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阅读材料，回答题。Alpha ParticleFrom decaying radon （氡） atoms can destroy the living cells

阅读材料，回答题。

Alpha Particle

From decaying radon （氡） atoms can destroy the living cells they strike and increase the likelihood that those cells will later become cancerous.Researchers have now directly demonstrated that neighboring cells not suffering direct hits can be harmed， too. They"ve also taken a step toward showing how this type of radiation，called alpha particles， indirectly hurts those bystanders.

Radon derives from the decay of uranium （铀） and seeps naturally into the air from the ground.lt"s the primary environmental source of alpha particles， which contribute to cancer risk by causing aberrations （失常）in DNA.Alpha particles from inhaled radon are second only to smoking as a cause of lung cancer.

Because a person"s exposure to alpha particles typically is low， researchers have had to estimate public health threats from radon by guess from the effects of higher doses of alpha radiation.Such data comes primarily from studies of survivors of the atomic bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. The customary extrapolation （推测） assumes that cancer risk is proportional to the dose of radiation even at low doses.

Radiation"s effects in cell structure don"t necessarily reflect what happens in "a whole organism， with its full range of defense repair mechanisms， " says Duport.Processes such as DNA repair and cell death triggered by radiation damage could cancel the effect on by stander cells observed in the lab， he suggests.

Furthermore， while a bystander effect can contribute to cancer， other cell-to-cell interactions in living tissue "may relieve increased risk." says Barry Michael， a radiation biophysicist at the Gray Cancer Institute in Northwood， England.One of these interactions halts cell division and hence cancer. "The jury is still out on whether cell-to-cell effects lead to a greater or lower risk， " Michael says.

The passage‘s main topic is__________. 查看材料

A.The experiment done by researchers

B.Uranium is the key killer of neighboring cells

C.Cell-to-cell interaction can make up for the hurt cells

D.Bystander cells can be indirectly damaged by alpha particles

答案

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发布时间：2021-05-10

更多“阅读材料，回答题。Alpha ParticleFrom decaying radon （氡） atoms can destroy the living cells”相关的问题

第1题

阅读材料，回答题。Man cannot go on increasing his number at the present rate. In the next 30

阅读材料，回答题。

Man cannot go on increasing his number at the present rate. In the next 30 years man will faca period of crisis. Some experts believe that there will be a widespread food___ 51 ____. Other experthink this is too pessimistic (悲观的), and that man can prevent things from___ 52 ____worse tha they are now. But remember that two thirds of the people in the world are under-nourished or stmving now.

One thing that man can do is to limit the___ 53 ____of babies born. The need for this is obvious but it is not easy to achieve. People have to be___ 54 ____to limit their families. In the countries of the population___ 55 ____, many people like big families. The parents think that this makes a bigger income for the family and ensures there will be someone in the family who will look___ 56 ____them in old age.

Several governments have___ 57 ____birth control policies in recent years. Among them are Japan, China, India and Egypt. In some cases the results have not been successful. Japan has been an___ 58____The Japanese adopted a birth control policy in 1921~3. People were___ 59 ____to limit their families. The birth rate fell from 34.3 per thousand per year to about 17.0 per year___ 60 ____ present.

________ 查看材料

A.Need

B.want

C.Absence

D.shortage

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第2题

阅读材料，回答题。Washington Irving was America’s first man of letters to beknown internatio

阅读材料，回答题。

Washington Irving was America’s first man of letters to beknown internationally. His works were received enthusiastically both in Englandand in the United States. He was, in fact; one of the most successful writersof his time in the country, and at the same time winning the admiration offellow writers like Scott in Britain and Poe and Hawthorne in the UnitedStates. The respect in which he was held partly owing to the man himself, withhis warm friendliness, his good sense, his urbanity, his gay spirits, hisartistic integrity, his love of both the Old World and the New. Thackeray describedIrving as "a gentleman, who, though himself born in no very high sphere, wasmost finished, polished, witty; socially the equal of the most refinedEuropeans. " In England be was granted an honorary degree from Oxford anunusual honor for a citizen of a young, uncultured nation and he received themedal of the Royal Society of Literature. America made him ambassador to Spain.

Irving’s background provides little to explain his literaryachievements. A gifted but delicate child, he had little schooling. He studiedlaw, but without zeal, and never did practice seriously. He was immune to hisslrict Presbyterian home environment, frequenting both social gatherings and thetheater.

The main point of the first paragraph is that WashingtonIrving was________ 查看材料

A.America’s first man of letters

B.a writer who had great success both in and outside his owncountry

C.a man who was able to move from literature to politics

D.a man whose personal charm enabled him to get by withbasically inferior work

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第3题

阅读材料，回答题。 BreakfastStudies show that children who eat breakfast do better in sch

阅读材料，回答题。

Breakfast

Studies show that children who eat breakfast do better in school. It doesn&39;t take much further thought to believe that adults will feel better and perform. better at work as well .Whether you work at home, on the farm, at the office, at school, or on the road, it is not a good idea to skip (故意略去 ) breakfast.

If we don&39;t eat breakfast, we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run low on fuel. By mid-morning, a lot of us grab a cup of coffee, or wolf down a sugary candy bar to wake up again. This might work for a few minutes, but by lunchtime we are hungry, bad-tempered, and perhaps our mood might make us a little more likely to make unhealthy choices at lunch. Eating a good breakfast sets the tone for the rest of the day.

People who eat breakfast are generally more likely to maintain a healthy weight. Many people believe that they will lose weight if they skip meals, but that isn&39;t a good idea. The body expects to be refueled a few times a day, so start with a healthy breakfast.

A healthy breakfast should contain some protein (蛋白质) and some fiber (纤维) . Protein can come from meat, eggs, beans, or soy (大豆) . Fiber can be found in whole cereals (谷物), grains or in fruits.A good example of a healthy breakfast might be something simple like a hard boiled egg, an orange, and a bowl of whole grain cereal with soy milk.

Adults who eat breakfast will perform. better at work. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第4题

阅读材料，回答题。 Government Policies and EconomyWhile he was off on his l978 tour，Americ

阅读材料，回答题。

Government Policies and Economy

While he was off on his l978 tour，Americans were becoming disgusted with their lot as all“emerging second—class nation”，Wilson says．They began to see that incentives had to be restored to the economy．For instance，the capital gains tax was cut，an extraordinary turn—about．If it had been predicted before he went away in May，he would have said it was simply inconceivable as inconceivable as the prospect of Resorts going up1，000 percent．

This momentous transformation in the U．S．should soon bring about a huge bull market． In the l940s and l950s，the last time price earning multiples were at these low levels，the investing public expected that there would be another great postwar depression．Instead，aRer the beginning of l953 it became apparent that there would not be one，and price-earnings multiples got so low this time that investors felt that the country was drifting into socialism．That drift，however，may be reversing direction．

Wilson believes that the bankruptcy of New York City means the discrediting of big government，that as a result there will be less government，and that things in general will go much better．From l980’s depressed levels the market could rise to twenty times doubled earnings or almost fivefold in five to seven years．Wilson believes that he’ll be worth hundreds of millions of dollars before it’s over．

From paragraph l，we can infer that Resorts is__________．查看材料

A.a company that involves many capital gains

B.a company that has little hope of rapid growth

C.a company that benefited from capital gains tax

D.a company that stimulates the economy

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第5题

阅读材料，回答题： Understanding Autism1 Autism （孤独症) is a life－long developmental disa

阅读材料，回答题：

Understanding Autism

1 Autism (孤独症) is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding what they see, hear, and otherwise sense. This results in severe problems of social relationships, communication, and behavior. Individuals with autism have to painstakingly (费力地) learn normal patterns of speech and communication, and appropriate ways to relate to people, objects, and events, in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke.

2 The cause of autism is still unknown. Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses. There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic (遗传的 )factors may sometimes be involved. Autism may indeed result from a combination of several "causes"

3 Most people with mental retardation (智力迟钝)show relatively even skill development. Indi- viduals with autism, however, typically show uneven skill development, with deficits (欠缺)in cer- tain areasmmost frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others--and distinct skills in other areas. It is important to distinguish, autism from mental retardation or other disorders,.&

since diagnostic (诊断的)confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment tech- niques.

4 In general, individuals with autism perform. best at jobs which are structured and involve a de- gree of repetition. Some people who have autism are working as artists, piano tuners, painters, farm workers, office workers, computer operators, dishwashers, assembly line workers, or employees of sheltered workshops or other sheltered work settings.

Paragraph 1

阅读材料，回答题： Understanding Autism1 Autism （孤独症) is a 查看材料

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

E.E

F.F

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第6题

阅读材料，回答题。 Stories One of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Be

阅读材料，回答题。

Stories

One of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Benetton. The Benetton family opened their first shop in Italy in 1968.46Benetton followed four marketing principles in order to achieve their success.

The first principle in Consumer Concept. To build a successful business, you have to develop products around things people value, especially quality.47He created clothes to match people&39;s wants : the style. is casual; the colors and patterns are bold; and the quality is excellent.

The System Link in another feature of good marketing. For Benetton, this means waiting to get information about what customers like and what they dislike before making the clothes.48

The Information Link means making sure the company responds quickly to people&39;s demands.49 This information is then sent to the main office in Italy. Benetton can use this information to identify popular products and to continue making them; it can also identify less popular products and stop making them.

A final important marketing principle is the Retail Link. There are Benetton stores in countries around the world. All the stores have the same clothing, the same window display, and the same approach to sales.50

The things people like about Benetton stores are that the quality is always high and the prices are generally low. And that spells success.

请在第__（46）__处填上正确答案。查看材料

A.The founder of Benetton began by asking people what they wanted.

B.There used to be a good reason for this.

C.When something is sold at a Benetton store， the store records information about the type，size， and color of the item.

D.Today， there are Benetton shops in major cities all over the world.

E.This means that customers can go into any Benetton store in the world and be sure of what they are buying.

F.In other words， Benetton"s clothes are made to order.

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第7题

阅读材料，回答题。 The Adjustment in Understanding of Man"s Relation to the Physical Univers

阅读材料，回答题。

The Adjustment in Understanding of Man"s Relation to the Physical Universe

Nowadays the scattering of galaxies and the astounding abundance of stars are forcing those who ponder such matters to a further adjustment of their concept of the place and function of man in the material universe.

In the history of the51human mind， with its increasing knowledge of the surrounding context， there must have been a time when the philosophers of the52tribes began to realize that the world was not simply centered on man himself. The geocentric concept， which accepted a universe centered on the earth， then became common53

The second adjustment in the understanding of man"s relation to the physical universe was not generally acceptable54the sixteenth century. Copernican revolution soundly55the heliocentric Concept， the theory of a universe56on the sun. Man is a stubborn adherent to official dogma; eventually， however， he accepted the sun as the center.

Then， forty years ago， came the need for a third adjustment. This57has deeply exploded man"s pride and58， for it has carried with it the knowledge of the appalling number of galaxies.

The galactocentric universe59puts the earth and its life near the edge of one great galaxy in a universe of millions of galaxies. Man becomes peripheral among the billions of stars of his own Milky Way; and， according to the revelations of paleontology and geochemistry， he is60and apparently transient in the61of cosmic time.

The downgrading of the earth and sun and the elevation of the galaxies is not the end of this62of scientific pilgrims through philosophic fields. The need for another63adjustment now64not wholly unexpected by scientists，65wholly the result of one or two scientific revelations.

Our new problem concerns the spread of life throughout the universe. As unsolicited spokesmen for all the earthly organisms of land， sea， and air， we ask the thrilling question: Are we alone？

请在第__（51）__处填上正确答案。查看材料

A.ingenious

B.evolving

C.creative

D.eligible

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第8题

阅读材料，回答题。 What Is Globalization ？ It was the anti-globalization movement that rea

阅读材料，回答题。

What Is Globalization ？

It was the anti-globalization movement that really put globalization on the map. As a word it has existed since the 1960s, but the protests against this allegedly new process, which its opponents condemn as a way of ordering people&39;s lives, brought globalization out of the financial and academic worlds and into everyday current affairs.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the business model called the "globalize" financial market came to be seen as an entity that could have more than just an economic impact on the parts of the world it touched.Globalization came to be seen as more than simply a way of doing business, or running financial markets-it became a process. From then on the word took on a life of its own.

So how does the globalize market work？ It is modern communications that make it possible; for the British service sector to deal with its customers through a call centre in India, or for a sportswear (运动服 )manufacturer to design its products in Europe, make them in southeast Asia and sell them in North America.

But this is where the anti-globalization side gets stuck in (关注) .If these practices replace domestic economic life with an economy that is heavily influenced or controlled by overseas, then the creation of a globalize economic model and the process of globalization can also be seen as a surrender of power to the corporations, or a means of keeping poorer nations in their place.

Not everyone agrees that globalization is necessarily evil, or that globalize corporations are running the lives of individuals or are more powerful than nations. Some say that the spread of globalization, free markets and free trade into the developing world is the best way to beat poverty the only problem is that free markets and free trade do not yet truly exist.

Globalization can be seen as a positive, negative or even marginal process. And regardless of whether it works for good or ill, globalization&39;s exact meaning will continue to be the subject of debate among those who oppose, support or simply observe it.

Globalization is a term used only in the financial and academic worlds. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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