第三篇More About Alzheimer's Disease Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used - 试题答案网问答

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第三篇There seem to be two main reasons that women cry more often. One is biological. Up t

第三篇

There seem to be two main reasons that women cry more often. One is biological. Up to age 12, boys and girls cry equally often. From then until age 18, the level of the hormone prolactin(催乳激素) rises in young women, until their blood contains 60 per-cent more than men' s. And prolactin affects the production of tears.

On the sociological side, men in particular are conditioned out of crying. From the age of 12 or 13, boys are told that crying shows a loss of control, that it is a sign of weakness. If men step outside the norm and show their feelings in the workplace, they run the risk of getting labels attached that are not complimentary.

Researches on conversations show that women are more likely to talk about feelings, men about activities. This is a reflection of our socialization. Also, men are more likely to express their opinions. It gives rise to women feeling enormous frustration about getting their views across. When women are crying at work, it's often out of sheer frustration, about not being able to get their needs identified, known, put across, and getting a response to them…There is a sense of "I'm not being taken seriously." The trouble is, if a woman cries in this situation, men are likely to say, "She's far too emotional." There are, though, a couple of arenas(活动场所) in which it seems to be acceptable for men to be emotional: sports and especially more recently, politics. An essay in Times magazine once reported on timely tears from former Presidents George Bush and Richard Nixon. The Times essay says 1988 presidential candidate Patricia Schroeder' s tears led some to describe her as "just another weak woman, temperamentally unfitted for the presidency". It concludes: "Men may weep, but women must prove them- selves made of sterner stuff."

The cause for women crying more often is that______。

A. women are born to be weaker than men

B. women have more prolactin in their bodies

C. men are taught not to cry

D. both B and C

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第2题

第三篇The wonders which medical workers have already brought about in the diagnosis（诊断)

第三篇

The wonders which medical workers have already brought about in the diagnosis(诊断) and treatment of disease suggest that a time may come when the physician will be able to analyze most illnesses as soon as they start, and cure them before damage results. How soon this "golden age of healing" arrives will depend greatly on how close is the collaboration between research workers in medicine and those who work in the sciences on which medicine depends. The physician has long relied on the chemist for curative drugs, and on the physicist for diagnostic instruments and healing rays. In the one field new materials and in the other new devices are being produced in increasing numbers, helping to make imminent new miracles of medicine.

The X-ray and the microscope have extended the vision of the medical observer until he can see through ten inches of living flesh or into a single tissue cell, yet similar but much more powerful tools still await development. Modern electrical devices enable him to listen to faint murmurings of the life processes, or to measure feeble currents arising from heart and brain and nerve; yet electrical body measurements are but little understood. Now newly discovered atomic rays are being brought to help him destroy malignant invaders of the human system, and there is every reason to believe that even more curative rays await discovery.

It can be inferred from the opening sentence of the first paragraph that medical workers ______.

A. have contributed little to the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

B. Have set their expectations too high

C. Have made remarkable progress in the diagnosis and treatment of disease

D. Have developed their potential to the full

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第3题

第三篇Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. C

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Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes(运动员). Stress can be physical emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.

The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw(缺陷)in themselves.

Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important that the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicated that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.

An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ______.

A. to make sports less competitive

B. to make sports more challenging

C. to reduce their mental stress

D. to increase their sense of success

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第4题

第三篇WaterThe second most important constituent （构成成份) of the biosphere （生物圈) is l

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Water

The second most important constituent (构成成份) of the biosphere (生物圈) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0℃ and boils at 100℃. Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range.

The earth's supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately, but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form. of the salt water of the oceans - about 97 per cent. The rest is fresh, but three-quarters of this is in the form. of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fractional which is somewhat less than one per cent of the whole, there is 10—20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapor in the atmosphere.

Water vapor in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water

circulation (循环) of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated (蒸发) from the surface of the oceans, from lakes and rivers and from moist (潮湿的) earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow, falling on either the sea or the land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans, and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form. of rivers.

41 Liquid water only exists

A in the center of the earth.

B on the surface of our planet.

C in a very narrow range of temperatures

D in the coastal areas of the earth.

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第三篇Why Humans Walk on Two Legs A team of scientists that studied chimpanzees（黑猩猩）tr

第三篇

Why Humans Walk on Two Legs

A team of scientists that studied chimpanzees（黑猩猩）trained to use treadmills (跑步机) has gathered new evidence suggesting that our earliest apelike ancestors started walking on two legs because it required less energy than getting around on all fours.

Michael Sockol, researcher of UC Davis, worked for two years to find an animal trainer willing to coax （劝诱) adult chimps to walk on two legs and to walk on all fours.

The five chimps also wore face masks used to help the researchers measure oxygen consumption. While the chimps worked out, the scientists collected data that allowed them to calculate which method of locomotion（移动) used less energy and why. The team gathered the same information for four adult humans walking on a treadmill.

The researchers found that human walking used about 75 percent less energy and burned 75 percent fewer calories than quadrupedal and bipedal walking in chimpanzees. They also found that for some but not all of the chimps, walking on two legs was no more costly than on all fours.

"We were prepared to find that all of the chimps used more energy walking on two legs-but that finding wouldn't have been as interesting, Sockol said.” What we found was much more telling. For three chimps, bipedalism was more expensive, but for the other two chimps, this wasn't the case. One spent about the same energy walking on two legs as on all fours. The other used less energy walking upright." These two chimps had different gaits (步法) and anatomy (解剖) than 'their quadrupedal peers.

Taken together, the findings provide support for the hypothesis that anatomical (解剖学的) differences affecting gait existed among our earliest apelike ancestors, and that these differences provided the genetic variation which natural selection could act on when changes in the environment gave bipeds an advantage over quadrupeds.

Fossil and molecular evidence suggests the earliest ancestors of the human family lived in forested areas in equatorial Africa in the late Miocene era (中世纪) some 8 to 10 million years ago, when changes in climate may have increased the distance between food patches. That would have forced our earliest ancestors to travel longer distances on the ground and favored those who could cover more ground using less energy.

"This isn't the complete answer," Sockol said. "But it's a good piece of a puzzle humans have always wondered about: How and why did we become human？ And why do we alone walk on two legs？"

41. Michael Sockol and his team were interested in

A. where humans came from.

B. how chimpanzees could be trained to use treadmills.

C. when our earliest ancestors began to live in forested areas

D. why our apelike ancestors came to walk on two legs.

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第三篇A Debate on the English Language A measure declaring English the national language

第三篇

A Debate on the English Language

A measure declaring English the national language is under intense debate in the United States.The US Senate passed two declarations last week.One calls English the nation's official language and the other says it is the “common and unifying（统一的）”tongue.But Americans found themselves divided on the issue.

Since people worldwide know that most Americans speak only English,many can't understand why the issue is so controversial（有争议的）.

“The discussion is related to fears of immigration issues,”says Dick Tucker,a social scientist at Pittsburgh's Carnegie Mellon University.“It's related to a worry about the changing demography（人口统计）of the US.It's a worry about who will continue to have political and economic influence.”报关员考试

In fact,the notion of protecting the language has been kicked around almost since the nation's founding.John Adams lobbied（游说）in 1780 for the creation of a national academy to correct and improve the English language.But his proposal died,since lawmakers saw it as a royalist（保皇主义者）attempt to define personal behavior.

Since then,the country hasn't had a national language,but the idea of recognizing the special status of English lived on.

The emotions surrounding language resurface（再次浮现）not because people feel comfortable with English.It is more about the discomfort many Americans feel with the new languages,says Walt Wolfram,a professor at North Carolina State University.

“Language is never about language,”he says.

According to the 2000 US Census Bureau report,of 209 million Americans over 18 years old,172 million speak only English at home.About 37 million speak languages other than English.Among them,6.5 million speak poor English and 3.1 million don't speak English at all.

41.What are the two declarations concerned with？

A.The status of the English language.

B.The protection of new languages.

C.The rights to speak one's mother tongue.

D.The improvement of the English language.

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第7题

第三篇 Some Things We Know about Language Many things about language are a mystery, and ma

第三篇 Some Things We Know about Language

Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know.

First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother. Furthermore,in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a langUage． Second , there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undevel oped,who are,as we say,uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.

This has not always been well understood;indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popu- lar ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek.

A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.

Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

In the second paragraph the author thinks that

A.some backward race doesn't have a language of its own

B.some race in history didn't possess a language of its own

C.any human race,whether backward or not, has a language

D.some races on earth call communicate without language.

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第8题

第三篇 Who Wants to Live Forever？If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you l

第三篇 Who Wants to Live Forever？

If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long, would you take it？

The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date. Scientists have already extended the lives of flies, worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years.

This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams, spending time with our loved ones, watching our families grow and have families of their own.

"Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."

Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war, poverty, all sorts of issues around, and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan. "The question is ‘What will we get as a society？' I suspect it won't be a better society."

It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years？ 'And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time？

Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents, or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart1. We think of an elder sibling as someone, who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.

Working life would also be affected, especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age - skill, wisdom and good judgment.

On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals, making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss？

Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people, and more on making life comfortable for the old.

And society would feel, very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom, but less energy: Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience .different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact, they are less enthusiastic about everything.

The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances, we need to think about these changes now.

"If this could ever happen, then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get," says Daniel Callahan. "'We had better not go anywhere near it2 until we have figure those problems out."

41 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do？

A) Spending more time with his family.

B) Having more education.

C) Realizing more dreams.

D) Working longer.

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第9题

第三篇：C级 Need for emphasis on treatment AIDS programs in developing countries put lit

tle emphasis on treatment, the World Health Organization said Tuesday, asking for more small community-based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people. An estimated 36 million to 46 million people are living with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003, the UN health agency said in its annual report. “Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death, ” the WHO said in the 169-page World Health Report. WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for suffers in AIDS programs. “Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease,” Lee said. “By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow. This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss, ” he adds. Antiretroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer. The annual cost of treatment, which was about $ 10,000 when the drugs were first developed, has dropped to about $ 150. Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts, the report said, citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available. Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected, and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection, the report said. Since its discovery in 1980s, more than 20 million have died of AIDS, mostly in poor countries.

第41题：Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries？

A. they put too little emphasis on treatment

B. they are not receiving any treatment

C. they refuse to be treated.

D. they live longer than those in developed countries

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第10题

14：第三篇Listening Comprehension: Why does Mr. Kelly raise the rent by 10%？A.Because the

14：第三篇Listening Comprehension: Why does Mr. Kelly raise the rent by 10%？

A.Because the CPI has risen by 10%.

B.Because taxes has increased by 10%.

C.Because he has to pay more for keeping the house.

D.Because the Bureau of Labor Statistics allows him to do that.

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