World War Ⅱ caused a transit prosperity during 11 and 1The company was able to buy 1 used

(52)

Why did farms expand their fields during the First World War？

A．Because they could obtain more profit.

B．Because there had been a serious drought which caused lack of food.

C．Because they wanted to find a solution to the natural disaster.

D．Because there had been a drought in the Midwest United States.

The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues (疫病) that flesh receives.

The most widespread fallacy (谬误) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses (病毒) passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.

During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches (战壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.

In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp (奥斯维辛集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.

At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.

If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter？ Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.

No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors (止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is to relieve the symptoms (症状).

The writer offered ______ examples to support his argument.

A．4

B．5

C．6

D．3

The Rise of Day-nursery in America

In the United States．the first day-nursery was opened in 1854．Nurseries were．established in various areas during thc (1) half of the 19th century; most of_____ (2)were charitable．Both in Europe and in the U．S．the day-nursery movement received great ______(3) during the First World War, when the ______(4) of manpower(劳动力)caused the industrial employment of unprecedented(前所未有的) numbers of women．In some European countries nurseries were established_____ (5) in munitions〔军火〕plants, under direct government sponsorship．______ (6) the number of nurseries in the U．S．also rose sharply, this rise was accomplished without aid of any kind．During the years following the First World War, _____(7), federal, state, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control _____(8) the day-nurseries, chiefly by licensing(发展照)them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries．

The_____(9) of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day-nurseries in almost all countries, as women were_____(10) called upon to replace men in the factories．On this _____(11) the U．S．government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, allocating $ 6,000,000 in July 1942, for a nurseryschool program for the children of working mothers．Many states and local communities supplemented(补充)this federal aid．By th'e end of the war, in August 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared_____(12) in day-care centers receiving federal subsidies．Soon afterward, the federal government _____(13) cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later_____ (14) them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation．However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their______(15) at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled．

第 51 题

A．latter

B．late

C．other

D．first

听力原文： Weather scientists call hurricanes by names to make clear which storm they are talking about. An Australian weather scientist began giving women's names to storms before the end of the nineteenth century. Weather scientists used the names of their girlfriends or wives for storms during World War Two. (33) The United States weather service started officially using women's names for storms in nineteen fifty-three. In nineteen seventy-eight, it began including men's names as well.

(34) Today, scientists make up lists of names years in advance, They agree on them at meetings of the concerned organization. The lists include both American and international names.

The United States National Hurricane Center near Miami, Florida, watches for the development of storms. It gives a name to each one that reaches a wind speed of sixty-two kilometers an hour. A different list of names is used each year. The first name begins with the letter "A". The second begins with "B" and so on. The same list will not be used again for at least six years. The names of storms that have caused extremely severe damage may be retired at the request of the country that was affected. That name will not be used again for at least ten years. (35) This is done to avoid legal problems or confusion. It may be reasonable that the United States asks that the name Katrina be retired.

(34)

A．Before 19th century

B．During World War Two

C．In 1978.

D．In 1953.

The Spanish Flu Epidemic

If you're worried about the possibility of a coming bird flu epidemic, you can take comfort in the fact that humanity has survived a similar influenza epidemic in the past. Starting its rounds at the end of World War I, the 1918 flu killed an estimated 50 million people.

Popularly known as the Spanish Flu, this type of influenza was far worse than your common cold. Normally, influenza only kills those who are more vulnerable to disease, such as newborns, the old or the sick. However, the Spanish Flu was prone to killing the young and healthy. Often it would disable its victims in hours; within a day, they would be dead, typically from extreme cases of pneumonia (肺炎).

The Spanish Flu was quite nasty-fast-spreading and deadly. It managed to spread across the globe, devastating the world. Then suddenly, after two years ravaging(蹂躏)the Earth, it disappeared as quickly as it had arisen.

Despite its nickname, the Spanish Flu did not originate in Spain. Its true origins are unknown. Some believe it started in US forts and then spread to Europe as America joined the war; others think that it populated the trenches of the English and the French and eventually broke out in 1918. Regardless of where it started, eventually a fifth of the world population suffered the disease, with a global mortality rate(死亡率) estimated at 2.5% of the population.

Modernity was partly to blame for the quick spread of the disease. It passed throughout the world on trade routes and shipping lines. It hit Northern America, Europe, Asia, Africa and the South Pacific. The war did not help at all--the movement of supplies and troops aided the spread of the Spanish Flu, as well as the trench warfare. Imagine the speed at which a virus can spread in a crowded ditch. The fast emergence of the virus in the trenches caused some soldiers to believe that the Spanish Flu was a new form. of biological warfare.

Luckily, the Spanish Flu simply vanished by 1920. It is believed the flu simply ran out of fuel to spread.

The Spanish Flu started during World War Ⅰ.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

More people die of tuberculosis(结核病)than of any other disease caused by a single agent. This has probably been the case in quite a while. During the early stages of the【M1】______ industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh deaths in【M2】______ Europes crowded cities were caused by the disease. From【M3】______ now on, though, western eyes, missing the global picture, saw the【M4】______ trouble going into decline. With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily【M5】______ through the 19th and 20th Centuries. In the 1950s,the introduction of antibiotics strengthened the trend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowed to be imported to poor countries. Medical researchers【M6】______ declared victory and withdrew. They are wrong. In the mid-1980s the frequency of infections【M7】______ and deaths started to pick up again around the world. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came back; in many places where it had【M8】______ never been away, it grew better. The World Heath Organization【M9】______ estimates that 1.7 billion people(a third of the earths population) suffer from tuberculosis. Even when the infection rate was falling, population growth kept the number of clinical cases more or less constantly at 8 million a year. Around 3 million of those people【M10】______ died, nearly all of them in poor countries.

【M1】

阅读材料，回答题。

The Spanish Flu Epidemic

If you&39;re worried about the possibility of a coming bird flu epidemic, you can take comfort in the fact that humanity has survived a similar influenza epidemic in the past. Starting its rounds at the end of World War I, the 1918 flu killed an estimated 50 million people.

Popularly known as the Spanish Flu, this type of influenza was far worse than your common cold.Normally, influenza only kills those who are more vulnerable to disease, such as newborns, the old or the sick.However, the Spanish ,Flu was prone to killing the young and healthy. Often it would disable its victims in hours; within a day, they would be dead, typically from extreme cases of pneumonia (肺炎) .

The Spanish Flu was quite nasty-fast-spreading and deadly. It managed to spread across the globe,devastating the world. Then suddenly, after two years ravaging (蹂躏 ) the Earth, it disappeared as quickly as it had arisen.

Despite its nickname, the Spanish Flu did not originate in Spain. Its true origins are unknown. Some believe it started in US forts and then spread to Europe as America joined the war; others think that it populated the trenches of the English and the French and eventually broke out in 1918. Regardless of where it started,eventually a fifth of the world population suffered the disease, with a global mortality rate (死亡率 ) estimated at 2.5% of the population.

Modernity was partly to blame for the quick spread of the disease. It passed throughout the world on trade routes and shipping lines. It hit Northern America, Europe, Asia, Africa and the South Pacific. The war did not help at all-the movement of supplies and troops aided the spread of the Spanish Flu, as well as the trench

warfare. Imagine the speed at which a virus can spread in a crowded ditch. The fast emergence of the virus in the trenches caused some soldiers to believe that the Spanish Flu was a new form. of biological warfare.

Luckily, the Spanish Flu simply vanished by 1920. It is believed the flu simply ran out of fuel to spread.

The Spanish Flu started during World War I. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

A.the burning of the Reichstag

B.German plans for world conquest

C.Nazi barbarism

D.the persecution of religious groups

The American Industry

A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.

It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July. ) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.

All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.

How things have changed ! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. "American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States. "

The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱ because ______.

A．it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal

B．its domestic market was eight times larger than before

C．the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors

D．the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy