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阅读材料，回答题。 High Blood PressureThere is evidence that the usual variety of high blo

阅读材料，回答题。

High Blood Pressure

There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is，in part，a familial disease．Since families have similar genes as well as similar environment，familial diseases could be due to shared genetic influences，to shared environmental factors，or to both．For some years，the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families，namely dietary salt，has been studied at Brook—haven National Laboratory．These studies suggest that chronic excess salt ingestion(摄取)can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals．Some individuals，however，and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure．No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments，some salt-fed animals never develop hypertension(高血压)whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertensions followed by early death．These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution．

By mating in successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion，a resistant strain(the R strain)has been evolved in which consumPtion of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly．In contrast，by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt，a sensitive strain(the S strain)has also been developed．

The availability of these two strains permits investigations not therefore possible．They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human developing methods by which genetic susceptibility(敏感性)of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance．

The main idea of this passage is__________．查看材料

A.Genetic constitution，or hereditary factor is all important factor that may underlie hypertension

B.Excessive use of salt may cause high blood pressure

C.Shared environmental factors may lead to familial disease

D.There are two different kinds of strains in animals which cause their different reactions to excess salt ingestion

答案

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发布时间：2021-08-03

更多“阅读材料，回答题。 High Blood PressureThere is evidence that the usual variety of high blo”相关的问题

第1题

阅读材料，回答题。 Health or ProfitAlthough there is no direct evidence that salt is the c

阅读材料，回答题。

Health or Profit

Although there is no direct evidence that salt is the cause of high blood pressure ar“hypertension”，there are studies which indicate that reducing salt intake lowers blood pressure．Some scientists are also concerned that excessive use of salt may cause asthma and kidney disease．Therefore most doctors would welcome a decision by food manufacturers to decrease the amount of salt in food．

Many food manufacturers，however，are reluctant to reduce tile amount of salt．Salt is an important flavor enhancer and preservative．British Salt points out that salt is an essential nutrient and regular intake is required to maintain bodily functions．Moreover，according to British Salt，there are greater risk factors in hypertension，such as obesity(肥胖)，lack of exercise，alcohol intake and smokin9．Another reason why food producers are not keen on lowering the amount of salt is probably that they fear that less salt will mean lower sales．Not only

will the sale of processed food containing salt decease but also the sale of soft drinks．

A recent study，published in The Lancet of April l999，proves that if manufacturers cut the salt content of food it will not necessarily affect the taste of the product．Anthony Rodgers and Bruce Neal conducted a study to examine the difference in taste between bread with standard and reduced salt content．Three types of whole—meal bread were prepared，identical in all respects except for salt content．One loaf contained the standard quantity，one loaf l0％reduced and one 20％reduced．Sixty participants，who did not know the salt content were asked to rate the taste on a scale from zero to ten．They also had to guess which loaf contained the standard，10％reduced and 20％reduced quantity．Of the l80 9uesses of salt content，63 were correct，which is not different from what would be expected by chance．

The study by Rodgers and Neal indicates that small reductions in salt content will not necessarily affect sales．If food manufacturers decide to diminish the amount of salt in food，blood pressure of the entire population will shift downwards，which may result in considerable health benefits．One of Britain’s largest supermarkets，Asda，has already decided to decrease the amount of salt in its products．The Asda products will contain up to 25％less salt．

What brought about the demand for reduction of salt for food products？查看材料

A.Studies indicate that salt can cause high blood pressure．

B.Scientists think that the reduction of salt will reduce the possibility of asthma and kidney disease．

C.Doctors are sure that there is correlation between salt intake and many diseases．

D.Studies show that the reduced intake of salt may decrease the possibility of high blood pressure．

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第2题

根据下面材料，回答题。 Diabetes （糖尿病) and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diab

根据下面材料，回答题。

Diabetes (糖尿病) and Eye Damage

Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age. Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin (胰岛素) or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose (葡萄糖), a simple sugar, into the body&39;s cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. If insulin isn&39;t available or doesn&39;t work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells, glucose will stay in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels.

High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, including the tiny blood vessels in the eye. This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy (糖尿病型视网膜病). The retina (视网膜) is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals, With diabetic retinopathy, some blood vessels in the retina are lost, and some of the other blood vessels begin to "leak" blood. This causes the retina to swell and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients (滋养物). Eventually, the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately, these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones. They are more likely to break, causing bleeding in the eye.

At first, people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, they may notice blurred (模糊的) vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on, it can progress to blindness.

Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy, andthe risk increases the longer you&39;ve had diabetes.

Fortunately, you can reduce your risk if you do not have diabetes, but think you may be at risk for this condition. Visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes. If you do have diabetes: have frequent eye check-ups.

Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as

recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage. If you have high blood pressure, follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control. If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure, or whether your blood pressure is under control, discuss this with your doctor.

Glucose cannot be turned into energy in the body__________. 查看材料

A.without diabetes

B.without sugar

C.without insulin

D.without food

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第3题

根据以下材料，回答题Diabetes （糖尿病） and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diabetes.

根据以下材料，回答题

Diabetes （糖尿病） and Eye Damage

Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin （胰岛素） or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose （葡萄糖）， a simple sugar， into the body"s cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose， which is used by the cells as a source of energy~ If insulin isn"t available or doesn"t work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells， glucose will stay in the blood， leading to high blood sugar levels.

High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels， including the tiny blood vessels in the eye.

This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy （糖尿病型视网膜病） . The retina （视网膜） is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy， some blood vessels in the retina are lost， and some of the other blood vessels begin to "leak" blood. This causes the retina to swell， and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients （滋养物） . Eventually， the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately， these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones They are more likely to break， causing bleeding in the eye.

At f"trst， people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms. As the disease gets worse， they may notice blurred （模糊的） vision， black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on， it can progress to blindness. Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy， and the risk increases the longer you"ve had diabetes.

Fortunately， you can reduce your risk. If you do not have diabetes， but think you may be at risk for this condition， visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes. If you do have diabetes: have frequent eye check-ups.

Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage. If you have high blood pressure， follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control. If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure， or whether your blood pressure is under control， discuss this with your doctor.

Glucose cannot be turned into energy in the body __________. 查看材料

A.without diabetes

B.without sugar

C.without insulin

D.without food

点击查看答案

第4题

根据以下材料，回答题Happy Marriage， Happy HeartHappily married people have lower blood pres

根据以下材料，回答题

Happy Marriage， Happy Heart

Happily married people have lower blood pressure 51_______ unhappily married people or

singles， a Brigham Young University study says.

On the other 52_______ ， even having a supportive social network did not translate into a blood pressure benefit for singles or unhappily married people， according to the study.

"There seem to be some unique health benefits from marriage. It"s not just being married 53_______ benefits health-what"s really the most protective of health"is having a 54_______ marriage，" study author Julianne Holt， Lunstad， a psychologist who specializes in relationships and health， said in a prepared statement.

The study included 204 married and 99 55_______ adults who wore portable blood-pressure monitors for 24 hours. The 56_______ recorded blood pressure at random intervals and provided a total of about 72 readings.

"We wanted to capture participants" blood pressure doing whatever they normally 57_______ in everyday life. Getting one or two readings in a clinic is not really 58_______ of the fluctuations that occur throughout the day，" Holt-Lunstad said.

Overall， happily married people scored four points 59_______ on the blood pressure readings than single adults. The study also found that blood 60_______ among married people- especially those in happy marriages—— 61_______ more during sleep than in single people.

"Research has shown that people whose blood pressure remains high" throughout the night are at 62_______ greater risk of heart disease than people whose blood pressure drops，" Holt-Lunstad said.

The study was published in the March 20 63_______ of the joumal Annals of Behavioral Medicine.

The study also found that unhappily married adults have higher blood pressure than bothhappily married 64_______ single adults.

Holt-Lunstad noted that married couples can encourage healthy habits in one 65_______ ， such as eating a healthy diet and having regular doctor visits. People in happy marriages also have a source of emotional support， she said.

回答（51）题查看材料

A.from

B.to

C.than

D.by

点击查看答案

第5题

回答题： Facts about Stroke1Every 45 seconds, someone in America has a stroke. Every 3.1

回答题：

Facts about Stroke

1Every 45 seconds, someone in America has a stroke. Every 3.1 minutes, someone dies of one.

Stroke killed an estimated 167,661 people in 2000 and is the nation&39;s third leading cause of death, ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer. Stroke is a leading cause of serious ,long-term disability in the United States.

2 Stroke is a type of cardiovascular(心血管的) disease. It affects the arteries(动脉) leading to and within the brain. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients(营养物) to the brain is either blocked by a clot(凝块) or bursts. When that happens,part of the brain cannot get the blood(and oxygen)it needs,so it starts to die.

3The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions. If a stroke occurs and blood flow can&39;t reach the region that controls a particular body function, that part of the body won&39;t work as it should. If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain, for instance, it&39;s likely that some disability involving vision will result. The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction(阻塞) and the extent of brain tissue affected.

4The American Stroke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke.

The more risk factors a persor has,the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke. Some of these you can&39;t control, such as increasing age, family health history, race, and prior stroke. But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk. Factors resulting from lifestyle. or envi-ronment can be modified with a healthcare provider&39;s help. Some of these include : high blood pres-sure,current smoking,heart disease,and high red blood cell count.

5A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment. In fact about 600,000 people have strokes every year. For many years, there was no hope for those suffering a stroke. However, recent break-throughs have led to new treatments. For the treatments to work, the person must get to a hospital immediately.

Paragraph 2 __________. 查看材料

A.Effects of a stroke

B.Annual cost of stroke in the US

C.Definition and description of a stroke

D.Breakthroughs in treatment

E.Risk factors of stroke

F.Warnin~ signs of a stroke

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第6题

请根据短文内容，回答题。 ADHD Linked to Air PollutantsChildren have an increased risk of att

请根据短文内容，回答题。

ADHD Linked to Air Pollutants

Children have an increased risk of attention problems, seen as early as grade school, if their morns inhaled (吸入) a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That&39;s the finding of a new study. Released when things aren&39;t burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels,wood and trash. Frederica Perera works at Columbia University&39;s Mailman School of Public Health in New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects children&39;s health. In a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew (排放) PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera&39;s team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe (探查) other sources of PAHs, ones that would have been hard for an individual to avoid.＜br＞

The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason: Any PAHs in a woman&39;s blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in these children, now age 9. They asked each child&39;s mother a series of questions. These included whether her child had problems doing things that needed sustained (长期的) mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in 10 U.S. children has ADHD. Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect.＜br＞

Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Others had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published on November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE

Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第7题

阅读材料，回答题。Washington Irving was America’s first man of letters to beknown internatio

阅读材料，回答题。

Washington Irving was America’s first man of letters to beknown internationally. His works were received enthusiastically both in Englandand in the United States. He was, in fact; one of the most successful writersof his time in the country, and at the same time winning the admiration offellow writers like Scott in Britain and Poe and Hawthorne in the UnitedStates. The respect in which he was held partly owing to the man himself, withhis warm friendliness, his good sense, his urbanity, his gay spirits, hisartistic integrity, his love of both the Old World and the New. Thackeray describedIrving as "a gentleman, who, though himself born in no very high sphere, wasmost finished, polished, witty; socially the equal of the most refinedEuropeans. " In England be was granted an honorary degree from Oxford anunusual honor for a citizen of a young, uncultured nation and he received themedal of the Royal Society of Literature. America made him ambassador to Spain.

Irving’s background provides little to explain his literaryachievements. A gifted but delicate child, he had little schooling. He studiedlaw, but without zeal, and never did practice seriously. He was immune to hisslrict Presbyterian home environment, frequenting both social gatherings and thetheater.

The main point of the first paragraph is that WashingtonIrving was________ 查看材料

A.America’s first man of letters

B.a writer who had great success both in and outside his owncountry

C.a man who was able to move from literature to politics

D.a man whose personal charm enabled him to get by withbasically inferior work

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第8题

根据以下材料，回答题Smart ExerciseDoctors are starting to find more and more information th

根据以下材料，回答题

Smart Exercise

Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron， a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University， studies brain development. According to her research， it seems that exercise can make blood vessels， including those in the brain， stronger and more fully developed. Dr.

Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says: "While we already know that exercise is good for the heart， exercise can literally cause physical changes in the brain."

The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies， even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes， a pediatrician （儿科医师）， believes in the importance of exercise.

She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. "Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory.

In this way， as they get older， children will begin to associate physical activity with higher learning，" says Margaret.

Older people can beef up their brains as well. Cornell University studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult， but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also， just like the motion for infants， exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.

For most people， any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain"s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.

Research by Dr. Cameron seems to suggest that exercise can __________. 查看材料

A.generate new blood vessels

B.change the way a person thinks

C.promote brain development

D.divert one"s attention

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第9题

阅读材料，回答题。 Intellectual Revolution Culture is activity of thought, and receptiven

阅读材料，回答题。

Intellectual Revolution

Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and humane feeling. Scraps of information have nothing to do with it. A merely well-informed man is the most useless51on God&39;s earth. What we should52at producing is men who possess both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction.Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start53, and their culture will lead them as54as philosophy and as high as art. We have to remember that the valuable55development is self-development,and that it56takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve.

In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must beware of what I will call "inert ideas" -that is to say, ideas that are merely.57into the mind without being utilized, or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations. In the history of education, the most58phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius, in a59generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overladen with inert ideas. Except at60intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically 61with inert ideas. That is the reason why. 62clever women, who have seen much of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from this horrible63of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity64 greatness has been a65protest against inert ideas.

请在第__（51）__处填上正确答案。查看材料

A.bore

B.irony

C.snob

D.gut

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第10题

阅读材料，回答题。 Stories One of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Be

阅读材料，回答题。

Stories

One of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Benetton. The Benetton family opened their first shop in Italy in 1968.46Benetton followed four marketing principles in order to achieve their success.

The first principle in Consumer Concept. To build a successful business, you have to develop products around things people value, especially quality.47He created clothes to match people&39;s wants : the style. is casual; the colors and patterns are bold; and the quality is excellent.

The System Link in another feature of good marketing. For Benetton, this means waiting to get information about what customers like and what they dislike before making the clothes.48

The Information Link means making sure the company responds quickly to people&39;s demands.49 This information is then sent to the main office in Italy. Benetton can use this information to identify popular products and to continue making them; it can also identify less popular products and stop making them.

A final important marketing principle is the Retail Link. There are Benetton stores in countries around the world. All the stores have the same clothing, the same window display, and the same approach to sales.50

The things people like about Benetton stores are that the quality is always high and the prices are generally low. And that spells success.

请在第__（46）__处填上正确答案。查看材料

A.The founder of Benetton began by asking people what they wanted.

B.There used to be a good reason for this.

C.When something is sold at a Benetton store， the store records information about the type，size， and color of the item.

D.Today， there are Benetton shops in major cities all over the world.

E.This means that customers can go into any Benetton store in the world and be sure of what they are buying.

F.In other words， Benetton"s clothes are made to order.

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