阅读材料,回答题: Computers in CarsYou&39;re far from home on alonely road. Shadowy fores - 试题答案网问答

第1题

阅读材料，回答题。 Artificial IntelligenceFor years there have been endless articles stati

阅读材料，回答题。

Artificial Intelligence

For years there have been endless articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence and that it is just around the corner.The truth is that it may be just around the corner, but they haven&39;t yet found the fight block.

Artificial intelligence aims to build machines that can think. One immediate problem is to define thought,which is harder than you might think.The specialists in the field of artificial intelligence complain, with some justification, that anything that their machines do is dismissed as not being thought. For example, computer now plays very, very good chess.

They can&39;t beat the greatest players in the world, but they can beat just about anybody else.If a human being played chess at this level, he or she would certainly be considered smart.Why not a machine？ The answer is that the machine doesn&39;t do anything clever in playing chess. It uses its blinding speed to do a brute force search of all possible moves for several moves ahead, evaluates the outcomes and picks the best.Human don&39;t play chess that way.They see patterns, while computers don&39;t.

This wooden approach to thought characterizes machine intelligence.Computers have no judgment, no common sense.So-called expert systems, one of the hottest areas in artificial intelligence aims to mimic the reasoning processes of human experts in a limited field, such as medical diagnosis or weather forecasting.There may be limited commercial applications for this sort of thing, but there is no way to make a machine that can think about anything under the sun, which a teenager can do.

The hallmark of artificial intelligence to date is that if a problem is severely restricted, a machine can achieve limited success.But when the problem is expanded to a realistic one computers fall fiat on their display screens.For example.machines can understand a few words spoken individually by a speaker that they have been trained to hear.They cannot understand continuous speech using an unlimited vocabulary spoken by just any speaker.

According to the passage， we know that the writer__________. 查看材料

A.thinks that artificial intelligence is just around the corner

B.doubts whether scientists can ever find artificial intelligence

C.does not believe that scientists have discovered real artificial intelligence

D.feels certain that scientists have obtained real artificial intelligence

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第2题

阅读材料，回答题。 Why Would They Falsely Confess？ Why on earth would an innocent person f

阅读材料，回答题。

Why Would They Falsely Confess？

Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime？ To most people, it justdoesn&39;t seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what could happen in a police interrogation(审讯) room. Under the right conditions, people&39;s minds are susceptible (易受影响的 ) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grilling (盘问 ) is enormous.

46"The pressure is important to understand because otherwise it&39;s impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn&39;t do. The answer is to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess." Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn&39;t do.47The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.

Redlich&39;s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed.48Of the 15 to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12 to 13-year-olds.

"There&39;s no question that young people are more at risk, " says Saul Kassin, Professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results.49A psychology Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning-and still, most participants falsely confessed.

Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation.50

请在第__（46）__处填上正确答案。查看材料

A.In her experiment participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "Alt" key， because doing so would crash the systems.

B.In some ways，" says Kassin， " false confession becomes a rational decision."

C."It"s a little like somebody"s working on them with a dental （牙齿的） drill， " says Franklin Zimring， a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.

D."But adults are highly vulnerable too."

E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn"t do？

F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant， the more likely a false confession.

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第3题

根据以下材料，回答题Influence from InternetThere can be no doubt at all that the Intemet ha

根据以下材料，回答题

Influence from Internet

There can be no doubt at all that the Intemet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Intemet， hardly ___________ （51） doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally， parents are ___________ （52） to find out why the Interact is so attractive， and they want to know if it can be ___________ （53） for their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time ___________ （54） their computers？

Obviously; if children are bent over their computers for hours， ___________ （55） in some game，instead of doing their homework， then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should ___________ （56） of the Intemet and the child should give ___________ （57） to parents that it won"t interfere with homework. If the child is not ___________ （58 ） to this arrangement，the parent can take more drastic ___________ （59） dealing with a child"s use of the Intemet， which is not much ___________ （60） from any other sort of bargain about behaviour.

Any parent who is ___________ （61） alarmed about a child"s behaviour should make an appointment to ___________ （62） the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not ___________ （63） affect a child"s performance at school. Even ifa child is ___________ （64） crazy about using the Intemet， he or she is probably just ___________ （65） through a phase， and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!

回答（51）题查看材料

A.always

B.rarely

C.never

D.ever

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第4题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 The Difference between Man and ComputerWhat makes people differe

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

The Difference between Man and Computer

What makes people different from computer programs？ What is the missing element that our theories don&39;t yet __________ (51) for？ The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about __________ (52) they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand,don&39;t. In fact, computers don&39;t __________ (53) have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to fred out when they read. If a computer __________ (54) is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a "purpose".＜br＞

Of course, people have several goals that do not make __________ (55) to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide __________ (56) order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to __________ (57) a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.＜br＞

However, these physiological and social goals give __________(58) to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to fmd __________ (59) about the name of a restaurant which __________ (60) the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to __________ (61) information or knowledge, what we are calling __________ (62) goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer__________ (63) "want" to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so__________ (64) the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not __________(65) out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants

__________ 查看材料

A.express

B.explain

C.account

D.count

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第5题

根据材料，回答题。Computers in CarsYou"re far from home on a lonely mad. Shadowy forests st

根据材料，回答题。

Computers in Cars

You"re far from home on a lonely mad. Shadowy forests stretch away on both sides. A thick mist（雾） makes it difficult to see far beyond your car"s windshield （挡风玻璃）.

"Can this be route 90A？" you wonder. If it is， you should be near a town. Yet there"s no hint of one. Night is closing in. And you"re low on gasoline.

This is a situation where an in-car computer that can navigate would be a big help.

A car computer that navigates？ Yes! Such computers exist. Several experimental models are being tested by General Motors， Ford， Chrysler， and several foreign car makers. These computers vary in detail. But they all contain series of maps on videodiscs or videotapes. For example， one computer system contains 13，300 maps covering the continental US.

Before starting out on a trip， a driver can type in the code for the region he or she plans to drive through. The computer then shows a map of that region. At the same time， a tiny radio receiver linked to the computer goes to work. It picks up signals from navigation satellites such as the NAVSTAR network. Using these signals， the computer shows the car"s position at all times and displays this position on the map. The computer can also calculate and display the best route to follow.

A navigation computer may also receive and use data about road construction， weather conditions， and traffic jams. This information would be displayed to the driver and the computer would also use the information to work out alternate （交替的）routes。

Most cars nowadays also contain computers that help cars run more efficiently. Microprocessors （微处理机） control certain engine functions by regulating the mixing of fuel. Data on car speed， oil pressure， revolutions per minute， engine temperature， and fuel level can be displayed as digital data （numbers） or warning lights.

Some auto designers suggest that a central computer display be used to clearly present such timely information as car speed and fuel level. Warning lights would indicate a drop in oil pressure or a sudden rise in engine temperature. To get more information on these conditions， the driver could call it up on the computer display screen. When needed， the computer could be"asked" to provide navigation aid or information about the car"s condition.

By describing a typical situation of a lost driver on the road， the author intends to 查看材料

A.make us believe how complex the highway computer network is

B.let us know how in-car computers are linked to road signs

C.show us how helpful a navigation computer can be

D.tell us that NAVSTAR has come into use

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第6题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 Gender GapThe girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto,

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

Gender Gap

The girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys. But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of what the researchers call a major new gender (性别) gap in technology. Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Women says, "Girls tend to be less comfortable than boys with the computer. They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving, rather than to discover new ways in which to understand information."＜br＞

After re-examining a thousand studies, the American Association of University Women researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes. Girls consistently rate themselves significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers. And they use computers less often than boys outside the classroom.＜br＞

An instructor of a computer lab says he&39;s already noticed some differences. Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, "Boys are not so afraid they might do something that will harm the computer, whereas girls are afraid they might break it somehow."＜br＞

Six years ago, the software company Purple Moon noticed that girls&39; computer usage was falling behind boys. Karen Gould says, "The number one reason girls told us they don&39;t like computer games is not that they&39;re too violent, or too competitive. Girls just said they&39;re incredibly boring."＜br＞

Purple Moon says it found what girls want, characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what&39;s going on in their own lives. Karen Gould of Purple Moon Software says, "What we definitely found from girls is that there is no intrinsic (固有的 ) reason why they wouldn&39;t want to play on a computer; it was just a content thing."＜br＞

The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this: the technology gender gap that separates the girls from the boys must be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the 21 st century.

According to the passage， girls are victims of the gender gap in technology because__________. 查看材料

A.they can not discover new ways to use computers

B.they have the same access to computers as boys

C.they are likely to be less comfortable with computers

D.they can only use computers for word processing

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第7题

请根据短文内容，回答题。 New Research Lights the Way to Super-fast Computers（1) New research

请根据短文内容，回答题。

New Research Lights the Way to Super-fast Computers

(1) New research published today in the journal Nature Communications, has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.＜br＞

(2)The research by the University of Surrey, in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton, has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides, a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs.＜br＞

By using a technique called ion doping, the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems.＜br＞

(3)Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications. On the other hand, data sources such as the Internet rely on optical systems; the transfer of information using light. Optical fibers are used to send information around the world at the speed of light, but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signals once they reach a computer, causing a significant slowdown in processing.＜br＞

(4) "The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information arotmd a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information, we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data," said project leader, Dr Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.＜br＞

(5) "This has eluded researchers for decades, but now we have now shown how a widely used glass can be manipulated to conduct negative electrons, as well as positive charges, creating what are known as &39;pn-junction&39; devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source, a light guide and a light detector -- something that can carry and interpret optical information. In doing so, this could transform. the computers of tomorrow, allowing them to effectively process information at much faster speeds."＜br＞

(6) The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years. In the short term, the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM, which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.＜

Paragraph 2 __________ 查看材料

A.Expectation of the discovery

B.The problem of current computers

C.A new finding

D.The purpose of the research

E.Public reaction to the discovery

F.The use of the new material

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第8题

根据以下材料，回答题Why Would They Falsely Confess？Why on earth would an innocent person fa

根据以下材料，回答题

Why Would They Falsely Confess？

Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime？ To mostpeople， it just doesn"t seem logical. But it is logical， say experts， if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation （审讯） room. Under the right conditions， people"s minds are susceptible （易受影响的） to influence， and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings（盘问） is enormous. __________ （46） "Thepressure is important to understand. Because，otherwise， it"s impossible to understand whysomeone would say he did something he didn"t do.

The answer is: to put an end to anuncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess." Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratorydetermine how likely people are to confess to things they didn"t do. __________ （47） The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hittingthe "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.

Redlich"s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed __________ （48） Of the 15-to-16-year-olds， 72 percent signed confessions， as did 78 percent of the 12-to-13-year-olds.

"There"s no question that young people are more at risk，" says Saul Kassin， Professor at Williams College， who has done similar studies with similar results. __________ （49） Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation——not hours of aggressive questioning—— and still， most participants falsely confessed. Because of the stress of a police interrogation， they conclude， suspects can becomeconvinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. __________ （50）

回答（46）题查看材料

A.In her experiment， participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key， because doing so would crash the systems.

B."In some ways，" says Kassin， "false confession becomes a rational decision."

C."It"s a little like somebody"s working on them with a dental （牙齿的） drill，" says Franklin Zimring， a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.

D."But adults are highly vulnerable too."

E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn"t do？

F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant， the more likely a false confession.

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第9题

阅读材料，回答题。Man cannot go on increasing his number at the present rate. In the next 30

阅读材料，回答题。

Man cannot go on increasing his number at the present rate. In the next 30 years man will faca period of crisis. Some experts believe that there will be a widespread food___ 51 ____. Other experthink this is too pessimistic (悲观的), and that man can prevent things from___ 52 ____worse tha they are now. But remember that two thirds of the people in the world are under-nourished or stmving now.

One thing that man can do is to limit the___ 53 ____of babies born. The need for this is obvious but it is not easy to achieve. People have to be___ 54 ____to limit their families. In the countries of the population___ 55 ____, many people like big families. The parents think that this makes a bigger income for the family and ensures there will be someone in the family who will look___ 56 ____them in old age.

Several governments have___ 57 ____birth control policies in recent years. Among them are Japan, China, India and Egypt. In some cases the results have not been successful. Japan has been an___ 58____The Japanese adopted a birth control policy in 1921~3. People were___ 59 ____to limit their families. The birth rate fell from 34.3 per thousand per year to about 17.0 per year___ 60 ____ present.

________ 查看材料

A.Need

B.want

C.Absence

D.shortage

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第10题

根据以下材料，回答题。Electronic MailDuring the past few years，scientists all over the world

根据以下材料，回答题。

Electronic Mail

During the past few years，scientists all over the world have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once spent their lives hvoiding——writing，any kind of writing，but particularly letter writing.Encouraged by electronic mail’s surprisingly high speed，convenience and economy，people who never before touched the stuff are regularly，skillfully，even cheerfullv tapping out a great deal of correspondence.

Electronic networks，woven into the fabric of scientific communication these davs. are the route to colleagues in distant countries，shared data，bulletin boards and electronic Joumals.Anyone with a personal computer， a modern and the software to link computers over teleDhone lines can sign on？An estimated five million scientists have done SO with more joining every day，most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known collectively as the Internet，or net.

E-mail is starting to edge out the fax，the telephone，overnight mail，and of course.1and mail. It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators，in part because it is conveniently asynchronous（异步的）（Writers can type while their colleagues acmss time zones sleep;their message will be waiting.）.If it is not yet speeding discoveries，it is certainly accelerating communication.

Jeremy Bernstein，the physicist and science writer，once called E-mail the Dhysicist，s umbilical cord（脐带）.Later other people，t00，have been discovering its connective virtues.Physicists are using it;college students are using it;everybody is using it;and as a sign that it has come of age，the New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon—an appreciative dog seated at a keyboard，saying happily，“on the Internet，nobody knows you’re a dog.”

The reasons given below about the popularity of E—mail can be found in the passage except 查看材料

A.direct and reliable

B.time—saving in delivery

C.money-saving

D.available at any time

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阅读材料，回答题： Computers in CarsYou&39;re far from home on alonely road. Shadowy fores