Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in n - 试题答案网问答

第1题

Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age,-their families place them in n

ursing homes. They are left in the (51) of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their (52) children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any regular visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-an (53) story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care (54) elderly people need. Samuel Prestoon, a sociologist, studied (55) the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children (56) , because people today live longer after an illness than people did years (57) , family members must provide long term care. More psychologists have found that all caregivers (58) a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best people for the job. In other words, they all felt that they (59) do the job better than anyone else. Social workers (60) caregivers to find out why they took (61) the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Many caregivers believed they had obligation to help their relative. Some stated that helping others (62) them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping (63) now, they would deserve care when they became old and (64) . Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a mutually satisfying experience for everyone who might be (65) .

51. A. hands

B. arms

C. bodies

D. homes

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第2题

Text 3Bernard Jackson is a free man today, but he has many bitter memories. Jackson spent

Text 3

Bernard Jackson is a free man today, but he has many bitter memories. Jackson spent five years in prison after a jury wrongly convicted him of raping two women. At Jackson' s trial, although two witnesses testified that Jackson was with them in another location at the times of thcrimes, he was convicted anyway. Why？ The jury believed the testimony of the two victims, who positively identified Jackson as the man who had attacked them. The court eventually freed Jackson after the police found the man who had really committed the crimes.

Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses some-times see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a lineup of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces. The number of people in the lineup, and whether it is a live lineup or a photograph, may also affect a witness' s decision. People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the po-lice ask witnesses also have an effect on them.

Many people believe that police officers are more reliable than ordinary people. Psychologists decided to test this idea, and they discovered that it is not true. Two psychologists showed a film of crimes to both police officers and civilians. The psychologists found no difference between the police and the civilians in correctly remembering the details of the crimes. .

Despite all the possibilities for inaccuracy, courts cannot exclude eyewitness testimony from a trial. American courts depend almost completely on eyewitness testimony to resolve court cases. Sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime, such as rape. Furthermore, eyewitness testimony is often correct. Although people do sometimes make mistakes, many times they really do identify in dividuals correctly.

American courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors, and not the judges, to determine the accuracy of the witness' s testimony. It is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see, hear, and remember what occurred.

In a few cases the testimony of eyewitnesses has convicted innocent people. More important ly,it has rightly convicted a larger number of guilty people; consequently, it continues to be of great value in the American judicial system.

56. Benard Jackson was found guilty by the jury because_________ .

[A] the victims insisted that he was the attacker

[ B] the judge believed in the victims' identification

[ C] the police discovered evidence leading to his guilt

[D] the eyewinesses confirmed the victims' testimony

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第3题

Bernard Jackson is a free man today, but he has many bitter memories. Jackson spent five y

ears in prison after a jury wrongly convicted him of raping two women. At Jackson's trial, al though two witnesses testified that Jackson was with them in another location at the times of the crimes, he was convicted anyway. Why？ The jury believed the testimony of the two victims, who positively identified Jackson as the man who had attacked them. The court eventually freed Jackson after the police found the man who had really committed the crimes.

Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses some times see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a lineup of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces. The number of people in the lineup, and whether it is a live lineup or a photograph, may also affect a witness's decision. People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.

Many people believe that police officers are more reliable than ordinary people. Psychologists decided to test this idea, and they discovered that it is not true. Two psychologists showed a film of crimes to both police officers and civilians. The psychologists found no difference between the police and the civilians in correctly remembering the details of the crimes.

Despite all the possibilities for inaccuracy, courts cannot exclude eyewitness testimony from a trial. American courts depend almost completely on eyewitness testimony to resolve court cases. Sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime, such as rape. Furthermore, eyewitness testimony is often correct. Although people do sometimes make mistakes, many times they really do identify in dividuals correctly.

American courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors, and not the judges, to determine the accuracy of the witness' s testimony. It is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see, hear, and remember what occurred.

In a few cases the testimony of eyewitnesses has convicted innocent people. More importantly, it has rightly convicted a larger number of guilty people; consequently, it continues to be of great value in the American judicial system.

Benard Jackson was found guilty by the jury because______.

A．the victims insisted that he was the attacker

B．the judge believed in the victims' identification

C．the police discovered evidence leading to his guilt

D．the eyewitnesses confirmed the victims' testimony

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第4题

Caring for the old The old do not have to look exclusively to the past．Relieved of som

Caring for the old

The old do not have to look exclusively to the past．Relieved of some of life’s responsibilities and fortified by many years of experience and knowledge，they may have a much better idea of how to spend their time enjoyably than they did in their youth．And not all e11joymeat is restricted to the mental or philosophical． Healthy physical activity remains quite possible for most of us well into our later years．

Old people sometimes display surprising freedom and forthrightness in the expression of their thoughts and feelings，and an ability to transmit affection． It is as though some of the rituals which constrict us in earlier life fall away．

But a higher percentage of people suffer from emotional distress in old age than at any other time in adult life，and the gap between need and care is often filled by dubious measures，such as heavy handed prescription of medicine． For many years it was assumed that old people were not appropriate candidates for psychotherapy． But a few clinicians have risen to the challenge and discovered that individual and group psychotherapy is just as effective with the old as with the young．

It is easy to understand why an earthquake causes terror．Yet in old age there may be terror of a very private nature，a sense of disintegration sometimes stemming from inner conflicts，sometimes from a premonition of death or the fear of becoming dependent．

Dependency is a grim choice：insecurity and deprivation must be weighed against loss of autonomy and integrity． But if there is nothing shameful about the dependency of a baby or a young child，there should be nothing shameful about the dependencies natural with old age and diminishing physical resources．

The complexity and impersonality of the bureaucratic establishments， which have the means to provide help，are often threatening to old people．The younger generation today，on the other hand，will have had many decades to interact with “the system ”by the time they reach old age．

Many of us， including healthcare providers，assume that we know what old people and dying people want ,but our assumptions are often a reflections of our won thoughts and feelings based on personal interpretations of scanty bits of observation．Such assumptions are really an excuse to avoid close contact with the terminally i11．Assuming we “know” what they want, we observe ourselves from being with them，and sharing their thoughts about the end of life．

We sometimes assume，wrongly，that old people are too confused or senile to be aware of the nearness of death．In consequence．communication between a dying and others is subject to extraordinary omissions and distortions．“Protecting” the dying from knowledge of their condition often serves to protect us from the uncomfortable prospect of talking about dying and death．Evasions like this only lead to increasing isolation at a time when emotional honesty and understanding are most needed．

第 41 题 paragraph l___________．

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第5题

根据材料请回答 23～30 Caring for the OldThe old do not have to look exclusively（单一地)

根据材料请回答 23～30

Caring for the Old

The old do not have to look exclusively(单一地)to the past.Relieved of some of life's responsibilities and fortified (被加强了的) by many years of.experience and knowledge, they may have a much better idea of how to spend their time enjoyably than they did in their youth.And not all enjoyment is restricted to the mental or philosophical.Healthy physical activity remains quite possible for most of us well into our later years.

Old people sometimes display surprising freedom and forthrightness (直截了当)in the expression of their thoughts and feelings, and an ability to transmit affection.It is as though some of the rituals which constrict(限制) us in earlier life fall away.

But a higher percentage of people suffer from emotional distress(沮丧) in old age than at any other time in adult life, and the gap between need and care is often filled by dubious measures, such as heavy-handed prescription of medicine.For many years it was assumed that old people were not appropriate candidates for psychotherapy(精神疗法).But a few clinicians(临床大夫) have risen to people the challenge and discovered that individual and group psychotherapy is just as effective with the old as with the young.

It is easy to understand why an earthquake causes terror.Yet in old age there may beterror of a very private nature, a sense of disintegration (崩溃，衰变)sometimes seeming from inner conflicts, sometimes from a premonition (预感)of death or the fear of becoming dependent.

Dependency is a grim(可怕的) choice_- insecurity(缺乏安全感) and deprivation(丧失能力) must be weighted against loss of autonomy(人身自由 ) and integrity(个体独立).But if there is nothing shameful about the dependency of a baby or a young child, there should be nothing shameful about the dependencies natural with old age and diminishing physical resources.

The complexity and impersonality of the bureaucratic (官僚主义的) establishments(官僚机构), which have the means to provide help, are often threatening to old people.The younger generation today, on the other hand, will have had many decades to interact with" the system" by the time they reach old age.

Many of us, including healthcare providers, assume that we know what old people and dying people want, but our assumption are often a reflection of our own thoughts and feelings based on personal interpretations of scanty (贫乏的)bits of observation.Such as-sumptions are really an excuse to avoid close Contact with the terminally ill(病入膏肓的人).Assuming we "know" what they want, we absolve(开脱罪责) ourselves from being with them, and sharing their thoughts about the end of life.

We sometime assume, wrongly, that old people are too confused or senile (衰老的) to be aware of the nearness of death.In consequences, communication between a dying per-son and others is subject to ordinary omission and distortions(扭曲)."Protecting" the dy-ing from knowledge of their condition often serves to protect us from the uncomfortable re-spect of talking about dying and death.Evasions like this only lead to increasing isolation at a time emotional honesty and understanding are most needed.

第 23 题 Paragraph 1________

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第6题

Caring for the OldThe old do not have to look exclusively to the past. Relieved of some of

Caring for the Old

The old do not have to look exclusively to the past. Relieved of some of life's responsibilities and fortified by many years of experience and knowledge, they may have a much better idea of how to spend their time enjoyably than they did in their youth. And not all enjoyment is restricted to the mental or philosophical. Healthy physical activity remains quite possible for most of us well into our later years.

Old people sometimes display surprising freedom and forthrightness in the expression of their thoughts and feelings, and an ability to transmit affection. It is as though some of the rituals which constrict us in earlier life fall away.

But a higher percentage of people suffer from emotional distress in old age than at any other time in adult life, and the gap between need and care is often filled by dubious measures, such as heavy-handed prescription of medicine. For many years it was assumed that old people were not appropriate candidates for psychotherapy. But a few clinicians have risen to the challenge and discovered that individual and group psychotherapy is just as effective with the old as with the young.

It is easy to understand why an earthquake causes terror. Yet in old age there may be terror of a very private nature, a sense of disintegration sometimes stemming from inner conflicts, sometimes from a premonition of death or the fear of becoming dependent.

Dependency is a grim choice: insecurity and deprivation must be weighed against loss of autonomy and integrity. But if there is nothing shameful about the dependency of a baby or a young child, there should be nothing shameful about the dependencies natural with old age and diminishing physical resources.

The complexity and impersonality of the bureaucratic establishments, which have the means to provide help, are often threatening to old people. The younger generation today, on the other hand, will have had many decades to interact with "the system" by the time they reach old age.

Many of us, including healthcare providers, assume that we know what old people and dying people want, but our assumptions are often a reflections of our won thoughts and feelings based on personal interpretations of scanty bits of observation. Such assumptions are really an excuse to avoid close contact with the terminally ill. Assuming we "know" what they want, we observe ourselves from being with them, and sharing their thoughts about the end of life.

We sometimes assume, wrongly, that old people are too confused or senile to be aware of the nearness of death. In consequence, communication between a dying and others is subject to extraordinary omissions and distortions. "Protecting" the dying from knowledge of their condition often serves to protect us from the uncomfortable prospect of talking about dying and death. Evasions like this only lead to increasing isolation at a time when emotional honesty and understanding are most needed.

A. Knowing better how to enjoy life

B. Freedom in expression

C. Psychotherapy effective with some of the old

D. Period of greater emotional distress

E. Dependency: a grim choice

F. Guiltiness: dependency

paragraph 1 ______.

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第7题

According to E. G. Boring, "intelligence is what the tests test." This remark suggests tha

t ______.

A．intelligence tests have come to be seen rightly or wrongly

B．intelligence tests have become primarily a tool for selecting people

C．intelligence tests have become an irritating test

D．intelligence tests can hardly justify one's intellect

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第8题

Early intelligence tests were not without their critics.Many enduring concerns were first

Early intelligence tests were not without their critics. Many enduring concerns were first raised by the influential journalist Walter Lippman, in a series of published debates with Lewis Terman, of Stanford University, the father of IQ testing in America. Lippman pointed out the superficiality of the questions, their possible cultural biases, and the risks of trying to determine a person's intellectual potential with a brief oral or paper-and-pencil measure.

Perhaps surprisingly, the conceptualization of intelligence did not advance much in the decades following Terman's pioneering contributions. Intelligence tests came to be seen, rightly or wrongly, as primarily a tool for selecting people to fill academic or vocational niches. In one of the most famous -- if irritating -- remarks about intelligence testing, the influential Harvard psychologist E. G. Boring declared, "intelligence is what the tests test." So long as these tests did what they were supposed to do(that is, give some indication of school success), it did not seem necessary or prudent to probe too deeply into their meaning or to explore alternative views of the human intellect.

Psychologists who study intelligence have argued chiefly about two questions. The first: Is intelligence singular, or does it consist of various more or less independent intellectual faculties？ The purists -- ranging from the turn-of-the-century English psychologist Charles Spearman to his latter-day disciples Richard J. Herrntein and Charles Murray -- defend the notion of a single overarching "g", or general intelligence. The pluralists -- ranging from L. L. Thurstone, of the University of Chicago, who posited seven vectors of the mind, to J. P. Guilford, of the University of Southern California, who discerned 150 factors of the intellect-construe intelligence as composed of some or even many dissociable components.

The public is more interested in the second question: Is intelligence (or are intelligences) largely inherited.'？ This is by and large a Western question. In the Confucian societies of East Asia individual differences in endowment are assumed to be modest, and differences in achievement are thought to be due largely to effort. In the West, however, many students of the subject sympathize with the view -- defended within psychology by Lewis Terman, among others -- that intelligence is inborn and one can do little to alter one's intellectual birthright.

Studies of identical twins reared apart provide surprisingly strong support for the "heritability" of psychometric intelligence. That is, if one wants to predict someone's score on an intelligence test, the scores of the biological parents (even if the child has not had appreciable contact with them) are more likely to prove relevant than the scores of the adoptive parents. By the same token, the IQs of identical twins are more similar than the IQs of fraternal twins. And, contrary to common sense, the IQs of biologically related people grow closer in the later years of life.

Paragraph 1 of this passage suggests that ______.

A．intelligence tests are criticized by many people

B．Walter Lippman is an influential journalist

C．Lewis Terman of Stanford University is the father of IQ testing in America

D．Walter Lippman suspects the authenticity of IQ testing

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第9题

Since Word War Ⅱ, there has been a clearly noticeable trend, especially among the growing

group of college students, toward early marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence, "go steady" through high school, and map before their formal education has been completed. In some quarters, there is much clucking (咯咯叫) of middle-aged tongues over the ways of "wayward youth". However, emotional maturity is no respecter of birthdays; it does not arrive automatically at twenty-one or twenty-five. Some achieve it surprisingly early, while others never do even in three-score years and ten.

Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying home life, but also from their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness. And it can almost be put down as a dictum (格言) that any marriage entered into as an escape cannot prove entirely successful. The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves one's problems; more often, it merely accentuates them. Furthermore, it is doubtful whether the home as an institution is capable of carrying all that the young are seeking to put into it; one might say in theological terms, that they are forsaking one idol only to worship another. Young people correctly understand that their parents are wrong in believing that "success" is the ultimate good, but they wrongly believe that they themselves have found the true centre of life's meaning. Their expectations of marriage are essentially utopian (乌托邦的) and therefore incapable of fulfillment. They want too much, and tragic disillusionment is often bound to follow.

Shall we, then, join the chorus of "Miseries" over early marriage？ One cannot generalize: All early marriages are not bad any more than all the later ones are good. Satisfactory marriages are determined not by age but by the emotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own merits (优点). If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively few illusions or false expectations, and if it is economically feasible, why not？ Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.

Middle-aged people seem to view the trend toward early marriage as ______.

A．a healthy sign

B．an indication of growing responsibility on the part of youth

C．perfectly natural by today's standards

D．an indication of immaturity of today's youth

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第10题

Questions are based on the following passage．The ranks of the over 65s grew by 1.4m over t

Questions are based on the following passage．

The ranks of the over 65s grew by 1.4m over the past decade．But old age will not be kind to all of them．One in three will develop dementia （痴呆）， around one in six will end up in a nursing or care home and nearly half will need some forms of care．Few will have laid plans to pay for it．

Knowing the dilemma of elderly voters， the government is moving to change that．Next year it will put ￡ 72，000 on the sum that a person will have to pay towards care．and will raise the means-testing threshold （阀值） from ￡ 23，250 to ￡118，000．

The government had hoped that this reform. would not just relieve elderly nerves but also stimulate an insurance market for end-of-life care．Unfortunately， that is not happening．

Many people continue to assume， wrongly， that the NHS will pay， says Yvonne Braun from the Association of British Insurers．And most are overly optimistic about their health in old age， underestimating （低估） the risks and costs they will suffer．Joan Costa-Font， from the London School of Economics， adds that the idea of care insurance seems to conflict with social values．A kind of familial moral hazard kicks in， as people fear their children will no longer look after them if they are insured．

Care costs are so hard to predict that insurers tend to protect themselves with big insurance expenses， making insurance difficult to afford．The government"s new policy， which was supposed to sort this out， comes with alarming warnings．It does not include the cost of bed and board， which makes up a large amount of care home costs．It is also up to local authorities to determine which care counts towards the policy， meaning people may end up spending more after all．And the policy is higher than the25，000-50，000 recommended to the government by Andrew Dilnot， an economist who reviewed the market．

From next month much will change for retirees， as the government drops the requirement to buy annuities with private pension pots．The government hopes that people will use the new flexibility to plan for their old age， including the possibility that their final years will be spent in a nursing home rather than on the Costa del Sol．

What is the government‘s objective in the reform？查看材料

A.To help make plans to pay for care．

B.To ease elderly worries and promote the insurance market．

C.To seek votes from elderly voters．

D.To reduce the costs in a nursing home．

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