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根据以下材料，回答题Global Warming（1） Smoke is clouding our view of global warming， protect

根据以下材料，回答题

Global Warming

（1） Smoke is clouding our view of global warming， protecting the planet from perhaps three-quarters of the greenhouse （温室） effect. That might sound like good news， but experts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades， we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses.

（2） This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem， Berlin， where top atmospheric scientists got together， including Nobel prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin， former chairman of the UN"s Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC）.

（3） IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols （浮质） of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest， crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide （二氧化碳） emissions. Until now， they reckoned that aerosols reduced greenhouse warming by perhaps a quarter， cutting increases by 0.2℃. So the 0.6℃ of warming over the past century would have been 0.8℃without aerosols.

（4） But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher——aerosols may have reduced global warming by as much as three-quarters， cutting increases by 1.80C. If SO， the good news is that aerosols have prevented the world getting almost two degrees warmer than it is now. But the bad news is that the climate system is much more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously guessed.

（5） As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aerosols stabilize or fall， that means "dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change"，the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop．

Paragraph 2 __________ 查看材料

A.Atmospheric scientists

B.The calculations made at the berlin workshop

C.The previous calculations of the effect of aerosols

D.The scientists" agreement

E.The authoritative conclusion

F.Greenhouse gases

答案

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发布时间：2020-11-18

更多“根据以下材料，回答题Global Warming（1） Smoke is clouding our view of global warming， protect”相关的问题

第1题

根据下面短文内容，回答题。 Traffic Jams —— No End in Sight Paragraph 1 ______

根据下面短文内容，回答题。

Traffic Jams —— No End in Sight

Paragraph 1 __________ 查看材料

A.Paying to get in

B.Changing work practice

C.Not doing enough

D.A solution which is no solution

E.Closing city centres to traffic

F.A global problem

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第2题

阅读材料，回答题。 The Spanish Flu EpidemicIf you&39;re worried about the possibility of

阅读材料，回答题。

The Spanish Flu Epidemic

If you&39;re worried about the possibility of a coming bird flu epidemic, you can take comfort in the fact that humanity has survived a similar influenza epidemic in the past. Starting its rounds at the end of World War I, the 1918 flu killed an estimated 50 million people.

Popularly known as the Spanish Flu, this type of influenza was far worse than your common cold.Normally, influenza only kills those who are more vulnerable to disease, such as newborns, the old or the sick.However, the Spanish ,Flu was prone to killing the young and healthy. Often it would disable its victims in hours; within a day, they would be dead, typically from extreme cases of pneumonia (肺炎) .

The Spanish Flu was quite nasty-fast-spreading and deadly. It managed to spread across the globe,devastating the world. Then suddenly, after two years ravaging (蹂躏 ) the Earth, it disappeared as quickly as it had arisen.

Despite its nickname, the Spanish Flu did not originate in Spain. Its true origins are unknown. Some believe it started in US forts and then spread to Europe as America joined the war; others think that it populated the trenches of the English and the French and eventually broke out in 1918. Regardless of where it started,eventually a fifth of the world population suffered the disease, with a global mortality rate (死亡率 ) estimated at 2.5% of the population.

Modernity was partly to blame for the quick spread of the disease. It passed throughout the world on trade routes and shipping lines. It hit Northern America, Europe, Asia, Africa and the South Pacific. The war did not help at all-the movement of supplies and troops aided the spread of the Spanish Flu, as well as the trench

warfare. Imagine the speed at which a virus can spread in a crowded ditch. The fast emergence of the virus in the trenches caused some soldiers to believe that the Spanish Flu was a new form. of biological warfare.

Luckily, the Spanish Flu simply vanished by 1920. It is believed the flu simply ran out of fuel to spread.

The Spanish Flu started during World War I. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第3题

根据以下材料，回答题Lakes， Too， Feel Global WarmingThere"s no doubt: In the last few decade

根据以下材料，回答题

Lakes， Too， Feel Global Warming

There"s no doubt: In the last few decades， the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years. Around the world， people are starting to measure the effects of global warming—— and trying to figure out what to do about it.

Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world， and they found that lakes are heating up. Between 1985 and 2009， satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years， the lakes got warmer——by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.

In some places， lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate， a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years. That difference may seem small——you might not even notice it in your bath. But in a lake， slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae （水藻）， and algae can make the lake poisonous （有毒的） to fish.

The study shows that in some regions， lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well， scientists can get a better picture of global warming.

The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.

That"s going to be useful， since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change.

Scientists aren"t the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it， especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse （温室） gases we put into the air.

That"s why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change， or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets， and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.

Scientists have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第4题

根据下面材料，回答题。Florence NightingaleIn 1837， to the age of seventeen， Florence Nightin

根据下面材料，回答题。

Florence Nightingale

In 1837， to the age of seventeen， Florence Nightingale decided to become a nurse，___51____ horrified her dear mother. In ___52____ days， nurses were little more than doormen， and hospitals were places of dirtiness and ___53____. Nightingale pressed on and in 1853 she became president ___54____ a small London hospital. She went on to the Crimea when war ___55____ there between Britain and Russia. She ___56____ the first of what we now know ___57 ____war hospitals: sanitary，safe， and stocked with supplies. Her tireless ministrations （照料） to the ___58 ____soldiers made her famous all ___59 ____the world. Following the War， Nightingale ___60____ fame and continued to train nurse， ever battling ___61____ what she herself declared "a commonly received idea..， that it requires nothing ___62____ a disappointment in love， or incapacity in other things， to turn a woman ___63____ a good nurse." Since 1921， her birthday ___64____ the centerpiece of National Hospital Week，___65____ in British and American hospitals with special exhibitions， workshops， and publicity drives.

___________ 查看材料

A.which

B.who

C.what

D.that

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第5题

根据以下材料，回答题Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient hist

根据以下材料，回答题

Older Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history， not because they were bigger， but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.

Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals， but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise， the older the massive volcanic eruptions were， the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that for size， older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.

The Permian extinction， for example， which happened 250 million years ago， is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatones of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera at the time， and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago， there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all，" Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago， because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.

Vincent Courtillot， director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France， says that Wignall"s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced， and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.

Why did older volcanic eruptions do more damage than more recent ones？查看材料

A.Because they killed off life more easily.

B.Because they were brighter.

C.Because they were larger.

D.Because they were hotter.

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第6题

根据以下材料，回答题Be Alert to Antimicrobial （抗菌剂） ResistanceThe ability of micro-organ

根据以下材料，回答题

Be Alert to Antimicrobial （抗菌剂） Resistance

The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment （multi-drug resistant bacteria）， so pose particular difficulties， as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global publlic health problem.

WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics， reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

An article punished in The Lancet Infectious Diseases on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics. The article "has drawn attention to the issue of AMR （antimicrobial resistance） and， in particular， has raised awareness of infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria.

While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear， this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission， and to define the most effective measures for control.

Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers， managers of hospitals， patients， as well as national govemments， the pharmaceutical industry and intemational agencies.

WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use， including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures， including the use of hand-washing measures， particularly in healthcare facilities.

Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries， and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.

WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies， and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO"s World Health Day 2011.

Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest？查看材料

A.The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present.

B.The micro-organisms develop much faster than the past， so the researchers are more interested.

C.The antibiotics for multi-drug resistant bacteria are highly priced and there will be a big market for the drug industry.

D.The antibiotics has been found more powerful for the treatment of the multi-drug resistant bacteria.

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第7题

根据以下材料，回答题Tales of the Terrible PastIt is not the job of fiction writers to analy

根据以下材料，回答题

Tales of the Terrible Past

It is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. Yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner， storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously. Among those taking on the task of recounting history are some black writers who attempt to examine slavery from different points of view.

Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the legacy of slavery in her book Beloved. The main character in this novel， a former slave called Sethe， lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War， but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories. Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences， the reader learns how and why Sethe escaped from the plantation she had lived on; the fate of her husband， who also tried to escape; and finally， what happened to the child called Beloved. Morrison"s scenes of torture and murder are vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners.

Charles Johnson"s Middle Passage approaches slavery from a different， yet no less violent，vantage point. His main character， Rutherfprd Calhoun， is a ne"er-do-well free black American who stows away on a slave ship bound for Africa to collect its "cargo". Put to work after he is discovered，Calhoun witnesses firsthand the appalling conditions in which the captured Africans are transported.

When they finally rebel and take over the ship， he finds himself in the middle—— and is forced to come to terms with who he is and what his values are.

Neither Beloved nor Middle Passage is an easy read， but both exemplify African American writers" attempts to bring significant historical situations alive for a modem audience.

This passage is mostly about 查看材料

A.the causes of slavery in America

B.black writers in the late 20th century

C.why Morrison and Johnson wrote the books they did

D.two novels that deal with slavery

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第8题

根据以下材料，回答题。SmugglingIt is not unusual for a pet to be sent by air cargo from Colu

根据以下材料，回答题。

Smuggling

It is not unusual for a pet to be sent by air cargo from Columbia to New York， but last December"s shipment of a 4-year-old sheep dog caught a New York Kennedy Airport Customs inspector"s eye. The dog looked to be on its last legs， and there was an unusual lump on the side of its body. An X-ray and emergency surgery revealed the presence of 10 condoms tightly packed with five pounds of cocaine that had been surgically implanted in the dog"s abdomen——yet another first for Customs in the war on drugs.

When it comes to transporting drugs， the methods used are only as limited as a smuggler"s imagination. Kilo bricks of cocaine are routinely concealed beneath false bottoms of containers that hold poisonous snakes. "You"ve got snakes that are 12 feet long，" says a United States Fish and Wildlife Service agent——and sometimes the drug is in the snake. "Who"s going to pull it out.

In 1994， United States Customs seized 204，391 pounds of cocaine ，559，286 pounds of marijuana and 2，577 pounds of heroin， just how much actually flows into the country is anyone"s guess. Some Customs officials estimate that only 10 percent of the drugs coming into the country are ever seized. In Miami， the District Attorney won"t even prosecute small fry. "It"s got to be over five kilos of cocaine ，above a kilo of heroin and more than 5，000 pounds of marijuana or it"s not something that we"re going to stop the presses on " says Tom Cash， a retired agent.

Given this deluge， one can only wonder if agents are ever confounded by some of the smuggling methods. "There are things we haven"t seen before，" says John McGhee， a Miami Customs special agent， "but nothing really surprises us. "

The dog was different from others because 查看材料

A.it was very attractive

B.it could stand only on its hind legs

C.it had only two legs

D.it had a very big abdomen

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第9题

根据以下材料，回答题Electric BackpackBackpacks are convenient. They can hold your books， yo

根据以下材料，回答题

Electric Backpack

Backpacks are convenient. They can hold your books， your lunch， and a change of clothes leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday， if you don"t mind carrying a heavy load， your backpacks might also power your MP3 player， keep your cell phone running， and maybe even light your way home.

Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole， Mass. have invented a backpack thatmakes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions search-and-rescue operations and scientific field studies， people rely increasingly on cellphones global positioning system （GPS） receivers，night-vision goggles， and other battery powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpack"s electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearer"s load now devoted to spare batteries， report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept.9 science.

The backpack"s electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame. sits against the wearer"s back， and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator， producing up to 7.4 watts.

Unexpectedly， tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the pack"s oscillations， so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage， Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack.

The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers， scientists， mountaineers， and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us， power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk， play video games， watch TV， and listen to music， all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs aren"t on the market yet， but if you do get one eventually just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!

Backpacks are convenient because __________. 查看材料

A.they can be verylarge

B.they can hold as many things as you want to carry

C.your handsare freed to do other things

D.you do not have to carry things withyou

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第10题

请根据短文内容，回答题。 A Sunshade for the PlanetEven with the best will in the world, redu

请根据短文内容，回答题。

A Sunshade for the Planet

Even with the best will in the world, reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the strongest measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time, resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.＜br＞

Fortunately, if the worst comes to the worse, scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves.＜br＞

For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now, that is. A growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale "geoengineering" projects that might be used to counteract global warming. "I use the analogy of methadone," says Stephen Schneider, a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming. "If you have a heroin addict, the correct treatment is hospitalization, and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse, methadone is better than heroin."＜br＞

Basically the idea is to apply "sunscreen" to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth: launch trillions of feather-light discs into space, where they would form. a vast cloud that would block the sun&39;s rays. It&39;s controversial, but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth&39;s surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 per cent of the incident energy in the sun&39;s rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That could be crucial, because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century, and that would last for at least a century more.

According to the first two paragraphs， the author thinks that __________. 查看材料

A.strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming

B.to reduce carbon emissions is an impossible mission

C.despite the difficulty， scientists have some options to prevent global Warming

D.actions suggested by scientists will never be realized

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