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[主观题]

What makes science fiction become tomorrows reality？A．Governor Jerry Brown.B．Self-driving

What makes science fiction become tomorrows reality？

A．Governor Jerry Brown.

B．Self-driving car.

C．Major auto manufactures.

D．The US government agency DARPA.

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发布时间：2019-08-19

更多“What makes science fiction become tomorrows reality？A．Governor Jerry Brown.B．Self-driving”相关的问题

第1题

Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you

can never prove in. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. As philosopher of science Karl Popper has emphasized, a good theory is characterized by the fact that it makes a number of predictions that could in principle be disproved or falsified by observation. Each time new experiments are observed to agree with the predictions the theory survives, and our confidence in it is increased; but if ever a new observation is found to disagree, we have to abandon or modify the theory. At least that is what is supposed to happen, but you can always question the competence of the per son who carried out the observation.

In practice, what often happens is that a new theory is devised that is really an extension of the previous theory. For example, very accurate observations of the planet Mercury revealed a small difference between its motion and the predictions of Newton's theory of gravity. Einstein' s general theory of relativity predicted a slightly different motion from Newton's theory. The fact that Einstein's predictions matched what was seen, while New ton's did not, was one of the crucial confirmations of the new theory. However, we still use Newton's theory for all practical purposes because the difference between its predictions and those of general relativity is very small in the situations that we normally deal with. (New ton's theory also has the great advantage that it is much simpler to work with than Einstein' s!)

A good title for this passage is ______.

A．The History of Physical Science

B．Karl Popper's Physical Theory

C．The Philosophy of Science

D．Einstein's Theory of Science

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第2题

听力原文：I'd like to welcome everyone to Modern Enterprises. I trust all of you are settli

听力原文： I'd like to welcome everyone to Modern Enterprises. I trust all of you are settling into your new offices, and invite you to let me know if there is anything that is unsuitable. In the event that you require anything from the company, you can feel free to drop by my office in the human resources department and pick up a form. to fill out. As you know, we are the newest and fastest growing investment company here in Dallas. My name is Beatrice Kidder and I'll be showing you around today. Today we're going to be seeing the trading floor in action, as well as talking to some of the investors about what constitutes a successful investor-client relationship. But the first thing we'll be doing is hearing from our CEO Mr. Gerald Robinson about what makes a successful investing enterprise. Let's all have a seat in the Wellington room to hear from Mr. Robinson. Please follow me.

What kind of company does the speaker work for？

A．Social work

B．Medical Science

C．Finance

D．Construction

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第3题

听力原文：You know Sara. If She has an opinion, everyone has got to know it. Which of the f

听力原文：You know Sara. If She has an opinion, everyone has got to know it.

Which of the following statements is true about Sara？

A．She rarely makes mistakes.

B．She makes known what she thinks.

C．She has many original ideas.

D．She doesn't like to express her opinions.

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第4题

阅读材料，回答题。 Satiric LiteraturePerhaps the most striking quality of satiric literatu

阅读材料，回答题。

Satiric Literature

Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective.Satire rarely offers original ideas.Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form.Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies.What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected.Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false.Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism.None of these ideas is original.Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldoua Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swirl.It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular.It was the manner of expression, the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive.They are stimulating and refreshing because with common sense briskness they brush away illusions and second-hand opinions.With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.

Satire exists because there is need for it.It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus,an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into all awareness of truth, though rarely to any active on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media issanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true.Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold die ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity.Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.

What does the passage mainly discuss？查看材料

A.Difficulties of writing satiric literature

B.Popular topics of satire

C.New philosophies emerging from satiric literature

D.Reasons for the popularity of satire

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第5题

Taking a cell, practically any cell, from your body, the theory goes, and through appropri

ate biological tinkering(摆弄) you can cause it to grow into a duplicate of yourself—identical from eyelashes to toenails. No need for procreational(生育的) sex any more;(51) this system, you can neatly reproduce yourself without a(52). Human cloning, it is called. Science fact or science fiction？ What would happen if human cloning became a(53)？ One favorite scenario is the(54)of a new(55)of Hitlers—or Einsteins. Scientists quickly disclaim the possibility. "It is more than genetic make-up that makes an individual." Says Markert of Yale University, "We are all products of a particular(56)era and of a special environment, with so many minute things(57)the way we develop each and every day, even in the womb, that a duplicate background--and therefore a duplicate(58)could never be created."

Already biologists studying the cell's(59)workings and the various methods of cloning have made discoveries that may ultimately lead to breakthroughs(60)the fight against cancer, control of the aging process, and the conquest of more than 100 presently incurable human genetic diseases. To(61)cloning-related research would mean closing the door(62)and important area of knowledge. To continue to probe the secrets of the cell, however, is perhaps to(63)the secret of human cloning. And, given the nature of man, if it can be done it will be done. What then is the(64)？

Says Congressman Rogers: "It is clear that human cloning is not yet possible. The day when it will be—if ever—is far(65). For now, at least, the benefits of cell-biology research outweigh the risks."

A．under

B．by

C．with

D．within

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第6题

Have you ever wondered what our future is like？ Practically all people【C1】______a desire t

o predict their future【C2】______People seem inclined to【C3】______this task u sing causal reasoning. First, we generally【C4】______that future circumstances are【C5】______caused or conditioned by present ones. We learn that getting an education will【C6】______how much money we earn later and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy【C7】______with a shark.

Second, people also learn that such【C8】______of cause and effect are probabilistic in nature. That is, the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are【C9】______, but not al ways.【C10】______, students learn that studying hard produces good grades【C11】______most instances, but not every time. Science makes these concepts of causality and probability more clear and【C12】______techniques for dealing with them more【C13】______than does causal human inquiry. In looking at ordinary human inquiry, we need to【C14】______between prediction and under .standing. Often, even if we don't under stand why, we are willing to act on the basis of a demonstrated【C15】______ability.

Whatever the primitive drives that【C16】______human beings, satisfying them depends heavily on the ability to predict future circumstances. The attempt to predict is often played in the【C17】______of knowledge and understanding. If you can understand why certain regular patterns【C18】______, you can predict better than if you simply ob serve those patterns. Thus, human inquiry aims【C19】______answering both "what" and "why" questions, and we【C20】______these goals by observing and figuring out.

【C1】

A．exhibit

B．exploit

C．release

D．expose

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第7题

Scientific knowledge is based on verifiable evidence. By evidence we mean concrete factual

observations which other observers can see, weigh, measure, count, or check for accuracy. We may think the definition too obvious to mention; most of us have some awareness of the scientific method. Yet only a few centuries ago medieval scholars held long debates on how many teeth a horse had, without bothering to look into a horse's mouth to count them.

At this point we raise the troublesome methodological question, "What is a fact？" While the word looks deceptively simple, it is not easy to distinguish a fact from a widely shared illusion. Suppose we define a fact as a descriptive Statement upon which all qualified observers are in agreement. By this definition, medieval ghosts were a fact, since all medieval observers agreed that ghosts were real. There is, therefore, no way to be sure that a fact is an accurate description and not a mistaken impression. Research would be easier if facts were dependable, unshakable certainties. Since they are not, the best we can do is to recognize that a fact is a descriptive statement of reality which scientists, after careful examination and cross-checking, agree in believing to be accurate.

Since science is based on verifiable evidence, science can deal only with questions about which verifiable evidence can be found. Questions like "Is there a God？" "What is the purpose and destiny of man？" or "What makes a thing beautiful？" are not scientific questions because they can not be treated factually. Such questions may be terribly important, but the scientific method has not tools for handling them. Scientists can study human beliefs about God, or man's destiny, or beauty, or anything else, and they may study the personal and social consequences of such beliefs; but these are studies of human behavior, with no attempt to settle the truth or error of the beliefs themselves.

Science then does not have answers for everything, and many important questions are not scientific questions. The scientific method is our most reliable source of factual knowledge about human behavior. and the natural universe, but science with its dependence upon verifiable factual evidence cannot answer questions about value, or esthetics, or purpose and ultimate meaning, or supernatural phenomena. Answers to such questions must be sought in philosophy, metaphysics, or religion.

Each scientific conclusion represents the most reasonable interpretation of all the available evidence—but new evidence may appear tomorrow. Therefore science has no absolute truths. An absolute truth is one which will hold true for all times, places, or circumstances. All scientific truth is tentative, subject to revision in the light of new evidence. Some scientific conclusions (e.g., that the earth is a spheroid; or that innate drives are culturally conditioned) are based upon such a large and consistent body of evidence that scientists doubt that they will ever be overturned by new evidence. Yet the scientific method requires that all conclusions be open to reexamination whenever new evidence is found to challenge them.

The central idea of the passage is

A．scientific knowledge is based on verifiable evidence.

B．science does not have answers for verifiable evidence.

C．science has no absolute truths.

D．the scientific method requires that all conclusions be open to reexamination whenever new evidence is found to challenge them.

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第8题

One of the strangest and most fascinating things about Scotland is the Loch Ness Monster.

Some people believe in the monsters【B1】______Many do not! However, very important【B2】______people do believe there is some truth in the famous monster story: experts from Britains Royal Air Force, scientists from the Boston Academy of Applied Science and specialists from NASA, to【B3】______but a few! Loch Ness is an【B4】______lake in Northern Scotland. It is about twenty-four miles long and one mile wide, and【B5】______1,000 feet, which makes it very difficult for anybody to find and examine the monster. In fact the first【B6】______reports of people seeing the monster date from only about six years before the beginning of the Second World War. Since then there have been other【B7】______and photographs of the monster. Many of these photographs【B8】______silly jokes played on an unsuspecting public later. However, other photographs have amazed the most searching scientific minds. In fact, it seems certain that something does exist in the deep waters of the【B9】______lake. The most amazing photographs show a flipper — the flipper perhaps of a very large animal. From these photos British expert in animal life, Sir Peter Scott, who is also an artist, has【B10】______the picture of what he believes the monster might look like.

【B1】

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第9题

Every profession or trade, every art, or every science has its technical vocabulary, the f

unction of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature (术语). Such special dialects, or jargons, are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally under stood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts and other vocations, such as farming and fishing, that have occupied a great number of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, be come pretty familiar to cultivated persons, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet, every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet, no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a closed guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, or the priest associates freely with his fellow creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called popular science makes everybody acquainted with modem views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it--as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus, our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.

The author's main purpose in the passage is to ______.

A．describe a phenomenon

B．argue a belief

C．propose a solution

D．stimulate action

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第10题

According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree w

ith？

A．Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.

B．The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.

C．It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientists.

D．The rapid development of modem science makes it impossible to combine teaching with re search.

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