely a false confession.

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第5题

阅读材料，回答题： KnittingMy mother knew how to knit（编织), but she never taught me. She

阅读材料，回答题：

Knitting

My mother knew how to knit(编织), but she never taught me. She assumed, as did manywomen of her generation, that knitting was no longer a skill worth passing down from mother todaughter. A combination of feminism (女权主义) and consumerism (消费主义 ) made manywomen feel that such homely accomplishments were now out of date. My Grandmother still knitted, though, and every Christmas she made a pair of socks for my brother and me, of red wool.

They were the ones we wore under our ice skates (冰鞋), when it was really important to havewarm feet.

Knitting is a nervous habit that happens to be productive. It helped me quit smoking by giv-ing my hands something else to do 。it is wonderful for depression because no matter what else

happens, you are creating something beautiful. Time spent in front of the television or just sittingis no longer time wasted.

I love breathing life into the patterns. It&39;s true magic, finding a neglected, dog-eared oldbook with the perfect snowflake design, buying the same Germantown wool my grandmother used,in the exact blue to match my daughter&39;s eyes, taking it on the train with me every day for twomonths, working enthusiastically to get it done by Christmas, staying up late after the stockingsare filled to sew in the sleeves and weave in the ends.

Knitting has taught me patience. I know that if I just keep going, even if it takes months,there will be a reward. When I make a mistake, I know that anger will not fix it, that I just haveto go back and take out the stitches(针脚) between and start over again.

People often ask if I would do it for money, and the answer is always a definite no. In thefirst place, you could not pay me enough for the hours I put into a sweater. But more important,this is an activity I keep separate from such considerations. I knit it to cover my children and oth-er people I love in warmth and color. I knit to give them something earthly that money could neverbuy.

Knitting gives my life an alternative rhythm to the daily deadline. By day I can write aboutNorthern Ireland or the New York City Police Department and get paid for it, but on the trainhome, surrounded by people with laptops, I stage my little rebellion. I take out my old knittingbag and join the centuries of women who have knitted for love.

Why did many women feel that knitting was out of date？查看材料

A.Because their mothers didn"t teach them.

B.Because they were influenced by feminism and consumerism.

C.Because they were feminists.

D.Because t.hey were eonsumerists.

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第6题

根据下面材料，回答题。Caribbean IslandsWhat would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribb

根据下面材料，回答题。

Caribbean Islands

What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands？ Palm trees and coconuts （椰子）？ white beaches and clear， blue ocean？ Colorful corals （珊瑚） and even more colorful fishes and birds？ You bet. There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are famous for their warm，tropical climate and great natural beauty.

The Caribbean Islands form. a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean.____46____ Many of the islands were formed by the eruption （爆发） of ancient volcanoes （火山）. Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.

The Caribbean Islands are known by several names.____47____ The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492， because he thought he was near the coast of India.

Later， Spain and France called the islands the Antilles.

There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea.____48____ These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles. Together， they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands.

The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller.____49____ You can see why pirates such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters. There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on.

The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny. Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands.____50____ Many tourists arrive on cruiseships.

第46题__________ 查看材料

A.But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise.

B.The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies， later changed to the West Indies.

C.They"re like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America，

D.They are Cuba， Puerto Rico， Jamaica， and Hispaniola.

E.This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year.

F.Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers （小片） of exposed coral.

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第7题

阅读材料，回答题： The Weight Experiment1NieolaWaiters has been taking part in experiments

阅读材料，回答题：

The Weight Experiment

1NieolaWaiters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gainand lose weight. being locked in asmall room called a" calorimeter" (热量测量室)is one way tofind out. The signs above the two rooms read simply" Chamber One" and" Chamber Two", theseare the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in thename of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads," Please do not enter-work in progress"and in front of the morns advanced machinery registers (记录 ) every move the volunteers make.

Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through ahole in the wall of the calorimeterto the resident volunteer.

2NieolaWaiters is one of the twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent va-rying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicoladoes not have aweight problem, butthought the strict diet might help her with training and fitness program.aself-employed communi-ty dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert(广告)for volunteers at her gym and as she is interested in the whole areaof diet and exercise, shethought she would help out.

3The experiment on Nieolainvolved her spending one day on afixed diet at home and the nextin the room. This sequence(次序) was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calo-rimeter at 8:30 a. m. on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drankwas carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the lastsecond. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and sam-ples were taken for analysis.

4The scientists helped volunteers impose(g确立) akind of order on the long days they faced inthe room. "The first time, I only took one video and abook. but it was OK, because I watched TVthe rest of the time," says Nicola. And twice aday she used the exercisebike. She pedaled(踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn&39;t go too fast.

5It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volun-teers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. believing thatthey may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing ahigh-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicolahas signed up for further ses-sions.

Paragraph 1__________ 查看材料

A.What does the calorimeter look like inside？

B.What program was designed for the experiments？

C.What is acalorimeter？

D.What was the first impression？

E.How did the volunteers kill the time？

F.Why did Nicolaloin in the experiments？

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第8题

请根据短文内容，回答题。 The Caribbean IslandsWhat would you see if you took a cruise to the

请根据短文内容，回答题。

The Caribbean Islands

What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands？ Palm trees and coconuts(椰子) ？ White beaches and clear, blue ocean？ Colorful corals (珊瑚) and even more colorful fishes and birds？＜br＞

You bet. There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are famous for their warm,tropical climate and great natural beauty.＜br＞

The Caribbean Islands form. a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean __________ (46) Many of the islands were formed by the eruption (爆发) of ancient volcanoes (火山) . Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.＜br＞

The Caribbean Islands are known by several names. __________ (47) The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India. Later, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles.＜br＞

There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea. __________ (48) These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles. Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands.＜br＞

The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller. __________ (49) You can see why pirates such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters. There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on.＜br＞

The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny. Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands. __________ (50) Many tourists arrive on cruise ships.＜

第46题__________ 查看材料

A.But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise.

B.The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies， later changed to the West Indies.

C.They"re like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America

D.They are Cuba，Puerto Ric0，Jamaica，and Hispaniola．

E.This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year．

F.Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers（小片）of exposed coral．

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第9题

阅读材料，回答题。 The Spanish Flu EpidemicIf you&39;re worried about the possibility of

阅读材料，回答题。

The Spanish Flu Epidemic

If you&39;re worried about the possibility of a coming bird flu epidemic, you can take comfort in the fact that humanity has survived a similar influenza epidemic in the past. Starting its rounds at the end of World War I, the 1918 flu killed an estimated 50 million people.

Popularly known as the Spanish Flu, this type of influenza was far worse than your common cold.Normally, influenza only kills those who are more vulnerable to disease, such as newborns, the old or the sick.However, the Spanish ,Flu was prone to killing the young and healthy. Often it would disable its victims in hours; within a day, they would be dead, typically from extreme cases of pneumonia (肺炎) .

The Spanish Flu was quite nasty-fast-spreading and deadly. It managed to spread across the globe,devastating the world. Then suddenly, after two years ravaging (蹂躏 ) the Earth, it disappeared as quickly as it had arisen.

Despite its nickname, the Spanish Flu did not originate in Spain. Its true origins are unknown. Some believe it started in US forts and then spread to Europe as America joined the war; others think that it populated the trenches of the English and the French and eventually broke out in 1918. Regardless of where it started,eventually a fifth of the world population suffered the disease, with a global mortality rate (死亡率 ) estimated at 2.5% of the population.

Modernity was partly to blame for the quick spread of the disease. It passed throughout the world on trade routes and shipping lines. It hit Northern America, Europe, Asia, Africa and the South Pacific. The war did not help at all-the movement of supplies and troops aided the spread of the Spanish Flu, as well as the trench

warfare. Imagine the speed at which a virus can spread in a crowded ditch. The fast emergence of the virus in the trenches caused some soldiers to believe that the Spanish Flu was a new form. of biological warfare.

Luckily, the Spanish Flu simply vanished by 1920. It is believed the flu simply ran out of fuel to spread.

The Spanish Flu started during World War I. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第10题

根据材料，回答题。 A Pay Rise or Not？"Unless I get a rise. I"ll have a talk with the boss， H

根据材料，回答题。

A Pay Rise or Not？

"Unless I get a rise. I"ll have a talk with the boss， Henry Manley，" George Strong said to himself. George liked his job and he liked the. town he lived in， but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family. That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham， a nearby city about 50 miles away. He had been offered a job in a factory there， and the pay was far better.

George lived in Wyeford， a medium-sized town. He really liked the place and didn"t like the idea of moving somewhere else， but if he took the job in Birmingham， he would have to move his family there.

Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors. The company was in deep trouble because， among other reasons， the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices. As a result， Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well. Otherwise he would not get any orders at all. Even then， orders were still not coming in fast enough， so that there was no money for raises（加工资） for his workers. Somehow ，he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well. He sighed. Just then the phone rang.

His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible. Manley sighed again. He could guess what it was about. George Strong was a very young engineer. The company had no future unless it could attract and keep men like him. Manley rubbed his forehead his problems seemed endless.

Henry Manley was already deeply in debt. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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阅读材料，回答题。 Why Would They Falsely Confess？ Why on earth would an innocent person f